Durability Enhancement of Concrete Using Nanomaterials: An Overview
Different initiatives have evolved over the years to improve the durability of concrete, and one of the promising areas gaining attention in recent years is the use of nanomaterials in concrete. Though most of the applications of nanomaterials to improve the properties of concrete has been restricted to laboratory applications, it is anticipated that in few years to come more commercial and large-scale applications will ensue. This overview explored different types of nanomaterials already used in concrete and their effects on the durability of concrete. It was found out that nanosilica is the most used nanomaterial in concrete. And all types of nanomaterials currently used, enhance the durability of concrete significantly compared to other methods employed before the advent of nanomaterials in concrete. However, the use of other nanomaterials such as nanotitania and nanoalumina is attracting great attention. But the use of nanomaterials in concrete is faced by several challenges such as its high cost, production process, toxicity, etc. It is expected that with more research and application in the use of nanomaterials to enhance the properties of concrete, cheap and user-friendly nanomaterials can be developed. In addition, this review shows the possibility of enhancing the current durability properties with the use of nanomaterials.