Lubrication in Push-Through Bending on Bending of Aluminum Extrusion Section

2013 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 432-439
Author(s):  
Hidemitsu Hamano ◽  
Hisaki Watari
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Aluminum Extrusion ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Synthetic Ester ◽  
Bending Process ◽  
Lubrication Oil ◽  
Bending Mechanism

The push-through bending process can be regarded as a bending mechanism with two fixed diepoints and two movable diepoints, resulting in a total of four points. It can also be regarded as acontinuous four-points bending. As compared to other bending processes, there is severe friction at the contact area betweenthematerial and die in push-through bending. In this paper, we clarify different aspects of lubrication and research excellent lubrication oil in push-through bending. Based on theresultsobtained, it was found that adhesion occursdepending on the lubricant used and the occurring force. It was also confirmed, that olefin is effective as a remedy for oiliness, in case of using a mineral oil-based lubricant. In addition, it was confirmed that excellent lubrication oil could be obtained by increasing the alcohol content and adjusting the content of synthetic ester. This is a good alternative to the more expensive olefin.

Electrophysical properties of mixtures of mineral oil and synthetic ester dielectric liquid

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
M. N. Lyutikova ◽  
S. M. Korobeynikov ◽  
A. A. Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Loss Tangent ◽  
Dielectric Loss Tangent ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Synthetic Ester ◽  
Insulating Properties

Power transformers are key equipment in power generation, transmission, and distribution systems. The reliability of power transformers is based on the performance of the insulation system, which includes solid cellulose insulation and a liquid dielectric. Modern power engineering requires liquid insulation to have excellent insulating properties, high fire resistance, and biodegradability. Mineral oil that has been in use for over 100 years does not meet certain requirements. Therefore, various methods of enhancing the insulating properties of the oil are currently being considered, including mixing it with other liquid dielectrics, which have excellent properties. Synthetic and natural esters are considered as alternative fluids.This article discusses the possibility of enhancing the insulating characteristics of mineral oil with a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons (for example, T-750 oil) by mixing it with synthetic ester Midel 7131. Assessment is given of insulating parameters of the resulting mixtures with an ester fraction in mineral oil from 0% to fifty%. The main characteristics of the mixtures are described, such as density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, dielectric loss tangent, relative dielectric permittivity, breakdown voltage, and moisture content. It is shown that with an increase in the proportion of ester, some parameters of the obtained insulating liquid improve (flash point, dielectric constant, breakdown voltage), while values of other parameters (density, kinematic viscosity, dielectric loss tangent) with an ester content of more than 10% in the mixture do not meet the requirements for mineral oils.

scholarly journals Dielectric properties of natural ester, synthetic ester midel 7131 and mineral oil diala D

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 644-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jing ◽  
Igor Timoshkin ◽  
Mark Wilson ◽  
Martin Given ◽  
Scott Macgregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Synthetic Ester ◽  
Natural Ester

scholarly journals Effect of Moisture on the Thermal Conductivity of Cellulose and Aramid Paper Impregnated with Various Dielectric Liquids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Dombek ◽  
Zbigniew Nadolny ◽  
Piotr Przybylek ◽  
Radoslaw Lopatkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Marcinkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Synthetic Ester ◽  
Dielectric Liquids ◽  
Paper Insulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Ester

This paper presents the effect of the impact of moisture in paper insulation used as insulation of transformer windings on its thermal conductivity. Various types of paper (cellulose and aramid) and impregnated (mineral oil, synthetic ester, and natural ester) were tested. The impact of paper and impregnated types on the changes in thermal conductivity of paper insulation caused by an increase in moisture were analyzed. A linear equation, describing the changes in thermal conductivity due to moisture, for various types of paper and impregnated, was developed. The results of measuring the thermal conductivity of paper insulation depending on the temperature are presented. The aim of the study is to develop an experimental database to better understand the heat transport inside transformers to assess aging and optimize their performance.

Tribological Studies on Oscillating Bronze Bearings Lubricated With Environmentally Adapted Lubricants (EALs)

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ukonsaari ◽  
Elisabet Kassfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Bearing Material ◽  
Sliding Bearings ◽  
Synthetic Ester ◽  
Tin Bronze

Different compositions of bronze materials are used for sliding bearings in various applications including those involving oscillatory motion and moderate temperatures. The compatibility of new environmentally adapted synthetic esters with different contacting surface materials is important to ensure good tribological performance. The present work deals with tribological studies on oscillatory journal bearings manufactured with three different compositions of bronze materials lubricated with EALs under boundary lubricated conditions. Under certain operating conditions, dissolution of alloying constituents from the bronze bearing material dissolute into the synthetic ester lubricant occur leading to the formation of a copper enriched bearing surface layer. Tin-bronze with synthetic ester lubricant showed more stable friction values and roughly ten times better wear results than the harder aluminium- and manganese-bronze and also outperformed the mineral oil under the same conditions.

INFLUENCE OF ENGINE OIL ON THE FRICTION AND WEAR OF A SURFACE LAYER WITH BORON

Tribologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Janusz LUBAS ◽  
Wojciech SZCZYPIŃSKI-SALA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Bearing Alloy

The aim of the present work is to determine the influence of surface layers with boron and engine oil on the processes of friction and wear in friction pairs. The ring samples with a borided surface layer cooperated under test conditions with counterparts made with CuPb30 bearing alloy. During the tests, the friction pairs were lubricated with 15W/40 Lotos mineral oil and 5W/40 Lotos synthetic oil. The friction pairs lubricated by Lotos synthetic oil a generate stronger friction force and higher temperature in the contact area of friction pairs, as compared to the pairs lubricated by Lotos mineral oil. Lubrication of the friction pairs by mineral oil in the start-up phase causes faster stabilization of the friction conditions than in the case of lubrication by synthetic oil. The wear of bearing alloy was lower when lubricated by Lotos mineral oil than by Lotos synthetic oil. The process of friction in the contact area of the friction pair leads to the destruction of the lubricant and the reduction of its operational properties, especially at high temperatures.

Green Ester Lubricants Based on Rapeseed Acid and their Lubricity

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 988-992
Author(s):  
De Zhong Liao ◽  
Jie Yu He ◽  
Li Xin Mao ◽  
Yi Xue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Phthalic Anhydride ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Neopentyl Glycol ◽  
Synthetic Ester ◽  
Complex Ester

Several complex esters were synthesized from phthalic anhydride, neopentyl glycol and rapeseed acid. Their rheological properties, biodegradability and tribological properties were measured. It was found that the complex esters have a wide viscosity range of 126~325mm2/s at 40°C with viscosity indices about 127~143, and solidifying points lower than-38°C. The maximum non seizure load of a complex ester with degree of polymerization 1.42 is as high as 735 N, with a wear scar diameter of 0.41mm, superior to mineral oil. The biodegradation rates are higher than 73%, and the thermal stability is good. So these complex esters are a class of green synthetic ester oils with excellent properties.

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