The Practical Probability Analysis Methods for Stability of Landslide

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 1308-1311
Author(s):  
Qiang Hui Song ◽  
X. L. Li ◽  
Y. Y. Li ◽  
Y. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Probability Analysis ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Landslide Stability ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
User Friendly

As an important part of landslide risk assessment, hazard analysis which is based on the probability analysis of landslide stability have caught more and more attentions from researchers and engineers. While in landslide engineering, the uncertainties such as the variability and uncertainty inherent in the geotechnical properties are complex and different, so a single Factor of Safety calculated by traditional deterministic analyses methods can not represent the landslide stability exactly. To provide a more rational mathematical framework to incorporate different types of uncertainties in the landslide stability estimation, some practical probability analysis methods for stability of landslide were proposed, then the user-friendly implementing softwares were recommended. Finally, an application case was described to illustrate the approaches adopted and proved the correctness and feasibility of the proposed methods. The results show the proposed techniques can be applied widely.

scholarly journals Cell Bioprinting: The 3D-Bioplotter™ Case

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelats Lobo ◽  
Ginestra
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Available Information ◽  
User Friendly

The classic cell culture involves the use of support in two dimensions, such as a well plate or a Petri dish, that allows the culture of different types of cells. However, this technique does not mimic the natural microenvironment where the cells are exposed to. To solve that, three-dimensional bioprinting techniques were implemented, which involves the use of biopolymers and/or synthetic materials and cells. Because of a lack of information between data sources, the objective of this review paper is, to sum up, all the available information on the topic of bioprinting and to help researchers with the problematics with 3D bioprinters, such as the 3D-Bioplotter™. The 3D-Bioplotter™ has been used in the pre-clinical field since 2000 and could allow the printing of more than one material at the same time, and therefore to increase the complexity of the 3D structure manufactured. It is also very precise with maximum flexibility and a user-friendly and stable software that allows the optimization of the bioprinting process on the technological point of view. Different applications have resulted from the research on this field, mainly focused on regenerative medicine, but the lack of information and/or the possible misunderstandings between papers makes the reproducibility of the tests difficult. Nowadays, the 3D Bioprinting is evolving into another technology called 4D Bioprinting, which promises to be the next step in the bioprinting field and might promote great applications in the future.

Calibration of reliability-based safety factors for sand boiling in excavations

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-753
Author(s):  
Ignatius Tommy Pratama ◽  
Chang-Yu Ou ◽  
Jianye Ching
Keyword(s):  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Reliability Theory ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Target Probability ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Actual Factor ◽  
The Relationship

This study calibrated the required factors of safety of five analysis methods for sand boiling using reliability theory. The factors of safety computed by the five analysis methods were compared with the results of a series of sand boiling model tests. The comparison shows that rigorous methods (Terzaghi’s and Harza’s methods) were more accurate in predicting the factors of safety compared to the simplified methods (Harr’s, simplified Terzaghi’s, and simplified Harza’s methods). The statistics of the model factor for each method, defined as the actual factor of safety divided by the computed one, was calibrated by the model test results. These statistics were then used to establish the relationship between the target probability of failure and the required factor of safety by reliability theory. Verification using a full-scale sand boiling case history shows that the required factor of safety calibrated by the reliability theory was more reasonable than the required factors of safety in references and design codes.

scholarly journals Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Doyle ◽  
Michael Wang
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Different Types

The use of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, as carriers of biomarkers in extracellular spaces has been well demonstrated. Despite their promising potential, the use of exosomes in the clinical setting is restricted due to the lack of standardization in exosome isolation and analysis methods. The purpose of this review is to not only introduce the different types of extracellular vesicles but also to summarize their differences and similarities, and discuss different methods of exosome isolation and analysis currently used. A thorough understanding of the isolation and analysis methods currently being used could lead to some standardization in the field of exosomal research, allowing the use of exosomes in the clinical setting to become a reality.

scholarly journals Sedimentation coefficient distributions of large particles

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (14) ◽  
pp. 4400-4409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schuck
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Large Particles

A uniform mathematical framework for sedimentation coefficient distributions in analytical ultracentrifugation establishes new relationships and resolves differences in analysis methods.

Durability Enhancement of Concrete Using Nanomaterials: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
To Come ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

Different initiatives have evolved over the years to improve the durability of concrete, and one of the promising areas gaining attention in recent years is the use of nanomaterials in concrete. Though most of the applications of nanomaterials to improve the properties of concrete has been restricted to laboratory applications, it is anticipated that in few years to come more commercial and large-scale applications will ensue. This overview explored different types of nanomaterials already used in concrete and their effects on the durability of concrete. It was found out that nanosilica is the most used nanomaterial in concrete. And all types of nanomaterials currently used, enhance the durability of concrete significantly compared to other methods employed before the advent of nanomaterials in concrete. However, the use of other nanomaterials such as nanotitania and nanoalumina is attracting great attention. But the use of nanomaterials in concrete is faced by several challenges such as its high cost, production process, toxicity, etc. It is expected that with more research and application in the use of nanomaterials to enhance the properties of concrete, cheap and user-friendly nanomaterials can be developed. In addition, this review shows the possibility of enhancing the current durability properties with the use of nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Reporting Correct p Values in VEGAS Analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Hecker ◽  
Anna Maaser ◽  
Dmitry Prokopenko ◽  
Heide Loehlein Fier ◽  
Christoph Lange
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
P Values ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium Information ◽  
User Friendly

VEGAS (versatile gene-based association study) is a popular methodological framework to perform gene-based tests based on summary statistics from single-variant analyses. The approach incorporates linkage disequilibrium information from reference panels to account for the correlation of test statistics. The gene-based test can utilize three different types of tests. In 2015, the improved framework VEGAS2, using more detailed reference panels, was published. Both versions provide user-friendly web- and offline-based tools for the analysis. However, the implementation of the popular top-percentage test is erroneous in both versions. The p values provided by VEGAS2 are deflated/anti-conservative. Based on real data examples, we demonstrate that this can increase substantially the rate of false-positive findings and can lead to inconsistencies between different test options. We also provide code that allows the user of VEGAS to compute correct p values.

A Novel Framework for Landslide Risk Assessment in Mt. Umyeon, Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ba-Quang-Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Seung-Rae Lee ◽  
Yun-Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Physical Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Curve ◽  
Landslide Event ◽  
Landslide Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

<p>This study developed a novel landslide risk assessment framework to analyze landslide risk in Mt. Umyeon, Korea. The proposed framework included four main procedures: (1) Landslide hazard analysis using an ensemble statistical and physical model, (2) Analysis of physical vulnerability from vulnerability curve, (3) Analysis of physical vulnerability from semi-quantitative approach, (4) Risk index calculation from the results of previous steps using a proposed equation. The results of each step were compared to real landslide events occurred in July 2011 at Mt. Umyeon, Korea to confirm the reliability of the proposed risk assessment framework. The risk maps also were compared to real landslide event and showed that the proposed framework was successful in assessment of landslide risk at Mt. Umyeon, Korea. The new concept in landslide risk assessment of this study provides reliable decision-making in landslide risk assessment and management.</p>

scholarly journals Using the Mutation-Selection Framework to Characterize Selection on Protein Sequences

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Teufel ◽  
Andrew Ritchie ◽  
Claus Wilke ◽  
David Liberles
Keyword(s):  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Mechanistic Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Mutational Pressure ◽  
Generative Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Framework

When mutational pressure is weak, the generative process of protein evolution involves explicit probabilities of mutations of different types coupled to their conditional probabilities of fixation dependent on selection. Establishing this mechanistic modeling framework for the detection of selection has been a goal in the field of molecular evolution. Building on a mathematical framework proposed more than a decade ago, numerous methods have been introduced in an attempt to detect and measure selection on protein sequences. In this review, we discuss the structure of the original model, subsequent advances, and the series of assumptions that these models operate under.

scholarly journals Synaptic Dynamics as Convolutional Units

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Rossbroich ◽  
Daniel Trotter ◽  
Katalin Tóth ◽  
Richard Naud
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Likelihood Approach ◽  
Synaptic Dynamics ◽  
Nonlinear Operation

AbstractSynaptic dynamics differ markedly across connections and strongly regulate how action potentials are being communicated. To model the range of synaptic dynamics observed in experiments, we develop a flexible mathematical framework based on a linear-nonlinear operation. This model can capture various experimentally observed features of synaptic dynamics and different types of heteroskedasticity. Despite its conceptual simplicity, we show it is more adaptable than previous models. Combined with a standard maximum likelihood approach, synaptic dynamics can be accurately and efficiently characterized using naturalistic stimulation patterns. These results make explicit that synaptic processing bears algorithmic similarities with information processing in convolutional neural networks.Author summaryUnderstanding how information is transmitted relies heavily on knowledge of the underlying regulatory synaptic dynamics. Existing computational models for capturing such dynamics are often either very complex or too restrictive. As a result, effectively capturing the different types of dynamics observed experimentally remains a challenging problem. Here, we propose a mathematically flexible linear-nonlinear model that is capable of efficiently characterizing synaptic dynamics. We demonstrate the ability of this model to capture different features of experimentally observed data.

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