Establishment and Improvement of New Theory on Long-Term Mechanism of Environmental Protection in Rural China

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 6003-6006
Author(s):  
En Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Environmental Events

In recent years, China's environmental events frequently, compared with the urban environment, rural environmental issues become more prominent. CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to environmental protection in rural areas, and use it as a major event in the catch. Country according to their actual situation, expanding public education, a sound system, take a number of concrete measures to increase rural environmental protection efforts. However, the environmental situation in rural China is still not optimistic, even to 012 years, is still emerging environmental pollution accidents occur. Therefore, China must establish long-term mechanism to improve environmental protection in rural areas, however, the establishment of this mechanism is also currently facing many practical difficulties. Therefore, we must take comprehensive measures to a comprehensive, systematic, establish and improve long-term mechanism of environmental protection in rural China. In recent years, many places around the development of agro-ecological safety targets, accelerating the construction of pollution-free agricultural base, efforts to change by a large number of chemical fertilizers, spraying pesticides to increase agricultural production in the extensive mode of production, through the implementation of soil engineering, soil testing and fertilizer implementation technology, to promote efficiency and low toxicity pesticides, expanding manure, organic fertilizer area and other measures, the agricultural non-point source pollution has been a certain amount of control. Fifth, rural environment to bear fruit. In recent years, initially obtained by the comprehensive improvement of rural environment, rural life garbage pollution, rural industrial enterprises to curb pollution.

scholarly journals The Urban-rural Continuum: A New Approach to the Future Planning for Rural China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Mao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
City Community ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Sustainable Planning

China’s urbanization has brought benefits to cities, but the price is the deterioration of the urban ecological environment. As a result of long-term urban-rural dualism, China has actively supported cities, and then cities have occupied nature-based rural areas. Even though China has been aware of the ecological deterioration and has issued rural ecological policies, there is still the existing contradiction between urban expansion and rural protection development. China’s future planning will place greater emphasis on rural areas, and people have just entered the exploration phase. In this regard, the theory of “the urban-rural continuum” proposed by an American anthropologist William Skinner is extended to the field of architecture and planning to explore a sustainable method of urban-rural development. It offers a spatial model to describe China’s traditional social structure, from villages to cities, combined by the community of a standard market town.  It underlies a polycentric model with a communal structure that can further balance the urban-rural relationships and realize the sustainable development in the countryside. Keywords: the urban-rural continuum, green city, community, sustainable planning, rural heritage

Suicide Means Used by the Older Adults in Rural China: A Comparison Between Those Using Pesticides and Other Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
Rong-Ting Zhu ◽  
Zhenyu Ma ◽  
Cunxian Jia ◽  
Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
History Of ◽  
At Home

Background: The most frequently used means of committing suicide was pesticide poisoning in rural China, yet little is known about the characteristics and risk factors for suicides committed with pesticides compared to those committed via other means in older adults. Methods: The participants were 242 older adults (aged 60 or older) who had committed suicide in the rural areas of 3 provinces (Shandong, Hunan, and Guangxi) in China. This study was conducted using the psychological autopsy (PA) method. Results: In univariate analyses, no statistically significant differences were found between those who committed suicide with pesticide or with other means in terms of demographic and clinical variables except age, prevalence of mental disorders, suicidal intent, number of recent life events, social support, hopelessness, impulsivity, and depressive symptoms ( P > .05); age, history of suicide attempts, having pesticides available at home, the total number of life events, and the number of long-term life events were significantly different ( P < .05) between the 2 groups. In multivariate logistic regression model, the factors associated with committing suicide with pesticides were the availability of pesticides at home (odds ratio [OR] = 3.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.99-6.08) and the number of long-term life events (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.97). Conclusion: The older adults who committed suicide by pesticides and those using other means are probably the same population. The main determinant of choosing pesticides as suicide means was likely the availability of pesticides at home. Suicide risk among older adults might be reduced by placing appropriate restrictions on access to pesticides.

Impacts of Rural Development and Their Assessment in Southeastern Asia

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Lohani ◽  
N. C. Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Major Development

The overall objective of development should be to improve the quality of people's lives, yet economic development without due environmental protection commonly leads to ecological or environmental impacts which have the reverse effect of reducing the quality of human life. A table showing some of the major environmental impacts that can result from uncontrolled rural development is presented to illustrate the fact that developmental activities with no environmental protection can be very seriously detrimental to the rural environment. Therefore, an environmental impact assessment, both short-term and long-term in scope, should be made of any major development scheme as a basis for drawing up strategies for minimizing undesirable impacts. Although a number of techniques are available for such impact assessment, the checklist and matrix approaches appear to be the most suitable for use in Southeast Asia, where impact studies are only just beginning to be introduced.

scholarly journals Prioritize the Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas, and Comprehensively Promote Rural Revitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Zihan Li ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socialist Country ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
The City ◽  
General Secretary

Without agricultural and rural modernization, there would be no national modernization, and without rural revitalization, there would be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that the goal of “giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization” is to increase efforts to continue the work of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” and to continue the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization to make agricultural modernization, comprehensive rural progress, and comprehensive rural development. develop. Consolidating the basics Agriculture is the cornerstone of people’s stability and the key to national governance with a population of 1.4 billion. Agriculture must be developed. No matter where industrialization and urbanization are advanced, villages must not perish, and cities and rural areas must coexist. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, if in the process of modernization, “the city is prosperous on one side and the countryside is on the other side”, “this kind of modernization cannot be successful”. To comprehensively build a new path for a modern socialist country, we must follow the objective laws of economic development, make the resolution of “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” the top priority of the party’s work, insist on giving priority to development, and comprehensively promote rural revitalization. The general trend of taking the realization of socialist modernization as the long-term goal.

An Analysis of Restraints on Effective Demand for Loans in Rural China

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
Minxin He ◽  
Xinyu Zhong ◽  
Shengsong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Choice

China’s overall economic growth is, to a great extent, hindered by the lack of economic growth in rural areas. Based on data from the Thousand-Village Survey (2015) of 31 provinces conducted by Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, we conduct this empirical study to analyze the current state of rural financial services and the factors influencing effective demand for loans in rural China. Looking at the demand side, in 2014, only 13.91% farmers had loans, and only 15.53% of them made financial institutions their first choice when they needed loans. Clearly, there is still much to do with regard to inclusive finance. From the perspective of the supply side, only 43.86% of dispersed loans can be categorized as productive loans, further reflecting that the financial services industry does not provide strong support for rural economic growth. Further study shows that the main factors influencing effective demand for productive loans are the population age structure and the rate at which migrant workers return home. Therefore, the "Second-Child" policy and policies that encourage migrant workers to go back home to start businesses are of vital importance in order to raise effective financial demand in rural China.

scholarly journals Does Social Support Affect the Health of the Elderly in Rural China? A Meta-Analysis Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natuya Zhuori ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Yu Cui ◽  
Minjuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact

As the trend of aging in rural China has intensified, research on the factors affecting the health of the elderly in rural areas has become a hot issue. However, the conclusions of existing studies are inconsistent and even contradictory, making it difficult to form constructive policies with practical value. To explore the reasons for the inconsistent conclusions drawn by relevant research, in this paper we constructed a meta-regression database based on 65 pieces of relevant literature published in the past 25 years. For more valid samples to reduce publication bias, we also set the statistical significance of social support to the health of the elderly in rural areas as a dependent variable. Finally, combined with multi-dimensional social support and its implications for the health of the elderly, meta-regression analysis was carried out on the results of 171 empirical studies. The results show that (1) subjective support rather than objective support can have a significant impact on the health of the elderly in rural areas, and there is no significant difference between other dimensions of social support and objective support; (2) the health status of the elderly in rural areas in samples involving western regions is more sensitive to social support than that in samples not involving the western regions; (3) among the elderly in rural areas, social support for the older male elderly is more likely to improve their health than that for the younger female elderly; and (4) besides this, both data sources and econometric models greatly affect the heterogeneity of the effect of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas, but neither the published year nor the journal is significant. Finally, relevant policies and follow-up studies on the impact of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas are discussed.

scholarly journals Digital Technologies To Enhance Social Connectedness in Long-Term Care Facilities During COVID-19: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 942-943
Author(s):  
Shannon Freeman ◽  
Aderonke Abgoji ◽  
Alanna Koopmans ◽  
Christopher Ross
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities

Abstract A consequence of the strict visitor restrictions implemented by many Long-term Care Facilities (LTCFs), during the COVID-19 pandemic, was the exacerbation of loneliness and social isolation felt by older adult residents. While there had been a shift by some persons to utilize digital solutions to mitigate the effects of the imposed social isolation, many facilities did not have sufficient information regarding available solutions to implement institutional strategies to support social connectedness through digital solutions. To support our partners in evidence-based policy-making we conducted a scoping review to identify existing virtual technology solutions, apps, and platforms feasible to promote social connectedness among persons residing in a long-term care facility context during times of lockdown such as experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Initial identification of relevant literature involved a combination of keywords and subject headings searches within 5 databases (PubMed, CINAHL EBSCO, PsychINFO EBSCO, Embase OVIDSP, and Web of Science ISI). DistillerSR was used to screen, chart and summarize the data. There is growth in the availability of technologies focused on promoting health and well-being in later life for persons in long-term care facilities however a gap remains in widespread uptake. We will describe the breadth of technologies identified in this review and discuss how they vary in utility in smaller scale facilities common in rural areas. Of the technologies that can be used to mitigate the impacts of social isolation felt by long-term care residents, many “solutions” depend on stable highspeed internet, which remains a challenge in rural and northern areas.

Phytoplankton Adaptation to Environmental Stresses from Toxicants, Nutrients, and Pollutants — a Warning

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 2089-2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Stockner ◽  
Naval J. Antia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Pollutant Concentration ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Test Chemical ◽  
Successful Adaptation ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Chronic Pollution

Examples are cited from the literature of phytoplankton-related pollution and nutrition studies where the possibility of successful adaptation and subsequent growth could have been overlooked because of insufficient duration of algal exposure to the pollutant or nutrient tested. We present evidence from our investigations where: a) initial algal exposures as long as 20–40 days to the pollutant or alternative nutrient may be required for successful adaptation, and b) phytoplankters initially tolerating only a low level of pollutant concentration could be trained to accept severalfold higher levels by repeated exposure to gradually increasing pollutant concentration A plea is made for future investigators to recognize the importance of long-term bioassays ascertaining algal potential for adaptation, in order that their results may be ecologically realistic for the purpose of environmental protection against chronic pollution and eutrophication. The short-term "shock" response should be clearly distinguished from the long-term habituation response of phytoplankters to the test chemical in these bioassays. Possible problems raising questionable objections to the long-term bioassay approach are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Community Resilience in Rural China—Taking Licheng Subdistrict, Guangzhou as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5827
Author(s):  
Jianhong Fan ◽  
You Mo ◽  
Yunnan Cai ◽  
Yabo Zhao ◽  
Dongchen Su
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Local Sustainability

Resilience of rural communities is becoming increasingly important to contemporary society. In this study we used a quantitative method to measure the resilience regulating ability of rural communities close to urban areas—in Licheng Subdistrict, Guangzhou City, China. The main results are as follows: (1) Rural systems close to urban areas display superior adapting and learning abilities and have a stronger overall resilience strength, the spatial distribution of which is characterized by dispersion in whole and aggregation in part; (2) the resilience of most rural economic subsystems can reach moderate or higher levels with apparent spatial agglomeration, whilst the ecological subsystem resilience and social resilience are generally weaker; the spatial distribution of the former shows a greater regional difference while the latter is in a layered layout; (3) some strategies such as rebuilding a stable ecological pattern, making use of urban resources and cultivating rural subjectivity are proposed on this basis, in order to promote the sustainable development of rural areas and realize rural revitalization. This work also gives suggestion for the creation of appropriate and effective resilience standards specifically targeted for rural community-aiming to achieve the delivery of local sustainability goals.

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