scholarly journals Estimating Emissions of Harmful Exhaust Components by Aircraft Engines During the Takeoff and Landing Cycle in Airport Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Paweł Głowacki ◽  
Piotr Kalina ◽  
Michal Kawalec
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Engine Emission

Abstract This article examines, based on the available information and authors’ self-assessments, the environmental impact of turbine engine exhaust gases effect on the environment in the airport space during engines flight phases in the landing and takeoff cycle (LTO). The attention of aviation professionals is drawn to the fact that the amount of exhaust from the turbine engine is so significant that it may adversely change the ambient air at the airport. Consequently, increased emission level of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) during engine start-up and idle may pose a threat to the health of ramp staff. Also, high emission levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during takeoff, climb, cruise and descent is not without importance for the environment around the airport space. The paper gives CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission estimations based on ICAO Engine Emission Data Bank and the number of passenger operations at a medium-sized airport. It also provides calculation results of aircraft CO2, HC, CO and NOx emission using average times of aircraft maneuvers taken from aircraft Flight Data Recorder (FDR) in the LTO cycle various aircraft types at the airport. The latter, based on actual maneuvering times, lead to significantly reduced estimates of toxic exhaust gas emission volumes.

Estimation on LTO Cycle Emissions from Aircrafts at Civil Airports

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Hua Sheng Xu ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Shun Li Sun ◽  
Dong Bo Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Fleet Composition ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Engine Emission

A calculation method on pollutant emission inventory is established based on the standard LTO cycle of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) by analyzing the factors influencing aircraft engine emissions at civil aviation airports. For a certain airport in China, the emissions of HC, CO, NOx and SO2per hour for a whole day from the aircraft engines are calculated, and the variations of various pollutant emissions with time are analyzed based on the air traffic data, the civil aviation fleet composition, the flight detailed take-off and landing information at the airport, and ICAO engine emission data bank. It’s found that the variations of the pollutant emissions with time are different, in which, the emissions of HC and CO are significantly influenced by the frequency of flight arrival at airport, however, the emission of NOx is influenced by the frequency of flight departure from airport greatly, and the emission of SO2is influenced by the total frequency of flight arrival at and departure from airport comprehensively. For solving the problem of local high-emission time, some solutions are suggested, such as equipping aircrafts with low-emission engines or optimizing the flight schedule.

Gas Turbine Engine Emissions—Part II: Chemical Properties of Particulate Matter

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Timko ◽  
Timothy B. Onasch ◽  
Megan J. Northway ◽  
John T. Jayne ◽  
Manjula R. Canagaratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Exit Plane ◽  
Free Atmosphere ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wide Range

The characterization of volatile and nonvolatile particle materials present in gas turbine exhaust is critical for accurate estimation of the potential impacts of airport activities on local air quality, atmospheric processes, and climate change. Two field campaigns were performed to collect an extensive set of particle and gaseous emission data for on-wing gas turbine engines. The tests included CFM56, RB211-535E4-B, AE3007, PW4158, and CJ610 engines, providing the opportunity to compare emissions from a wide range of engine technologies. Here we report mass, number, composition, and size data for the nonvolatile (soot) and volatile particles present in engine exhaust. For all engines, soot emissions (EIm-soot) are greater at climbout (85% power) and takeoff (100%) power than idle (4% or 7%) and approach (30%). At the engine exit plane, soot is the only type of particle detected. For exhaust sampled downwind (15–50 m) and diluted by ambient air, total particle number emissions (EIn-total) increases by about one or two orders of magnitude relative to the engine exit plane, and the increase is driven by volatile particles that have freshly nucleated in the cooling exhaust gas both in the free atmosphere and in the extractive sample lines. Fuel sulfur content is the determining factor for nucleation of new particles in the cooling exhaust gases. Compositional analysis indicates that the volatile particles consist of sulfate and organic materials (EIm-sulfate and EIm-organic). We estimate a lower bound S[IV] to S[VI] conversion efficiency of (0.08±0.01)%, independent of engine technology. Measurements of EIm-organic ranged from about 0.1 mg kg−1 to 40 mg kg−1. Lubrication oil was present in particles emitted by all engines and accounted for over 90% of the particulate organic mass under some conditions. The products of incomplete combustion are a likely source of the remaining volatile organic particle material.

Passenger aircraft emissions analysis at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey in 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Engine Emission ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the pollutant gas produced by hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the quantity of fuel burned from commercial aircraft at Ordu-Giresun International Airport, Turkey during the landing and take-off (LTO) cycles in 2017. Design/methodology/approach The flight data recorded by the General Directorate of State Airports Authority and the aircraft engine emission data from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Engine Exhaust Emission Databank were used for calculation. The aircraft and engine types used by the airlines for flight at Ordu-Giresun International Airport were determined. To evaluate the effect of taxi time on emission amounts, analysis and evaluations were made by taking different taxi times into consideration. Findings As a result of the emission analysis, the amount of fuel consumed by the aircraft were calculated as 6,551.52 t/y, and the emission amounts for CO, HC and NOx were estimated as 66.81, 4.20 and 79.97 t/y, respectively. Practical implications This study is aimed to reveal the effect and contribution of taxi time on the emitted emission at the airport during the LTO phase of the aircraft. Originality/value This study helps aviation authorities explain the importance of developing procedures that ensure the delivery of aircraft to flights in minimum time by raising awareness of the impact of taxi time on emitted emissions, and contributes to the determination of an aircraft emission inventory at Ordu-Giresun International Airport.

scholarly journals Standard Measurement of Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Exhaust Smoke

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Champagne
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Standard System ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Standard Measurement ◽  
Definition Of

A standard system (equipment and procedures) for measuring smoke emitted by aircraft turbine engines has been developed. It has been adopted by several Federal Government agencies. In this paper, the system is explained and its accuracy defined. An experimentally determined relationship between the system’s parameters and true smoke density (weight of solids per unit volume) is presented and theoretically examined. The definition of smoke plume visibility in terms of the system’s parameters is also developed. This work led to the conclusion that aircraft turbine engine exhaust smoke is composed of two groups of particles: the very small, which are primarily responsible for visible obscuration, and larger particles, which may constitute as much as half of the total by weight, but do not appreciably contribute to plume visibility.

scholarly journals The assessment of commercial flights emissions at Ordu-Giresun Airport, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
I. Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Engine Emission

Ordu-Giresun International Airport is Turkey’s first and world’s second airport built on the sea. This study provides the pollutant gas emitted from aircraft with carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) during landing and take-off cycles in Ordu-Giresun International Airport in 2015. It also presents the fuel burnt. For emission calculation, ICAO’s database for aircraft engine emission data and General Directorate of State Airports Authority’s database for flight records were used. In the calculations, a sensitivity analysis was made by taking into consideration the aircraft types and engine types used by the airline companies on the flights to Ordu-Giresun International Airport.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Meteorological Conditions and Air Quality above Tomsk, West Siberia

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1148
Author(s):  
Alexander Starchenko ◽  
Elena Shelmina ◽  
Lubov Kizhner
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Calm Wind

This paper presents the simulation results of meteorological and air quality parameters for the Siberian city of Tomsk predicted by mesoscale meteorological and chemical transport models. Changes in the numerically predicted wind velocity fields, temperature, and concentration of major air pollutants were modelled in detail for the selected dates, when anticyclonic weather with cloud free and calm wind conditions was observed in Tomsk. The simulation results have shown that stable or neutral atmospheric stratification with light wind and low ambient air temperature (−30, −20 °C) are the most unfavorable meteorological conditions leading to the near surface pollutants accumulation. The numerical calculation results were compared with observation data from the Joint Use Center (JUC) “Atmosphere” of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO) and showed good agreement.

The Design and Analysis of Closed-Coupled Exhaust Manifold

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 1241-1245
Author(s):  
Rang Shu Xu ◽  
Xiang Feng Yan ◽  
Ling Niu ◽  
Zhi Wei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Business Software ◽  
Field Uniformity ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Cfd Method ◽  
Volume Method

The layout of closed-couple catalyst converter in internal combustion engine exhaust system is one of important way to reduce vehicle emission. CFD method based on finite volume method is adopted to numerical simulate flow distribution in the entrance of closed-coupled catalytic converter and applying business software of FLUENT to clarity the flow uniformity of inlet to ensure catalytic converter work efficiently and meet regulations. The flow field uniformity of entrance were studied and analyzed. Research finds that the shape of manifold has effect on dispersion of velocity in entrance and dispersion of velocity has a relatively strong correlation with pulsation flow. The flow reverse in junction deflect the air flow that flow into the entrance of closed-couple catalyst converter. Calculation results indicate that the uneven rate coefficient is 0.266 and volatility is 0.515 in the entrance of closed-couple catalyst.

Innovative Design of a Robust Turbine Stage Using Flow Analysis and Subcomponent Rig Testing With Rapid Prototypes

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Kielb ◽  
Kurt Weber ◽  
Bruce Crook
Keyword(s):  
Total Pressure ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Fourier Decomposition ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Cfd Models

Designing turbine engine components for high cycle fatigue robustness can significantly reduce operating costs and improve safety. However, obtaining an optimum design and getting the new hardware into service using traditional methods is an expensive process. A process that combines state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analytical simulations with subcomponent rig testing has been developed and demonstrated on a gas turbine engine. The analytical method involves spatial Fourier decomposition of vane exit total pressure from steady flow calculations. This provides an efficient method to reduce the design space and eliminate poor designs, resulting in a small subset of near-optimum designs. To confirm that the remaining candidate designs provide less unsteady forcing and to validate the CFD analysis, a unique experimental test rig was constructed. The experiments consisted of flowing ambient air through a subsection of the engine, while measuring the exit total pressure flow field around the turbine rotor exit annulus with a unique traversing probe. The measured exit total pressure was then Fourier decomposed in space to understand the resulting unsteady forcing on the blade. The costs of the flow rig and producing numerous sets of candidate hardware were much less expensive than full-scale engine or rotating rig tests. New hardware designs tested in the rig were manufactured using a rapid prototyping procedure, which allowed for extremely quick turn around in going from design concept to experimental validation. Good correlation between analysis and test was found, except in a few cases. The majority of these discrepancies were attributed to excitation sources that were impractical to include in the CFD models. This finding indicated that there are still circumstances for which the analytical tools were insufficient and hence experimental validation is still important. Both the analysis and experiments confirmed up to a 50% reduction in the amplitude of unsteady pressure for this particular engine test case.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document