Temporal and Spatial SST (Sea Surface Temperature) Distribution and its Impact on Chlorophyll - A Concentration in Southern Ocean during 2002-2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1197-1200
Author(s):  
Chen Zeng ◽  
Hui Ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Prydz Bay ◽  
Amundsen Sea ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has great impact on algae growth in ocean. And the variation of SST closely relate with global climate. As 1/5 of the greatest ocean, southern ocean SST temporal and spatial distribution needs wide attention. We uses MODIS SST inversed algorithm to find its regulation in this decade (October 2002 to March 2012, October to December and January to March a year). Significant annual cycles appears that SST rises from October and falls in February, while area >70° has peak in January. SST decreases with latitude ascending from spatial distribution. Through in high latitude, Ross Sea, Prydz Bay and Weddell Sea enjoy quite high temperature comparing to its adjacent area in same period. Almost whole blooms occur in these three seas in December, January and February, among which Prydz Bay has the highest suitable SST with 0.3-1.7°C, Amundsen Sea has the second with-0.2-0.3°C, Ross Sea has the lowest with-0.9- -0.8°C. Amundsen Sea owns the vigorous bloom and the narrowest suitable temperature period.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Decadal Predictability of Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature in the GFDL CM2.1 Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (16) ◽  
pp. 6309-6328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Thomas L. Delworth ◽  
Liwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Predictive Skill ◽  
Sst Anomalies

The average predictability time (APT) method is used to identify the most predictable components of decadal sea surface temperature (SST) variations over the Southern Ocean (SO) in a 4000-yr unforced control run of the GFDL CM2.1 model. The most predictable component shows significant predictive skill for periods as long as 20 years. The physical pattern of this variability has a uniform sign of SST anomalies over the SO, with maximum values over the Amundsen–Bellingshausen–Weddell Seas. Spectral analysis of the associated APT time series shows a broad peak on time scales of 70–120 years. This most predictable pattern is closely related to the mature phase of a mode of internal variability in the SO that is associated with fluctuations of deep ocean convection. The second most predictable component of SO SST is characterized by a dipole structure, with SST anomalies of one sign over the Weddell Sea and SST anomalies of the opposite sign over the Amundsen–Bellingshausen Seas. This component has significant predictive skill for periods as long as 6 years. This dipole mode is associated with a transition between phases of the dominant pattern of SO internal variability. The long time scales associated with variations in SO deep convection provide the source of the predictive skill of SO SST on decadal scales. These analyses suggest that if the SO deep convection in a numerical forecast model could be adequately initialized, the future evolution of SO SST and its associated climate impacts are potentially predictable.

Oligocene sea-surface temperature gradients in the Southern Ocean related to Tasmanian Gateway widening: New TEX86 paleothermometry, dinoflagellate cyst data and climate model comparisons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida Hoem ◽  
Suning Hou ◽  
Matthew Huber ◽  
Francesca Sangiorgi ◽  
Henk Brinkhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Ocean Currents ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cyst ◽  
Frontal Systems ◽  
Dsdp Site

<p>The opening of the Tasmanian Gateway during the Eocene and further deepening in the Oligocene is hypothesized to have reorganized ocean currents, preconditioning the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) to evolve into place. However, fundamental questions still remain on the past Southern Ocean structure. We here present reconstructions of latitudinal temperature gradients and the position of ocean frontal systems in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean during the Oligocene. We generated new sea surface temperature (SST) and dinoflagellate cyst data from the West Tasman margin, ODP Site 1168. We compare these with other records around the Tasmanian Gateway, and with climate model simulations to analyze the paleoceanographic evolution during the Oligocene. The novel organic biomarker TEX<sub>86</sub>- SSTs from ODP Site 1168, range between 19.6 – 27.9°C (± 5.2°C, using the linear calibration by Kim et al., 2010), supported by temperate and open ocean dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. The data compilation, including existing TEX<sub>86</sub>-based SSTs from ODP Site 1172 in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, DSDP Site 274 offshore Cape Adare, DSDP Site 269 and IODP Site U1356 offshore the Wilkes Land Margin and terrestrial temperature proxy records from the Cape Roberts Project (CRP) on the Ross Sea continental shelf, show synchronous variability in temperature evolution between Antarctic and Australian sectors of the Southern Ocean. The SST gradients are around 10°C latitudinally across the Tasmanian Gateway throughout the early Oligocene, and increasing in the Late Oligocene. This increase can be explained by polar amplification/cooling, tectonic drift, strengthening of atmospheric currents and ocean currents. We suggest that the progressive cooling of Antarctica and the absence of mid-latitude cooling strengthened the westerly winds, which in turn could drive an intensification of the ACC and strengthening of Southern Ocean frontal systems.</p>

scholarly journals Climate drives long-term change in Antarctic Silverfish along the western Antarctic Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Corso ◽  
Deborah Steinberg ◽  
Sharon Stammerjohn ◽  
Eric Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Western Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Amundsen Sea ◽  
Antarctic Silverfish

Abstract Over the last half of the 20th century, the western Antarctic Peninsula has been one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth, leading to substantial reductions in regional sea ice coverage. These changes are modulated by atmospheric forcing, including the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) pressure system. We utilized a novel 25-year (1993–2017) time series to model the effects of environmental variability on larvae of a keystone species, the Antarctic Silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica). Antarctic Silverfish use sea ice as spawning habitat and are important prey for penguins and other predators. We show that warmer sea surface temperature and decreased sea ice negatively impact larval abundance. Modulating both sea surface temperature and sea ice is ASL variability, where a strong ASL is associated with reduced larvae. These findings support a narrow sea ice and temperature tolerance for adult and larval fish. Further regional warming predicted to occur during the 21st century could displace fish populations, altering this pelagic ecosystem.

scholarly journals Sea surface temperature variability in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean over the past 700 kyr

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sze Ling Ho ◽  
Gesine Mollenhauer ◽  
Frank Lamy ◽  
Alfredo Martínez-Garcia ◽  
Mahyar Mohtadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals An empirical stochastic model of sea-surface temperature and surface wind over the Southern Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1891-1936
Author(s):  
S. Kravtsov ◽  
D. Kondrashov ◽  
I. Kamenkovich ◽  
M. Ghil
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Singular Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Synoptic Variability ◽  
Ocean Region

Abstract. This study employs NASA's recent satellite measurements of sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea-level wind (SLW) with missing data filled-in by Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), to construct empirical models that capture both intrinsic and SST-dependent aspects of SLW variability. The model construction methodology uses a number of algorithmic innovations that are essential in providing stable estimates of model's propagator. The best model tested herein is able to faithfully represent the time scales and spatial patterns of anomalies associated with a number of distinct processes. These processes range from the daily synoptic variability to interannual signals presumably associated with oceanic or coupled dynamics. Comparing the simulations of an SLW model forced by the observed SST anomalies with the simulations of an SLW-only model provides preliminary evidence for the climatic behavior characterized by the ocean driving the atmosphere in the Southern Ocean region.

scholarly journals KETERKAITAN KONDISI OSEANOGRAFI DENGAN PERIKANAN PELAGIS DI PERAIRAN SELAT BALI

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komang Iwan Suniada ◽  
Eko Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Terra Modis

Perikanan pelagis di perairan Selat Bali telah diusahakan sejak lama. Data runtut tahun hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan cenderung berfluktuasi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi spasial dan temporal karakteristik oseanografi, terkait dengan dengan dinamika perikanan pelagis di Selat Bali. Data parameter oseanografi meliputi suhu permukaan laut (SPL) dan klorofill-a (chl-a) yang diperoleh dari citra satelit penginderaan jauh Aqua/Terra MODIS, sedangkan data sumberdaya perikanan pelagis berupa hasil tangkapan/satuan upaya (Catch per Unit Effort, CPUE) ikan pelagis diperoleh dari Tempat Pendaratan Ikan (TPI) Pengambengan, Jembrana - Bali pada periode Januari 2007 hingga Desember 2015. Uji statistik regresi linear berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter oseanografi terhadap kondisi perubahan sumberdaya perikanan pelagis. Sebaran spasial SPL menunjukkan bahwa pada Mei hingga November suhu permukaan laut cenderung rendah serta tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara suhu di perairan pantai dan di laut lepas. Secara temporal terlihat bahwa suhu terendah terjadi pada musim timur yaitu pada Agustus 2007. Sebaran spasial chl-a menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi chl-a dimulai dari Mei hingga Oktober serta terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara chl-a perairan pantai dan laut lepas. Secara temporal terlihat bahwa konsentrasi chl-a tertinggi terjadi pada Oktober 2015. Faktor iklim yang merupakan faktor eksternal memberikan pengaruh terhadap perubahan konsentrasi chl-a pada lokasi penelitian. Faktor iklim tersebut adalah kecepatan angin dan kejadian El-Nino. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perubahan parameter SPL dan chl-a secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan CPUE ikan pelagis, namun secara parsial parameter chl-a memberikan pengaruh yang lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan parameter SPL.Pelagic fisheries around Bali Strait have been exploited since decades. Based on monthly and annual landing data, fish production around Bali strait are very fluctuated. This study aims to determine the spatial and temporal conditions of oceanographic characteristics and how they relate to the dynamics of pelagic fisheries in the Bali Strait. The oceanographic parameter data consist of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) that obtained from Aqua / Terra MODIS remote sensing satellite imagery, while the dynamics of pelagic fish resource data indicated by Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) derrived from landing place (TPI) Pengambengan, Jembrana - Bali in the period January 2007 to December 2015. Multiple linear regression analysis were applied to determine the effect of oceanographic parameters on the changing conditions of pelagic fishery resources. Spatial distribution of SPL indicates that in May to November sea surface temperature tends to be low and there is no significant difference between the temperature in coastal waters and on high seas. The temporal distribution shows that the lowest temperature occurred during the southeast monsoon in August 2007. The spatial distribution of chl-a showed that the chl-a concentration starts to increase from May to October and there were significant differences between chl-a coastal waters and high seas. The temporal distribution shows that the highest chl-a concentration occurred in October 2015. Climate factor which is an external factor has an effect on the change of chl-a concentration at the research location. Climatic factors are wind speed and El-Nino events. The result of the statistical analysis shows that the change of SPL and chl-a parameters together significantly influence on the CPUE of pelagic fish, but partially chl-a parameter gives highly significant effect than SST parameter.

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