Fabrication of Hydraulic Bumper for Anti-Collision in a Vehicle

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anish ◽  
R. Thamaraikannan ◽  
B. Kanimozhi ◽  
Ham G. Varghese ◽  
Shem G. Varghese
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Fiber Plastic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bumper System

Improvement of bumper system is crucial in the automotive industry. The main objectives are to increase the performance of the bumper and also to find a solution to reduce the cost of the bumper thereby facilitating the reduction of production cost. The cost of bumper is high owing to the amount of material used and various processes involved .The new design considers on reducing the amount of material use and adding improved hydraulics instead of normal bumper to give cushioning effect and also assures safety in low speed collision. The new design also improves the ability to absorb more impact load and increase the protection of the front car component. The methodology employed was the study of the front bumper system, design and fabrication. The suitable material that can be used as the bumper in terms of economical but still maintaining the toughness is Plastic-Polycarbonate (Molded) which is not expensive compared to the best material from the analysis of E-Glass Fiber, Plastic-Nylon Type 6/6 and Plastic ABS (Molded). The suitable material to be used for making beam is AISI E52100 Steel. Rearrangement of the mounting positions gives a different effect on the ability to withstand the impact force.

scholarly journals 110 Managing Feed Efficiency to Improve Dairy Farm Margin

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Micheal J Brouk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Efficiency Factors ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Abstract Dairy farm margin has continued to be a challenge for the dairy industry. Several years of challenging milk prices with limited relief from high feed costs and increasing production cost have continued to erode the net margin of US dairy farms. As dairy producers continue to operate in a challenging economic environment, discoveries are being made in various farm efficiencies to improve farm margin. Increased management intensity on all aspects of the dairy farm is resulting in the discover of and improvement of many individual efficiency factors. Key areas of economic efficiency include feed, animal reproduction, replacement animals, labor and resource allocation. Often the answer to improved efficiency involves more than just reduced production cost, but also in the improvement of production to reduce the cost per unit of milk produced. Identifying and focusing on the important factors that can improve overall farm efficiency will enable producers to weather the economic challenges. For dairy producers, one of the complications is the biology of the dairy cow and understanding how to utilize the biology correctly for improved efficiency of milk production. Improved efficiency of milk production requires attention to details in many areas of the dairy. Identifying the correct areas of deficiencies, establishing corrective plans of action and then careful evaluation of the impact of changes are all key to the overall success of improving dairy farm margins and efficiencies.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Axial Impact Mitigating Stick-Slip Vibration with a PDC Bit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Hongjian Ni ◽  
Yiliu (Paul) Tu ◽  
Ruihe Wang ◽  
Xueying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Force ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Impact Frequency ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Axial Impact ◽  
Pdc Bit ◽  
Fluctuation Amplitude ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
The Impact

Stick-slip vibration reduces the drilling rate of penetration, causes early wear of bits, and threatens the safety of downhole tools. Therefore, it is necessary to study suppression methods of stick-slip vibration to achieve efficient and safe drilling. Field tests show that the use of downhole axial impactors is helpful to mitigate stick-slip vibration and improve rock-breaking efficiency. However, there are many deficiencies in the study of how axial impact load affects stick-slip vibration of a PDC bit. In this paper, based on the two-degrees-of-freedom spring-mass-damper model and similarity theory, a laboratory experiment device for suppressing stick-slip vibration of a PDC bit under axial impact load has been developed, and systematic experimental research has been carried out. The results show that the axial impact force can suppress the stick-slip vibration by reducing the amplitude of weight on bit and torque fluctuations and by increasing the main frequency of torque. The amplitude of impact force affects the choice of the optimal back-rake angle. The impact frequency is negatively correlated with the fluctuation amplitude of the rotary speed. When the impact frequency is greater than 100 Hz, the fluctuation amplitude of the rotary speed will not decrease.

Finite Element Analysis of a Single-Layer Reticulated Dome under Impact Loading

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zheng ◽  
Zhi Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Time History ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Deformation Stage ◽  
The Impact

Finite element model of both the single-layer Schwedler reticulated dome with the span of 50m and a Cuboid impactor were developed, incorporating ANSYS/LS-DYNA. PLASTIC_KINEMATIC (MAT_003) material model which takes stain rate into account was used to simulate steel under impact load. The automatic point to surface contact (NODES TO SURFACE) was applied between the dome and impact block. Three stages of time history curve of the impact force on the apex of the single-layer Scheduler reticulated dome including the impact stage, stable stalemate stage, the decaying stage were generalized according to its dynamic response. It must be pointed out that the peak of the impact force of the single-layer reticulated dome increase with the increase of the weight and the velocity of the impact block, but the change of the velocity of the impact block is more sensitive than the change of weight of the impact block for the effect of the peak of the impact force, and a platform value of the impact force of the single-layer reticulated dome change near a certain value, and the duration time of the impact gradually increase. Then four stages of time history curve of the impact displacement were proposed according to the dynamic response of impact on the apex of the single-layer reticulated dome based on numerical analysis. Four stages include in elastic deformation stage, plastic deformation stage, elastic rebound stage, free vibration stage in the position of the residual deformation.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF IMPACT RESISTANT POLYMER COMPOSITION ABS/PC FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
I. Yagrushkina ◽  
M. Dyul'dina ◽  
A. Nogachev ◽  
K. Yakunin
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymer Composite Material ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Component Ratio ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Polymer and composite materials are becoming more and more widely used in the Russian automotive industry. The Russian market of polymer materials for automotive components is characterized by an insufficiently developed production of some types of such materials. And, as a result, the use of imported materials. Styrene plastics are one of the innovative materials for the automotive industry. Using them in a car makes the product more attractive to customers. The use of this type of plastics allows to create a new look for the car. This applies to both the interior and exterior. The aim of this work is to develop the composition of a polymer composition based on ABS plastic from domestic raw materials. In addition, the new mixed composition should replace imported mixed compositions or contain a minimum amount of imported components of the composition, which will significantly reduce the cost of products and accordingly the car. The article analyzes the polymer materials used in the automotive industry. The disadvantages of using these materials in their pure form are revealed. The selection of the components of the composition of the impact-resistant material with the development of its formulation has been made. The composition of an impact-resistant polymer composition based on ABS plastic and PC has been developed, which is not inferior in terms of the complex of properties to the imported material. The influence of the composition of ABS-plastic, various grades of polycarbonate, their ratio in the polymer composite material on the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the obtained composition has been investigated. It is shown that the best set of properties is possessed by a material based on 2020-30 ABS-plastic and PC-3S polycarbonate with a component ratio of 70%:30%.

scholarly journals Reduction of Crude Oil Production Cost in Nigerian Indigenous Company using Activity Based Costing

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segun Adebisi Osetoba ◽  
Nkoi Barinyima ◽  
Rex Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Service Company ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of activity based costing in reducing crude oil production cost in Nigerian indigenous oil and gas company. This research work identified strategies to effectively reduce the cost of crude oil production by adopting a cost reduction tool for crude oil production and to establish a good crude oil flow to the surface for production. Activity based costing was the cost reduction tool used for this work. The tool helps to differentiate between value added costing and non-value added costing. Non-value added costs must be reduced or eliminated during production so as to maximise profit. Data was collected from an indigenous oil service company. The collated data were tabulated and graphs were plotted with the aid of Microsoft excel. The analysis revealed a total sum of ₦ 416,978,977 was wrongly spent for a duration of three years on crude oil production due to non-value added costing. The activities are: poor transportation of crude oil, that is, use of mobile tanker for haulage instead of laying 4 inches coated pipes for a distance of 5km and contracting the treatment of produced water to a contractor instead of setting up a water treatment plant. Also, using a diesel engine generator for electric power supply while gas was available as a fuel gas for natural gas consuming generator was a non-value added activity. Lastly, inadequate oil well flowing practice by flowing the well through an adjustable choke for a long period of time instead of using a fixed choke. This is a huge loss for indigenous oil producing fields operated by an indigenous oil service company in Nigeria. The loss was due to inability of the producers/field location owners to set up few equipment to meet up with complete operation standard.

Mathematical modeling of viscoelastic material under impact load

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Md Fazlay Rabbi ◽  
Vijaya B Chalivendra
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Viscoelastic Material ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Drop Weight ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

A linear physics-based model is developed to investigate the one-dimensional impact on a viscoelastic material. A generalized model with three Maxwell elements is considered to describe the viscoelastic behavior. An analytical method based on Laplace transformation is used to solve the impact problem. To have a comprehensive understanding of viscoelastic material response, drop-weight impact is also considered in this study. For both linear impact and drop-weight cases, a maximum reduction of 15% of the impact force as well as 32% higher energy absorption can be achieved with the increase in tan δ from 0.01 to 0.8 of viscoelastic material. In addition, for linear impact, impact force decreases by 20% when tan δ = 1. With the increase in tan δ, storage modulus decreases by around 57% for maintaining a predetermined deformation. Moreover, for almost constant maximum displacement, materials with a higher storage modulus absorb more impact energy and experience higher impact force as compared to materials with a lower storage modulus.

scholarly journals Retrofitting Options for Un-Reinforced Brick Wall Subjected to Impact Load

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 1574-1578
Author(s):  
Norazman Mohamad Nor ◽  
Mohd Azizul Mohd Noor ◽  
Mohammed Alias Yusof ◽  
Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi ◽  
Shohaimi Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Failure Patterns ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blast Energy ◽  
Flexural Testing ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Impact

In this research we investigate the possibility of enhancing the way brick walls can be retrofitted in an economical manner and become more resistant to blast impact. Retrofitting a method usually done on constructed walls; however, the same strengthening procedures can also be applied to a new construction project. In this research we investigate three methods of reinforcing brick walls against blast impact. First, reinforcing the brick layer using carbon fiber strips only without epoxy, with the fiber being placed on the bare bricks before it is plastered with mortar finishing, second, reinforcing the brick wall by placing CFRP onto the bare bricks and fixing with epoxy prior to finishing or being plastered over with mortar, and third, retrofitting the outer surface of a finished, or plastered, brick wall with CFRP and fixed with epoxy as is commonly done. The impact test was conducted using a drop weight released at a fixed height to simulate blast energy of an explosion. The effects of the test on all the samples were observed to identify failure patterns. Flexural testing was also conducted to observe how the samples perform under normal flexural loading. It was discovered that the second option, i.e. placing the CFRP on the bare bricks and fixing with epoxy before it is finished or plastered over with mortar, performs the best. This is due to the CFRP being firmly fixed before mortar finishing, causing the CFRP to be held steadily in place during the impact, thus, helping the wall to resist the impact load. With the third option, the CFRP was able to resist the impact but, as has been observed in other studies, the CFRP delaminates from the wall. The first option does not work very well since the mortar is unable to perform as well as the epoxy in holding the fiber to the wall to resist the impact force. Thus, for plastered brick walls, it is better suited for it to be reinforced by FRP under the finished mortar rather than on it, thus reducing the problem of delaminated FRP from the wall surface.

Improvement of Impact Strength of Polyglycolic Acid for Self-Degradable Tools for Low-Temperature Wells

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Okura ◽  
Shinya Takahashi ◽  
Takuma Kobayashi ◽  
Hikaru Saijo ◽  
Takeo Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Polyglycolic Acid ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Completion Process ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent increases in the stage count of hydraulic fracturing has increased the time and cost for well completion. Simplifying time-consuming processes is crucial for economic success. The use of degradable materials for components of downhole tools has several advantages, such as eliminating or simplifying the recovery process of the tools. Polyglycolic acid (PGA), a hydrolyzable polymer, is a suitable material for these components. PGA has already been used in frac balls because of its high mechanical strength and appropriate degradation characteristics. However, in low-temperature wells close to the glass transition temperature of PGA, there are problems with tool breakage during installation or stimulation because of the changes in the mechanical properties of PGA at low temperatures. This paper focuses on the improvement of the impact strength of PGA. A study of modifiers identified the additives that are highly compatible with PGA. Morphological studies of mixtures showed finely dispersed additive domains within a PGA matrix. The impact strength of the mixture was twice as high as that of neat PGA. A formulation was identified that optimized the impact strength while retaining degradability, processability, and machinability similar to that of neat PGA. The improvement of the impact strength broadens the range of applications that PGA tooling is suitable for and helps to reduce the cost and time of the well completion process.

A Study on the Impact Load Acting on an FPSO Bow by Steep Waves

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam-Kwon Hong ◽  
Jae-Moon Lew ◽  
Dong-Woo Jung ◽  
Hee-Taek Kim ◽  
Dong-Yeon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Test ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Seakeeping Performance ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Steep Waves ◽  
The Impact

Among offshore floaters used to develop offshore resources, FPSO and FSO have a storage function whereas semi-submersible, Spar and TLP have only production function. The floaters with the storage function such as FPSO and FSO are designed as the typical ship type concept compared to the other floaters with small water plane area. In order to design the floaters for offshore resource development, it is needed to estimate the seakeeping performance under operating condition and survival conditions and then carry out the structural design based on seakeeping performance results. The environment conditions of 1yr, 10yrs, 100yrs or 1,000 yrs return periods are used based on the metocean data of the installation field to evaluate the seakeeping performance under operating and survival conditions. In general, the wave conditions with the maximum wave heights for each return periods are selected on each wave contour lines in the wave scatter diagram. Then the seakeeping performance is evaluated from the seakeeping model test. However, it was observed that the wave with the pitch forcing period, where the wave length is close to the ship length, is more important than the wave with the maximum wave height after several accidents caused by the green water in Northern North Sea and Norwegian Sea. Therefore, it became a common practice to include not only the wave conditions with maximum wave heights for each return period but also the wave conditions with the pitch forcing period to evaluate the seakeeping performance for offshore development floaters. Ship type floaters such as FPSO are more likely to experience higher impact force due to the large frontal area accompanied by large heave and pitch motions in head sea and bow quartering seas. Recently, it was reported that in an accident in North Sea of UK sector, the damage at the bow of the FPSO is caused due to the steep waves. Afterwards, studies on the steep waves have been made in several institutes such as UK HSE. In this study, the effect of the impact load (so called slapping load) by the steep waves acting on the FPSO bow is investigated throughout the model test. For measurement of the pressure and impact force on the frontal area, a bow-shaped panel was fabricated with the pressure and force sensors, and installed on the bow starboard side of the model FPSO. During the model test campaign, the impact load was investigated using the steep waves with Hw/λ greater than 1/16 in addition to the general wave conditions with maximum wave heights. Consequently, it is confirmed in the model test that the impact loads acting on the FPSO bow are significantly increased with the steep waves (Hw/λ > 1/16) compared to the general wave conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to consider whether the steep waves are additionally included in the wave conditions to estimate the seakeeping performance and how to apply the impact loads acting on the FPSO bow from the steep waves in structure design.

Study on the Impact Properties of a New Debris Flow Dam Based on Steel-Concrete Composite Structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 2056-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Xiong Liang ◽  
Xiu Li Wang ◽  
Chang Wu ◽  
Zhi Gang Lv
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
Time History ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Impact

The impact force is one of the most weak link of the dynamics studies of debris flow for many years. To make the structure or components are better able to suffer the impact load such as debris flow, explosions, a new debris flow dam is designed by introducing this new type model with spring. It is simulated under boulder impact by using finite element software LS-DYNA.The stress distribution, impact and displacement time history curve under typical conditions are obtained. The results show that the resist impact effect of new debris flow dam is very obvious.

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