This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 197168, “Digitalize Asset-Integrity Management by Remote Monitoring,” by Mohamed Sahid, ADNOC, prepared for the 2019 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 11-14 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Monitoring of corrosion in process pipelines has always been of paramount importance in ensuring plant-asset integrity. Similarly, steam traps play an important role in ensuring steam quality and, thus, the integrity of critical assets in the plant. The complete paper discusses these two aspects of monitoring asset integrity - real-time corrosion monitoring and real-time steam-trap monitoring - as implemented by the operator. The authors highlight the importance of digitization by means of implementing wireless technology and making data available in remote work stations in real time.
Real-Time Corrosion-Monitoring System
Corrosion coupons and electrical resistance probes are among the most-tried and -tested methods to monitor corrosion, but the authors detail shortcomings of these systems, focusing their efforts on the option of using nonintrusive ultrasonic sensors for corrosion monitoring.
Fixed ultrasonic thickness (UT) monitoring systems measure a localized thickness of vessel wall or pipe through the use of sound waves. They are the fastest method to measure wall thickness and wall loss reliably. The wall thickness is calculated from the reflection of the ultrasonic signal at both external and internal surfaces. UT systems normally include a transducer and a pulser/receiver. The type of transducer used for this application is the ultrasonic transducer, which can be either piezoelectric or variable-capacitive. The pulser generates short electric pulses of energy at a constant rate, which are converted by the transducer into short, high-frequency ultrasonic sound pulses. These pulses are then directed into the material. Any discontinuation or impurity in the path of the ultrasonic sound wave will be reflected and received by the transducer, transformed into an electric signal, and amplified by the receiver to be projected onto the display (in the case of portable UT instruments). Depending on the intensity shown on the display, information about the impurity or discontinuity, such as size, orientation, and location, can be derived accurately.
The shortcomings of using portable UT sensors have been overcome by the introduction of permanent UT sensors, which provide wall-thickness measurement continuously at one location in real time. Because these sensors remain fixed at one location for years, it is possible to analyze corrosion at a single point over time, thus detecting early corrosion onset.
Real-Time UT Gauging. The operator installed the real-time corrosion-monitoring system in its offshore associated gas (OAG) unit. A UK-based vendor provided UT sensors along with data-management and -viewing software to support data interpretation. Twenty locations were identified in various plants of the OAG unit on the basis of criticality and previously recorded corrosion levels.
A Remote Monitoring System of Logistics Carrier Based on Wireless Sensor Network