Attaining Soot Oxidation Temperature by Inductive Coils Exposed to Electromagnetic Waves

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hanafiah Mat Jamlus ◽  
Zainal Ambri Abdul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Oxidation Temperature ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Steel Coil

This paper presents the findings in attaining soot oxidation temperature by using carbon steel coils exposed to electromagnetic waves. Soot are unburned carbon product in the exhaust gases during the combustion of diesel fuel, which are subjected to stringent emission regulations due to its harmful properties. The unburned carbon can be oxidised by heating as after-treatment strategy but in order for the oxidation to occur, it would require a temperature of not less than 600°C. In the present work, eight heating elements made from various carbon steel coil sizes were exposed to electromagnetic waves in the microwave oven cavity which heats up the coils to the oxidation temperature. Electromagnetic waves heating utilises electromagnetic radiation to induce electric field in a conductive material that causes the material to be heated. The microwave oven used has a power rating of 1000 W, with a microwave range of 2450 Mhz. Measurement of coils temperature and exposure time to electromagnetic waves were recorded and analysed. The results showed that only the coils with bigger coil loop size, i.e. 20 mm and lowest number of turns, i.e. 10 turns attained the threshold temperature of 600°C, while smaller diameter coil would accelerate the rate of heating. The findings from the research work are significant facts in the future development of in-situ exhaust gas after treatment system in reducing soot emissions.

Microwave filters on cavity resonators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Komarov ◽  
S.K. Bushanskiy ◽  
A.O. Churkin
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Microwave Filters ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Cavity Resonators ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽  
Technical Solutions

Waveguide and cavity microwave filters continue to be the most important components of high-power radio electronic systems. Cavity microwave filters are of great interest as a separate group of devices of this type. The fields of application of such filters are constantly expanding, and the variety of their design is quite large. In addition, the requirements for their electromagnetic characteristics and reliability are currently increasing. In this regard, it becomes necessary to analyze the already created designs of these devices and study the main trends of their improvement. The objective of the present study is to review the known technical solutions of bandpass filters, made on cavity resonators of the microwave range. An overview of the designs of devices for filtering electromagnetic waves on cavity resonators with coaxial and waveguide coupling elements of various frequency ranges is carried out. It is proposed to use the configuration of basic resonators as the main criterion for the classification of these devices. In accordance with this criterion, five groups of filters are considered: on rectangular, cylindrical, spherical, coaxial resonators, as well as on resonators of complex shape. The review makes it possible to analyze the features of the implementation of different technical solutions for bandpass microwave filters of medium and high power levels and to identify the main trends in the development of this area of research.

Interpass Temperature Affecting Abrasive Wear Resistance of SMAW Hard-Faced Weld Metal on JIS-S50C Carbon Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surat Triwanapong ◽  
Sivakorn Angthong ◽  
Kittipong Kimapong
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Metal Layer ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Carbon Steel Surface ◽  
Metal Wear ◽  
Interpass Temperature

This research work aimed to study an effect of interpass temperature on a wear resistance of a hard-faced weld metal on JIS-S50C carbon steel surface. The experimental results were found that the increase of the interpass temperature resulted in the increase of the grain size, the decrease of the hardness, and the decrease of wear resistance of the hard-face weld metal. Low interpass temperature affected to increase the residual stress inducing the cracking on the interface between the first weld metal layer and the base metal. Wear surface composed the crater and the groove wear traces that showed the different evidence of the failed off metal particles. The lower wear rate was found at the location where contained high amount of the reinforced elements such as chromium, silicon and manganese. The lowest weight loss of 0.89% could be obtained with an application of the optimum interpass temperature of 150 °C.

Rolling Contact Fatigue Crack Initiation in a 0.3 per cent Carbon Steel

1968 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fatigue Crack Initiation ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Published Research

The results of a number of pitting experiments carried out over some years on a particular combination of steels led the author to the conclusion that the pre-pitting crack was initiated by asperity interactions. The results of the detailed examination of the specimens from a number of tests are presented. They provide quantitative evidence in support of the hypothesis which was first published by S. Way in 1937. It is shown that the hypothesis is compatible with various recently published research work on pitting in through hardened and soft steels of the type used in gearing.

scholarly journals Weight Optimization of Roller Shaft of Pad Steam Machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7616-7623
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Weight Optimization ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Stiffness Characteristic ◽  
Steel Aisi

the roller shaft of a continuous pad steam machine suddenly appeared the abnormal when it was running condition in textile industry which effects on maintenance of machine, time, cost, productivity importance etc. This paper present the material analysis, weight optimization and stiffness characteristic of roller shaft of pad steam machine maintaining the integrity of the specifications. A 3D model is created in Catia V5RI to mating to design, optimization and finite element analysis of roller shaft used in pad steam machine which is made of carbon steel material. The FEA was done in HYPER WORK software (Nastran & Optistruct) in two parts preprocessing and post processing by using four different materials based on their composition viz. Carbon steel AISI 1040, EN8, EN24, and AISI 6150. The parameter like von misses stress, deformation; maximum and minimum principal stress & strain were obtained from analysis Software. Santosh D Dalvi et. al. also worked on this system in 2017 by comparison of existing and new material AISI 1040. FEA show that the EN24 Material is best suggested material among all also find out results like weight and stiffness parameter. It is resulted of 12.527 % of weight with reduction in deformation. Performed two mechanical test i.e. tensile test and hardness test as per ASTM on sample specimens; results show that the strength and hardness are within the limit. This research work is improving shaft parameters which are used in textile industry, heavy duty application etc.

scholarly journals Simulation and Optimization of Electromagnetic Absorption of Polycarbonate/CNT Composites Using Machine Learning

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Lakhdar Sidi Salah ◽  
Mohamed Chouai ◽  
Yann Danlée ◽  
Isabelle Huynen ◽  
Nassira Ouslimani
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Calculation Time ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Electromagnetic Absorption

Electronic devices that transmit, distribute, or utilize electrical energy create electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can lead to malfunctioning and degradation of electronic devices. EMI shielding materials block the unwanted electromagnetic waves from reaching the target material. EMI issues can be solved by using a new family of building blocks constituted of polymer and nanofillers. The electromagnetic absorption index of this material is calculated by measuring the “S-parameters”. In this article, we investigated the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the EMI shielding field by developing a new system based on a multilayer perceptron neural network designed to predict the electromagnetic absorption of polycarbonate-carbon nanotubes composites films. The proposed system included 15 different multilayer perception (MLP) networks; each network was specialized to predict the absorption value of a specific category sample. The selection of appropriate networks was done automatically, using an independent block. Optimization of the hyper-parameters using hold-out validation was required to ensure the best results. To evaluate the performance of our system, we calculated the similarity error, precision accuracy, and calculation time. The results obtained over our database showed clearly that the system provided a very good result with an average accuracy of 99.7997%, with an overall average calculation time of 0.01295 s. The composite based on polycarbonate−5 wt.% carbon nanotube was found to be the ultimate absorber over microwave range according to Rozanov formalism.

Контроль диэлектрической проницаемости и толщины анизотропных диэлектрических покрытий методом поверхностных электромагнитных волн

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
А.И. Казьмин ◽  
П.А. Федюнин ◽  
Д.П. Федюнин
Keyword(s):  
Complex Permittivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Permittivity Tensor ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
Dielectric Coatings ◽  
Statistical Limit ◽  
Search And Selection

The widespread use of anisotropic composite dielectric coatings operating in the microwave range in various science-intensive areas has led to the search and selection of effective methods of radio wave nondestructive testing of their electrophysical parameters. The existing approaches based on the estimation of the reflection and transmission coefficients of electromagnetic waves have low accuracy and reliability of estimating the components of the complex permittivity tensor and the thickness of such coatings, do not take into account their frequency dispersion and placement on a metal base. We present the new method of local measurements of components of the complex permittivity tensor with allowance for their frequency dispersion and a thickness anisotropic dielectric coatings with radial surface microwaves. The method is based on the solution of inverse problem in the determination of components of the complex permittivity tensor and a thickness coatings from the frequency and angular dependence of the attenuation coefficient of the field of a radial surface electromagnetic wave excited in a test sample. A numerical and experimental study show that for a measurement bandwidth of 9–13,5 GHz the errors in estimating the anisotropy coefficients do not exceed 10% with a confidence coefficient of 0.95. We introduce and substantiate a statistical limit of the resolution of the anisotropy of permittivity; this makes it possible to evaluate the possibility of discriminating between two close values any pair of components of the permittivity tensor. Numerical and field experiments have shown that the method can provide their assessment with a difference of 0.2–0.3% or less in the frequency band of 9–13.5 GHz.

Influence of Cavitation Intensity on the Relative Cavitation Resistance of Laser Processed C45 Carbon Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Marek Szkodo
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Cavitation Resistance ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Cavitation Intensity

This work presents investigations of relative cavitation resistance of carbon steel (C45) at the initial stage of erosion, after melting its surface by 6 kW CO2 laser beam. The research work was carried out on the rotating disk facility. Three areas were determined on the surface of investigated sample. Each area was eroded with different intensity. The procedures were elaborated for calculation of resistance of processed surface to plastic deformation under cavitation loading and of relative intensity of cavitation using image analysis of monochromatic picture of eroded surface. The results indicate that increase of cavitation loading intensity results in decrease of relative cavitation resistance.

scholarly journals Model of Electromagnetic Emitter Based on a Stream of Single Electrons inside Curved Carbon Nanotube

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
N. A. Poklonski ◽  
S. A. Vyrko ◽  
A. T. Vlassov ◽  
A. I. Siahlo ◽  
S. V. Ratkevich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Electron Flux ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Classical Electrodynamics ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Antenna Size ◽  
Single Electrons

The problems of elaboration and application of microand nanometer sized antennas for the generation and reception of electromagnetic radiation is still relevant in both fundamental and applied aspects. With decreasing antenna size, the frequency of electromagnetic radiation increases, and its power decreases. To increase the radiation power, the periodic (in space) electrodynamic structures are used. The aim of the work is to find the possibility of application of injection and (quasi)ballistic drift of single electrons inside curved carbon nanotubes for emission of electromagnetic waves in the microwave range and to determine the parameters of the radiating system that affect the radiation power.By the calculation within the framework of classical electrodynamics it is shown the possibility in principle of generation of electromagnetic radiation of the gigahertz range by a stream of single electrons inside a hollow curved dielectric carbon nanotube.It was found that the spectrum and power of this radiation can be controlled by varying the electron flux density, length and curvature of the hollow nanotube.The results of the work can be applied for elaboration of a microminiature emitter of microwave electromagnetic radiation based on a curved carbon nanotube in the engineering of contactless probe microscopy.

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