Water Consumption of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Grown under Water Deficit Regulated with Mulched Drip Irrigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2273-2276
Author(s):  
Heng Jia Zhang ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Water Consumption ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of mulched drip irrigation under water deficit on soil water content (SWC), stored soil water (SSW), daily water consumption (DWC) and ratio of water consumption in total water use (RWC) of potato in an arid area. Five water deficit treatments designed to subject potato to various levels of soil water deficit at different crop growth stages and a full irrigation control were established. The result indicated that the maximum SWC was at 20 cm depth in soil profile and that in 10 to 40 cm increment varied sharply during potato growing season. The SWC, SSW, DWC and RWC were significantly affected by mulched drip irrigation at water deficit regulation stages except at starch accumulation. Therefore, proper levels of soil water deficit regulated with mulched drip irrigation at proper plant growth stages could be used to regulate soil water status, stored soil water and crop water consumption effectively.

Photosynthetic Performance of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Subject to Water Deficit Regulated with Mulched Drip Irrigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2130-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Jia Zhang ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of mulched drip irrigation under water deficit on leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), dry matter (DM) and relative growth rate (RGR) of potato in an arid environment. Five water deficit treatments and a full irrigation control were established to subject potato to various levels of soil water deficit at different crop growth stages. The result indicated that potato LAI and LAD at all the determined growth stages were not reduced under water deficit regulation. Additionally, the DM and RGR at starch accumulation were not significantly decreased under water deficit either. Therefore, medium soil water deficit regulated at 55%~65% of field capacity with mulched drip irrigation at potato tuber initiation could be used to effectively improve leaf area index, leaf area duration, dry matter and relative growth rate of plants.

Responses of osmotic adjustment and seed yield of Brassica napus and B. juncea to soil water deficit at different growth stages

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifu Ma ◽  
Sharon R. Niknam ◽  
David W. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Fill

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is a major rotation crop but low yield has limited its adoption by farmers in the low-rainfall regions of southern Australia, where drought events can occur at any stage of crop development. We examined the effect of soil water deficit on osmotic adjustment and seed yield of canola and mustard (B. juncea L.) at the juvenile, elongation, anthesis, or seed-fill stage under glasshouse conditions and post-anthesis drought in the field. At the juvenile and elongation stages, leaves of both canola cv. Monty and mustard line 397-23-2-3-3 adjusted osmotically after exposure to water deficit. In comparison, only the mustard line expressed osmotic adjustment at anthesis and neither genotype adjusted at the seed-fill stage. A single drought event at the juvenile or elongation stage had little effect on growth and seed yield of either genotype, whereas water deficit at anthesis or seed-fill stage reduced seed yield of the canola cultivar by decreasing pod number, seeds per pod, and/or harvest index but largely did not affect the mustard line. In the field where rainfall diminished and plants were subjected to increasing water deficit during the reproductive stages, canola cv. Karoo and mustard line JN25 showed higher osmotic adjustment at anthesis and less yield reduction than the canola cv. Monty. This study suggests that yield sensitivity to water deficit was mainly due to its effect on concurrent formation of yield components, but could be modified by the physiological trait of osmotic adjustment.

Water Status and ABA Content of Floral Organs in Drought-Stressed Wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Westgate ◽  
JB Passioura ◽  
R Munns
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Root Signals ◽  
Aba Content

Chemical signals from roots have been shown to mediate the response of vegetative shoots to drought. Our objective was to test whether root signals such as abscisic acid (ABA) affect grain set in wheat. Uniculm wheat was grown in a controlled environment and exposed to a water deficit from pollen mother cell meiosis to late boot stage-a period of reproductive development very sensitive to drought. The water deficit decreased grain numbers per spike up to 70%. As soil moisture was depleted, leaf, glume, ovary and anther water potential (Ψw) decreased with leaf Ψw. Turgor decreased in the leaves, but remained at or above control levels in all floral organs examined. Free ABA content of leaves increased 30-fold as leaf turgor declined, while ABA in floral organs increased 10-15-fold. To separate the effects of shoot and root water status on grain set, plants were pressurised to maintain leaf Ψw at control levels as the soil dried. Pressurisation increased flowers and grains per spike over that of droughted plants at comparable soil water suctions, but not to control levels. Free ABA content in leaves and floral organs increased only about 3-fold when leaves were maintained at high Ψw. Shoot water status had a greater effect on grain set than did soil water status. In both pressurised and unpressurised plants, grains per spike and percentage grain set decreased with increasing ABA content in ovaries and anthers. The results indicate that maintenance of a high shoot water status reduces the effect of soil water deficit on grain set by reducing the accumulation of ABA.

Comparison of Stomatal Action of Orange, Soybean and Wheat Under Field Conditions

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Meyer ◽  
GC Green
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Orange Trees

Diurnal trends in leaf diffusive conductance, Cs, leaf water potential ΨL and rates of evapotranspiration E*T were monitored on orchard-grown orange trees and field-grown crops of soybeans and wheat. Changes in these measurements were observed on soybeans and wheat as the soil water deficit increased. Maximum values of Cs of well watered plants differed between the three species (soybeans > wheat >> orange) probably as a result of different stomatal sizes and densities. Diurnal trends in Cs were common for all species, with maximum values occurring during midmorning followed by slightly lower midday values. The reduction in Cs around midday became much more pronounced as the soil water deficit increased. Slight increases in Cs values of soybeans and wheat were recorded during late afternoon. This pattern of stomatal aperture change can reasonably be explained in terms of responses to both radiant energy and plant water status. The pattern also seems to comply with the premise that stomates interact to optimize the rate of assimilation while minimizing the rate of transpiration in a given environment. Stomatal action appeared to have little effect on daily ET in soybeans under well watered conditions; ET was closely related to incoming radiant energy. The low midday values of Cs apparently caused a midday plateau in the rate of CT in wheat while even lower daytime Cs values for orange seemed to cause a low and fairly constant rate of ET which was relatively insensitive to changes in incoming radiant energy. The value of ΨL attained during mid morning at which Cs initially began to decline was fairly constant for soybeans (-0.9 to -1.1 MPa) as the predawn ΨL decreased from -0.1 to -0.8 MPa. A similar decline in predawn ΨL for wheat caused a change in the value of ΨL at which initial decreases in Cs were observed from - 1.3 MPa to -2.4 MPa. Thus there appeared to be little adjustment of stomatal action in soybeans but considerable adjustment in wheat.

Soil–Root Interface Water Potential in Sweet Corn Affected by Organic Fertilizations and Effective Microbe Applications

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 491c-491
Author(s):  
H.L. Xu ◽  
H. Umemura ◽  
T. Higa
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Root Activity ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers

We examined effects of organic fertilizations and effective microbes (EM, mainly Lactobacillus, Rhodopseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Aspergillus) applications on soil-root interface water potential Ψs-r of `Honey-Bantam' sweet corn. The contributions to Ψs-r from root amount and root activity were analyzed using the Ohm's law. Plants were grown in 1/5000 a Wagner's pots filled with Andosol and six treatments were made as follows: 1) organic materials fermented anaerobically with EM added; 2) anaerobic organic materials; 3) organic materials fermented aerobically with EM added; 4) aerobic organic materials; 5) chemical fertilizers with EM applied, and 6) chemical fertilizers. One month after sowing, as soil water decreased, Ψs-r was maintained higher in organic fertilized plants than chemical fertilized ones and also higher in plants with EM applications than those without EM. The relatively high Ψs-r was contributed by both their large root amount and high root activity. As a consequence, photosynthesis under soil water deficit conditions were also maintained relatively high in these plants. Maintenance of a high Ψs-r favored plants to resist against water deficits. Moreover, the Ψs-r analysis is a practicable additional means to examine the soil-plant water status under undisturbed conditions.

Plant Growth of Processing Tomato （Solanum lycopersicum) Subjected to Water Deficit Regulated with Mulched Drip Irrigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2366-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Cun Wen ◽  
Heng Jia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of water deficit regulated with mulched drip irrigation on plant growth of processing tomato in an arid environment. The results indicated that Water deficit had little effect on plant height of processing tomato at full fruiting and late fruiting except that at seedling and flowering. Still, no effect of water deficit regulation on stem diameter was found at all measured growth stages. However, leaf area index and dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) reduced at all growth stages of tomato subjected to high water deficit at seedling. Therefore, low level of water deficit at seedling while free of deficit from flowering to late fruiting as well as proper levels of water deficit at flowering or full fruiting or late fruiting while free of deficit at seedling could be used to effectively regulate leaf growth and dry matter accumulation of processing tomato in arid areas.

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