scholarly journals The Urban-rural Continuum: A New Approach to the Future Planning for Rural China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Mao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
City Community ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Sustainable Planning

China’s urbanization has brought benefits to cities, but the price is the deterioration of the urban ecological environment. As a result of long-term urban-rural dualism, China has actively supported cities, and then cities have occupied nature-based rural areas. Even though China has been aware of the ecological deterioration and has issued rural ecological policies, there is still the existing contradiction between urban expansion and rural protection development. China’s future planning will place greater emphasis on rural areas, and people have just entered the exploration phase. In this regard, the theory of “the urban-rural continuum” proposed by an American anthropologist William Skinner is extended to the field of architecture and planning to explore a sustainable method of urban-rural development. It offers a spatial model to describe China’s traditional social structure, from villages to cities, combined by the community of a standard market town.  It underlies a polycentric model with a communal structure that can further balance the urban-rural relationships and realize the sustainable development in the countryside. Keywords: the urban-rural continuum, green city, community, sustainable planning, rural heritage

scholarly journals Evaluation of Community Resilience in Rural China—Taking Licheng Subdistrict, Guangzhou as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5827
Author(s):  
Jianhong Fan ◽  
You Mo ◽  
Yunnan Cai ◽  
Yabo Zhao ◽  
Dongchen Su
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Local Sustainability

Resilience of rural communities is becoming increasingly important to contemporary society. In this study we used a quantitative method to measure the resilience regulating ability of rural communities close to urban areas—in Licheng Subdistrict, Guangzhou City, China. The main results are as follows: (1) Rural systems close to urban areas display superior adapting and learning abilities and have a stronger overall resilience strength, the spatial distribution of which is characterized by dispersion in whole and aggregation in part; (2) the resilience of most rural economic subsystems can reach moderate or higher levels with apparent spatial agglomeration, whilst the ecological subsystem resilience and social resilience are generally weaker; the spatial distribution of the former shows a greater regional difference while the latter is in a layered layout; (3) some strategies such as rebuilding a stable ecological pattern, making use of urban resources and cultivating rural subjectivity are proposed on this basis, in order to promote the sustainable development of rural areas and realize rural revitalization. This work also gives suggestion for the creation of appropriate and effective resilience standards specifically targeted for rural community-aiming to achieve the delivery of local sustainability goals.

scholarly journals The Inspiration of European Countries’ Rural Value Orientation to China’s Rural Revitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Yong-Sheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Rural Construction ◽  
Selection Of

The economy of European countries developed rapidly after the Western Industrial Revolution, and the rural areas of European countries also experienced long-term failure and depression. In the process of urbanization construction, the rural construction also faced many problems. In particular, after the urbanization rate exceeded 50%, European countries took targeted measures to revitalize rural areas in response to many problems in rural development, promoting the development process of urban-rural integration. Especially in Europe in the value orientation in the process of rural construction, there are many worth learning and using for reference of experience, in this paper, the European countries value index selection of rural construction, and implementation of rural construction scheme under this value orientation [1] research summary, draw lessons from the mature experience of the European countries rural construction, combined with China’s national conditions related to rural revitalization of advice are put forward.

scholarly journals The need to consolidate land in villages of Central Poland based on the example of Zharnovskaya community

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Justyna Wojcik-Len ◽  
◽  
Karol Noga ◽  
Karol Ozog ◽  
Przemyslaw Len ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Business Entities

The article notes that in rural areas, re-development is necessary to ensure the sustainable development of specific area. The authors believe that it is possible to improve the farm structure by enlarging them by combining small business entities or providing another land plot in exchange. Such works will result in achievement of the desired structural change, only if it is implemented systematically and becomes a permanent element of long-term rural administration policy. Measures related to the consolidation and equivalent exchange of land plots should be introduced comprehensively and unambiguously in combination with subsequent development of such territories. Only then can the intended goal be fully achieved, that is, improvement of their spatial structure. Taking into account the limited funds, it is necessary to develop a strategy in order to identify the regions for community, districts or voivodships in which such activities should be carried out on a priority basis. Determination of lands for unification must be well thought, rational and, above all, it is necessary that the effect of such work brings measurable results for the country's agricultural policy. The survey ranked 32 characteristics which are specific to each village using the zero unitarization method and Hellwig method. The results of surveys carried out in 41 settlements of the Zharnovskaya community with a total area of 14 106.91 hectares, divided into 22 638 cadastral plots, are presented. The study area is located in central Poland.

Establishment and Improvement of New Theory on Long-Term Mechanism of Environmental Protection in Rural China

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 6003-6006
Author(s):  
En Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Environmental Events

In recent years, China's environmental events frequently, compared with the urban environment, rural environmental issues become more prominent. CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to environmental protection in rural areas, and use it as a major event in the catch. Country according to their actual situation, expanding public education, a sound system, take a number of concrete measures to increase rural environmental protection efforts. However, the environmental situation in rural China is still not optimistic, even to 012 years, is still emerging environmental pollution accidents occur. Therefore, China must establish long-term mechanism to improve environmental protection in rural areas, however, the establishment of this mechanism is also currently facing many practical difficulties. Therefore, we must take comprehensive measures to a comprehensive, systematic, establish and improve long-term mechanism of environmental protection in rural China. In recent years, many places around the development of agro-ecological safety targets, accelerating the construction of pollution-free agricultural base, efforts to change by a large number of chemical fertilizers, spraying pesticides to increase agricultural production in the extensive mode of production, through the implementation of soil engineering, soil testing and fertilizer implementation technology, to promote efficiency and low toxicity pesticides, expanding manure, organic fertilizer area and other measures, the agricultural non-point source pollution has been a certain amount of control. Fifth, rural environment to bear fruit. In recent years, initially obtained by the comprehensive improvement of rural environment, rural life garbage pollution, rural industrial enterprises to curb pollution.

scholarly journals Social Policy Reforms and Economic Distances in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-168
Author(s):  
Qin Gao ◽  
Sui Yang ◽  
Fuhua Zhai ◽  
Yake Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Redistributive Effects

Using CHIP data for 2002, 2007, and 2013, this chapter examines the effects of social policy reforms on the economic distance between rich and poor households in the urban, rural, and migrant sectors. In the urban sector, pensions consistently narrowed economic distances, whereas other social benefits—health insurance, social assistance, supplementary income, and in-kind benefits—had little redistributive impact. Social benefits in both the rural and migrant sectors changed from being regressive in 2002 to becoming progressive in 2013. In the rural areas, benefits in 2013 from agricultural and livelihood subsidies played the most significant redistributive role; private transfers also narrowed economic distances. Among migrants in 2013, health benefits and taxes and fees narrowed economic distances, although less so than among rural residents. Despite the expansion of social policies during this period, in both urban and rural China market forces trumped the redistributive effects of the social benefits.

scholarly journals Urban-rural differences in long-term care service status and needs among home-based elderly people in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangwen Zhang ◽  
Yanbing Zeng ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Lixia Wang ◽  
Ya Fang
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Young Old

Abstract Background: Long-term care (LTC) needs for the elderly have become increasingly crucial policy concerns in rapidly aging Asia, especially in China, the most populous nation. However, very few studies have examined the cohort differences in terms of their existing and expected utilization of LTC services, above all urban-rural differences. This study aims to evaluate the differences of LTC current status and needs between urban-rural areas and to identify influencing factors causing the different LTC needs. Methods: The data comes from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey in 2014. 7192 home-based elderly aged ≥65 years by multistage sampling were enrolled. The Andersen Model was applied to categorize the influential factors into three components including predisposing, enabling and needs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influential factors of the three levels of LTC needs. Results: A total of 6909 valid sample sizes were included in this study. The overall LTC needs of the elderly showed a rapidly increasing trend among which older people had the highest needs for bathing (27.29%) and toileting (15.8%). It was also demonstrated the aged cohort between urban and rural exerted an impact on all aspects of LTC status and needs to varying degrees (P＜0.05). Compared with urban areas, the LTC needs for the elderly in rural areas was more vigorous, but the supply was seriously inadequate. The elderly who were older, living in rural areas, unmarried, non-farming, with low income, in poor health, and less autonomy had higher anticipated needs for LTC services (ORs>1, P＜0.01). Compared with the young-old in rural, the young-old in urban were prone to live alone (ORs=1.61, P＜0.01). The elderly who were older, living in rural areas, farming, with low income, lonely and depressed had higher anticipated needs for community-based services (1＜ORs＜1.69, P＜0.05).Conclusions: The aged cohort in urban-rural distinction were facing an increasing need of immediate care due to the inadequate supports being provided, especially among rural elderly. The oldest old in rural areas had higher LTC needs, and different levels of needs were affected by age, economic level, family support and health status and other related effects. This study provides evidence-based recommendation for further improving the construction and development of the LTC system in China.

scholarly journals Multi-scalar geographies of polarisation and peripheralisation: A case study of Czechia

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Šimon
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatial Level ◽  
Social Polarisation ◽  
Peripheral Areas

AbstractA key issue in socio-economic geography is to understand how regional and social polarisation shapes the territorial organisation of society. We argue that effects of polarisation are not translated simply and straightforwardly in a whole region, but vary to a large extent with respect to different types of accessibility areas. We applied the time-accessibility framework to classify a territory into urban, peri-urban, rural, and remote rural areas at a national and regional scale. Subsequently, we computed comparative indicators for this territorial classification, measuring three dimensions of peripherality for a period of thirty years. The analysis illustrates how polarisation and peripheralisation works at a detailed spatial level. A case study of the Ústí region shows re-polarisation and bi-polarisation of the region in its path from socialist urbanisation in the 1980s to regional peripheralisation in 2011. The use of the time-accessibility framework allows to assess regional changes within long-term and broader changes of core-periphery relations at national level and thus allows for a better understanding of the different nature of socialist and post-socialist peripheries. Finally, the article offers methodical procedures and tools allowing for a comparable research of polarisation and peripheralisation. Thus, it is responding to the call for more comparative research of peripheral areas in Europe.

Suicide Means Used by the Older Adults in Rural China: A Comparison Between Those Using Pesticides and Other Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
Rong-Ting Zhu ◽  
Zhenyu Ma ◽  
Cunxian Jia ◽  
Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
History Of ◽  
At Home

Background: The most frequently used means of committing suicide was pesticide poisoning in rural China, yet little is known about the characteristics and risk factors for suicides committed with pesticides compared to those committed via other means in older adults. Methods: The participants were 242 older adults (aged 60 or older) who had committed suicide in the rural areas of 3 provinces (Shandong, Hunan, and Guangxi) in China. This study was conducted using the psychological autopsy (PA) method. Results: In univariate analyses, no statistically significant differences were found between those who committed suicide with pesticide or with other means in terms of demographic and clinical variables except age, prevalence of mental disorders, suicidal intent, number of recent life events, social support, hopelessness, impulsivity, and depressive symptoms ( P > .05); age, history of suicide attempts, having pesticides available at home, the total number of life events, and the number of long-term life events were significantly different ( P < .05) between the 2 groups. In multivariate logistic regression model, the factors associated with committing suicide with pesticides were the availability of pesticides at home (odds ratio [OR] = 3.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.99-6.08) and the number of long-term life events (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.97). Conclusion: The older adults who committed suicide by pesticides and those using other means are probably the same population. The main determinant of choosing pesticides as suicide means was likely the availability of pesticides at home. Suicide risk among older adults might be reduced by placing appropriate restrictions on access to pesticides.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Partnerships for SDG Transformations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4947 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Horan
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Partnership Formation ◽  
Implementation Problem ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Short Time

Recent scientific reports highlight the urgent need for transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and long-term sustainability. This paper presents a new approach to partnerships that focuses on their role in transformations, the types of partnerships that may be needed and their enabling environment. It introduces transformation effectiveness as a criterion to evaluate a portfolio of partnerships and pathways as a tool to frame discussion of required partnerships. Guided by energy decarbonization and using a simple model of partnership formation, I highlight a (potential) mismatch between the types of partnerships required for transformation and the partnership types arising under the currently dominant voluntary approach. The model suggests the bottom-up approach can deliver some, but not all, of the partnerships needed. Five specific problems are identified—compensation for losers, partnering capacity, short-time horizons, inadequate coordination mechanisms and misaligned incentives. The paper then outlines some policy tools—transfers, regulation, public investment—governments could use to strengthen the bottom-up framework and orchestrate missing partnerships. The conclusion addresses two problems specific to the transformation approach: how to identify more systematically the partnerships needed (identification problem) and how to implement them (implementation problem); and outlines some ways to deal with these—science, deliberation, international leadership coalitions and frameworks/monitoring systems for transition partnerships.

scholarly journals Urban–Rural Differences in Long-Term Care Service Status and Needs Among Home-Based Elderly People in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1701
Author(s):  
Liangwen Zhang ◽  
Yanbing Zeng ◽  
Lixia Wang ◽  
Ya Fang
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Young Old

Background: Long-term care (LTC) needs for the elderly have become increasingly crucial policy concerns in rapidly aging Asia, especially in China, the most populous nation. However, very few studies have examined the cohort differences in terms of their existing and expected utilization of LTC services, above all urban–rural differences. This study aims to evaluate the differences of LTC current status and needs between urban–rural areas and age groups, and to identify influencing factors causing the different LTC needs. Methods: The data come from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey in 2014. A total of 7192 home-based elderly aged ≥65 years by multistage sampling were enrolled. The Andersen Model was applied to categorize the influential factors into three components including predisposing, enabling and needs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influential factors of the three levels of LTC needs. Results: A total of 6909 valid sample sizes were included in this study. The overall LTC needs of the elderly showed a rapidly increasing trend among which older people had the highest needs for bathing (27.29%) and toileting (15.8%). It was also demonstrated the aged cohort between urban and rural exerted an impact on all aspects of LTC status and needs to varying degrees (p < 0.05). Compared with urban areas, the LTC needs for the elderly in rural areas was more vigorous, but the supply was seriously inadequate. The elderly who were older, living in rural areas, unmarried, non-farming, with low income, in poor health and having less autonomy had higher anticipated needs for LTC services (OR > 1, p < 0.01). Compared with the young-old in rural areas, the young-old in urban areas were prone to live alone (OR = 1.61, p < 0.01). The elderly who were older, living in rural areas, farming, with low income, lonely and depressed had higher anticipated needs for community-based services (1 < OR < 1.69, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The aged cohort in urban–rural distinction were facing an increasing need for immediate care due to the inadequate support being provided, especially among rural elderly. The oldest elderly in rural areas had higher LTC needs, and different levels of needs were affected by age, economic level, family support, health status and other related effects. This study provides evidence-based recommendation for further improving the construction and development of the LTC system in China.

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