Efficient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-Ketone Using SbCl3 as Catalyst under Ultrasonic Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 1045-1048
Author(s):  
Jin Lin ◽  
Jing Fen Li ◽  
Bin Bin Zheng ◽  
Xiao Ting Dai ◽  
Jia Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Ethyl Acetoacetate ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Conditions

In this study, SbCl3 as catalyst to benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea as raw material in the ultrasonic radiation synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ketone. According to the orthogonal design optimization experiment, optimization method ultrasonic extraction technology, and ultimate pass to get the best synthetic condition for: material ratio 1.0,1.0,1.5(mol), ultrasonic power 100 w, ultrasonic time 2 hours, ultrasonic temperature 65°C, the yield is 61.08%.

Process Optimization of the Preparation of TiO2 Microcapsule Used for Photo-Catalytic Degradation with Ultrasound Irradiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 770-774
Author(s):  
Xiao Mei Wang ◽  
Bao Bao Zhao ◽  
Cheng Rong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Complex Coacervation ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Conditions

Microcapsules were prepared using the complex coacervation method with nano anatase TiO2 as the core material, gelatin/Arabia gum as the wall material, while dispersing TiO2 into the reaction solution using the ultrasonic. The prepared microcapsules can be finished into textiles such as the polypropylene nonwovens, and the microcapsules in the textiles gradually fracture and the anatase TiO2 was released, which would facilitate photo-degradation of the polypropylene nonwovens when exposed in sunlight. The microcapsules size was used as the process optimization evaluation index, and the quadratic general revolving combination design was used to conduct the experiments for obtaining the optimum ultrasonic conditions, and the other progress parameters were the same that used in our early microcapsule preparation. The obtained optimal process for ultrasound is: ultrasonic time is 17min; ultrasonic power is 74W and ultrasound temperature 60 °C.

scholarly journals Extraction, Purification, Characterization, and Antiangiogenic Activity of Acidic Polysaccharide from Buddleja officinalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiaoteng Yan ◽  
Zhuan Yan ◽  
Qingping Xiong ◽  
Gaoqin Liu ◽  
Juanjuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Antiangiogenic Activity ◽  
Uronic Acid Content ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Crude Polysaccharide

Firstly, optimal parameters of crude polysaccharide from Buddleja officinalis were obtained as follows: ratio of water to raw material of 26 : 1, ultrasonic power of 240 W, ultrasonic time of 45 min, and ultrasonic temperature of 62°C. Secondly, acidic polysaccharide (APBOM) from Buddleja officinalis was successfully acquired with the yield of 9.57% by using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 gel column chromatography. Then, we found that total polysaccharide content of APBOM was 94.37% with a sulfuric acid group of 1.68%, uronic acid content of 17.41%, and average molecular weight of 165.4 kDa. Finally, APBOM was confirmed to have significant antiangiogenic effects.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Total Saponins from Ophiopholis mirabilis Using Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 687-693
Author(s):  
Zhi Yang Shao ◽  
Jin Xia Fu ◽  
Yan Xia Qi ◽  
Qian Cheng Zhao ◽  
Zhi Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Ultrasonic-Assisted extraction (UAE) was applied for saponins extraction from Ophiopholis mirabilis and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction technology. A first set of experiments were designed to optimize water bath temperature, ethanol concentration, the ratio of liquid to solid, ultrasonic time (min) and ultrasonic power (W) as the main variables affecting the extraction effect. A Box-Behnken design consisting of 15 experimental runs was then applied and a second-order polynomial model was used to explain the interactions between the main factors and the yield of saponins. The developed mathematical model was found to fit well with the experimental data and the optimized conditions were ultrasonic pretreatment time 30.9 min, ethanol concentration 64%, liquid /solid ratio 35:1, ultrasonic power 300W and water bath 70°C. Corresponding saponins content was 0.574%.

Study on Ultrasonic Extraction of 1-Deoxynojirimycin(DNJ) and Polysaccharides from Mulberry Leaves

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 2759-2764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Xing Liu ◽  
Jun Li Hua ◽  
Hong Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Extraction Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Optimal Technology ◽  
Single Factor Experiment ◽  
Water Ratio

The study on optimal technology of extracting 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) and polysaccharides from mulberry leaves as raw material is conducted on the basis of the single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, and the study result shows the optimum conditions of the DNJ extraction are solid to water ratio of 1∶40, the ultrasonic power of 125 w, the ultrasonic temperature of 70°C, and the ultrasonic time of 20 min. The DNJ extraction ratio of 0.092%; while the optimum conditions of the polysaccharides extraction are solid to water ratio of 1 ∶30 , the ultrasonic power of 125 w , the ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, the ultrasonic time of 40 min and the polysaccharides extraction ratio of 2.52%.

Study on the Influences of Ultrasonic Conditions on the Dispersion of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Reinforced Epoxy

2013 ◽  
Vol 561 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Yu Mei Ding ◽  
Jian Qiang Wang ◽  
Ying An ◽  
Jian Bo Shao ◽  
Kun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Resin Solution ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ultrasonic Conditions

Absrtract. In this paper, the method of ultrasonic vibration in preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)/epoxy resin composites was studied. Suspension specimens of MWCNTs/epoxy resin solution prepared by different ultrasonic conditions were compared to find out the influences of operating conditions on dispersion properties. In this study, transmission electron microscopes(TEM) were used to characterize the morphology of the blends and suspension stability was used to evaluate the stability of blends. The results showed that ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time and material quantity have great effect on the dispersion of MWCNTs in epoxy resin solution. Increasing ultrasonic power and time can improve dispersion of MWCNTs, and decreasing material quantity within an appropriate range was helpful to disperse MWCNTs into epoxy resin solution. The results of suspension stability were very similar with TEM results, which demonstrate that suspension stability of MWCNTs/epoxy resin blending could be used as an assistant method to characterize the dispersion of MWCNTs in epoxy resin.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides From Sojae Semen Praeparatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110206
Author(s):  
Yongshuai Jing ◽  
Ruijuan Zhang ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
Danshen Zhang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction parameters of Sojae Semen Praeparatum polysaccharides (SSPP-80), the optimum conditions were determined as follows: ultrasonic frequency of 100 W, ultrasonic power of 80 Hz, ultrasonic temperature of 52℃, ultrasonic time of 23 minutes, and liquid to raw material ratio of 40 mL/g. Based on these conditions, polysaccharides extraction rate was 7.72% ± 0.26%. Then, 2 novel polysaccharides (SSPP-80‐1, SSPP-80‐2) were isolated from SSPP by DEAE-cellulose 52 chromatography. The chemical compositions, physicochemical properties, and structure of SSPPs were investigated by simultaneous thermal analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FI-IR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that SSPP-80 and 2 fractions were mainly composed of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), xylose (Xyl), and arabinose (Ara). In addition, the antioxidant activities were evaluated against the DPPH and hydroxyl radical in vitro, the IC50 of SSPP-80, SSPP-80‐1 and SSPP-80‐2 against DPPH free radical were 4.407, 8.267, and 5.204 mg/mL, respectively, whereas the IC50values for removing hydroxyl groups were 5.318, 3.516, and 4.016 mg/mL, respectively. It demonstrated that SSPP-80 and 2 fractions had certain antioxidant activity. Theoretical basis for use of Sojae Semen Praeparatum polysaccharides was provided by this study.

Shape-design optimization of hull structures considering thermal deformation

2013 ◽  
Vol 228 (13) ◽  
pp. 2266-2277
Author(s):  
Myung-Jin Choi ◽  
Min-Geun Kim ◽  
Seonho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Thermal Deformation ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Shape Design ◽  
Shape Design Optimization ◽  
Modified Method

We developed a shape-design optimization method for the thermo-elastoplasticity problems that are applicable to the welding or thermal deformation of hull structures. The point is to determine the shape-design parameters such that the deformed shape after welding fits very well to a desired design. The geometric parameters of curved surfaces are selected as the design parameters. The shell finite elements, forward finite difference sensitivity, modified method of feasible direction algorithm and a programming language ANSYS Parametric Design Language in the established code ANSYS are employed in the shape optimization. The objective function is the weighted summation of differences between the deformed and the target geometries. The proposed method is effective even though new design variables are added to the design space during the optimization process since the multiple steps of design optimization are used during the whole optimization process. To obtain the better optimal design, the weights are determined for the next design optimization, based on the previous optimal results. Numerical examples demonstrate that the localized severe deviations from the target design are effectively prevented in the optimal design.

Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction of Gypenoside III from Gynostemma pentaphyllum by Response Surface Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1866-1870
Author(s):  
Xiao Dan Tang ◽  
Hai Yang Hang ◽  
Shao Yan Wang ◽  
Jing Xiang Cong
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Ultrasonic Time

Gypenosides III is a major bioactive component which is rich in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. For better utilization of the native resource, response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of gypenosides III from G. pentaphyllum. The effects of three independent variables on the extraction yield of gypenosides III were investigated and the optimal conditions were evaluated by means of Box-Behnken design. The optimal conditions are as follows: ratio of ethanol to raw material 25, extraction temperature 58°C and ultrasonic time 25min. Under these conditions, the yield of gypenoside III is 1.216±0.05%, which is agreed closely with the predicted yield value.

The Dispersion of MWCNTS in Acetone Solution of SAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Xin Long Ling ◽  
Ling Jiao Xie ◽  
Li Ming Zou ◽  
Yi Zhe Wei
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Acetone Solution ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Acrylonitrile Copolymer ◽  
Mass Percent ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Styrene Acrylonitrile

MWCNTs were dispersed in acetone solution of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN). Four factors which had effect on the average particle size, including the ratio of MWCNTs to SAN, the mass percent of MWCNTs, the ultrasonic power and the ultrasonic time, were studied. The optimal dispersion conditions of MWCNTs in acetone solution of SAN were the ratio of MWCNTs to SAN 1:3, the mass percent of MWCNTs 0.25%, the ultrasonic power 100%, and the ultrasonic time 30 min.

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