scholarly journals An Investigation of Soil Volume Changes at Four Dimensional Points of Peat Soil Sample in Parit Nipah and Pontian

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1491-1496
Author(s):  
Adnan bin Zainorabidin ◽  
Nursyahidah binti Saedon ◽  
Ismail bin Bakar ◽  
Nurul Farhana bt Mohd Seth
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Peat Sample ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Shrinkage Method

Peat soils occur in many countries and formed naturally through the decomposition of plant and animal matter. These soils are known as a very problematic soft soil due to its low bearing capacity and high compressibility. These two main factors may be based on the characteristics of the soil itself. This study is focused on its physical properties and shrinkage measurement. It is also to investigate the shrinkage measurement that obtained from the diameter at four dimensional points and bar linear shrinkage method for both location peat sample. There are varies method that can be used in order to obtain a full description of the shrinkage behavior of peat. The sample was taken from two different locations which are Parit Nipah and Pontian. Linear shrinkage method is used to determine the soil shrinkage from linear measurements on a bar mould with disturbed soil that passing 0.425mm sieve. However, this method was modified by using undisturbed sample to compare the result with bar linear shrinkage method and the measurement was obtained by the reduction of its diameter at four points of the sample. Linear shrinkage values obtained from Parit Nipah and Pontian by following British Standard method are 34.77% and 33.09% respectively while modified linear method gives the value of 35.25% for Parit Nipah and 32.85% for Pontian. Modified method shows that peat soil from both locations shrinks in irregular shape due to Point C of Parit Nipah and Pontian peat sample has the smallest diameter compared to other points within 24 hours oven-dried. It also shows that Parit Nipah peat soil has a higher percentage of linear shrinkage for both method instead of Pontian peat soil. The linear shrinkage values that obtained from bar linear shrinkage and modified linear shrinkage gives smaller different values which is nearly same for both method.

scholarly journals Estimation of the efficiency of suturing the uterine cavity in patients under organ-preserving surgeries during placental insurance in the aspect of analysis of reproductive function in the postpartum period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Berg ◽  
A. G. Yashchuk ◽  
I. I. Musin ◽  
Yu. N. Fatkullina
Keyword(s):  
Linear Method ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Previous Cesarean ◽  
Group 1

Aim: to study the reproductive function of patients who underwent organ-preserving delivery using a modified method of suturing the uterine cavity with ingrowth of the placenta.Materials and methods. The studied groups were comparable. The ultrasound assessment of the size of the uterus when comparing subgroups A and B, showed a significantly less severity of postoperative changes in the uterine cavity and the shape of the uterus. Retrospectively analyzed 77 cases of planned delivery of patients in 2018–2020. Group 1 (control) – 32 patients with a scar on the uterus after a previous cesarean section and group 2 (main) – 45 patients with a diagnosis of placental ingrowth which was divided into 2 subgroups – 2A (n = 23) where a modified method of suturing the uterine cavity was used, and subgroup 2B (n = 22) where a linear method was used.Results. The studied groups were comparable. After 6 months, we check the changes in the size of the uterus was revealed in comparison with the control group, statistical differences were observed in the 2A subgroup compared to the control (p < 0,05 in width and length of the uterus) and in subgroup 2B (also p < 0.05 for all indicators). The study of intrauterine blood flow did not reveal significant differences between the compared groups (p > 0.1), and ultrasound assessment of the size of the uterus when comparing subgroups A and B, showed a significantly less severity of postoperative changes in the uterine cavity and the shape of the uterus.Conclusion. Evaluation of a new method of suturing the uterine cavity in patients with placental ingrowth has shown significant efficiency in maintaining the anatomically most natural shape of the uterus and uterine cavity. Despite the results obtained, the problem of restoring the reproductive function of women who underwent organ-preserving delivery remains relevant and requires further study.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Stress-Strain Characteristic of Peat Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1448-1452
Author(s):  
Adnan Zainorabidin ◽  
Siti Hajar Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Simple Shear ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Characteristic ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Direct Simple Shear ◽  
Strain Behaviour ◽  
Undisturbed Samples ◽  
Shear Box

This paper shows the stress-strain behavior of peat from the perspective of geotechnical engineering based on laboratory test. Stress happens when a load applied to a certain specimen and deformed the specimen while strain is the response from applied stress on a specimen. Peat is known as an ultimate soft soil in engineering terms because it has low shear strength and compressibility. This research is concerned about the stress-strain behavior of hemic peat. The undisturbed samples were collected at Parit Sulong and Parit Nipah, Batu Pahat, Johore, Malaysia. Normal stresses are 12.5kPa, 25kPa, 50kPa and 100kPa. The shear rate to determine the stress-strain on peat is 0.1mm/min. It is a drained condition test. Both results from each method that obtained were compared based on the relationships of stress-strain. Parit Sulong has higher stress-strain than Parit Nipah. If shear stress increased, shear strain also increased. The result shows that, direct simple shear test of stress-strain that tested on hemic is more relevant than a direct shear box because DSS shear the entire specimen of peat while DSB only shear at the center of the specimen. Geotechnical engineers can use the direct simple shear method to understand efficiently about the stress-strain behaviour of peat.

scholarly journals Seismic Response of Soft Soil Deposit Using Simplified Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 16008
Author(s):  
Miguel Villalobos ◽  
Celso Romanel
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Seismic Station ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Soft Soils ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Real

Near surface soils can greatly influence the amplitude, duration, and frequency content of ground motions. Surveys of the damage caused by earthquakes indicates that the lowest levels of damage occur in structures founded on rock or hard soil, while most of the damage occurs usually in structures founded in soft soil sites. With the aim to understand better the seismic response of soft soils deposits, not susceptible to liquefaction, this study made a comparison between the real seismic response registered in soft soil deposit in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Mw=9.1), with the response predicted by a propagation analysis with the equivalent linear method using the computer program SHAKE2000 [1]. An additional comparison is made applying the simplified method of Carlton (2014), developed specifically for soft soils. The site chosen for this analysis was a soft soil deposit, with NEHRP site classification type F, monitored by the seismic station TKCH07 of the KiK-net network located in Hokaiddo, Japan. The estimated response showed and acceptable approximation with the real response, although the response calculated with SHAKE2000 predicted high levels of amplification near the natural frequencies of the soft soil deposit.

scholarly journals Segregation Peat Fiber and Pre- Consolidation Pressure Effect on the Physical Properties of Reconstituted Peat Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 640-647
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pressure Effect ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Consolidation Pressure ◽  
Peat Sample ◽  
Undisturbed Sample ◽  
Effect Method

The preparation of the undisturbed peat sample at the site must be conducted to understand its characteristics. However, the sampling process becoming difficult due to the condition of peat soils itself. Due to the limitation in gaining undisturbed sample, a study on reconstitution sample becoming more popular in term of investigating the properties of soil that represent the real site condition. The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the physical properties of undisturbed and reconstituted peat RS3.350, RS2.360, RS1.000 and RS0.425. In this study, the segregation of peat and expulsion water with the aids pre-consolidation pressure was applied to the reconstituted sample. The range value of the physical properties of reconstituted peat was varied from each type of peat classification which affected by the segregation fiber and pre-consolidation pressure effect method. The entire reconstituted peat samples were recons passing the opening sieve size 3.350mm, 2.360mm, 1.000mm and 0.425 mm and were subjected with the 50 kPa, 80 kPa and 100 kPa pre-consolidation pressures. As a result, the natural Parit Nipah peat soil was classified as hemic peat (H5). The percentage of water content, liquid limit, organic content and fiber content for the reconstituted sample is lower compared to the undisturbed peat sample; but differed from specific gravity where the percentage for the reconstituted sample was higher than the undisturbed sample. Conclusively, the segregation of peat fiber and pre-consolidation pressure methods greatly affect and change the physical properties of peat samples.

scholarly journals Assessment of compressive strength of peat soil with sawdust and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) with hydrated lime as additive

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Noorfaizah Hamzah ◽  
Nur ‘Ain Mat Yusof ◽  
Muhammad Ihsan Haziq Mohd Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Strength Capacity

Construction activities on peat soils are found to be extremely difficult as the soil is profound as soft soil and has low shear strength and high moisture content. Due to alternating swelling and shrinkage nature, it causes serious damage to the structure above it. This happens due to repetition of drying and wetting of soil. Stabilization of soil is commonly applied to improve the mechanical properties of soil prior to soil engineering works. This soil improvement method is advantageous and effective one by using waste materials. Waste in our country is divided in various types and it includes domestic wastes, industrial wasters, agricultural wastes etc. Because of difficulties to diminish these wastes without affect to environment and surroundings, it can be used as a stabilizing agent in the soil. Therefore, this experimental study carried out to evaluate the effect of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and sawdust on engineering properties of the peat soil. The properties such as compaction and unconfined compressive strength are determined separately with sawdust and added of RHA in peat soil at a variety of percentages (2.5%, 5% etc.) in addition small amount of constant rate of lime with 2% of the dry soil weight. By obtaining the results, it can deduce a promising and improving result in stabilizing the soil with sawdust and Rice Husk Ash in both economic and strength capacity. This will not only solve the waste disposal problem but also enhance the strength characteristics of soil significantly.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Palangkaraya fibrous peat

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Faisal Estu Yulianto ◽  
Fuad Harwadi ◽  
Rusdiansyahi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Vane Shear Test ◽  
Fibrous Peat ◽  
Engineering Characteristic

Palangkaraya fibrous peat soil is a soil with high organic content and was formed due to decomposition of plants in submerged areas for long periods. In the tropics, peat has a high fiber content that affects the physical and engineering characteristic and have different behavior with clay. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to determine the physical and engineering characteristic of fibrous peat and to compare it with clay. The results of the tests on fibrous peat show peat soil parameter very different from clays. The unit weight of peat is 1.04 gr/cm3 with specific gravity is 1.4 and water content reach 650%. This physical parameter shows that peat is a very soft soil that is dominated by water in its structure. Organic content of peat reached 97% with a very low ash content of 3%. This behavior indicates that the decomposition of plants causes physical properties of peat that are very different from clays. The bearing capacity of the peat is also very low. The shear strength was about 26.8 kPa (ov = 50 kPa) and was dependent on the fiber distribution in the sample under test. Vane shear test results also show the same thing that is 5-7 kPa. The very different behavior of fibrous peat with clay is the consolidation. Peat has 4 stages of compression wherein secondary compression is the main compression. This behavior is due to the fibrous peat has two pores, that are micropores and macropores. The results of comparisons can serve as a basis for determining appropriate peat soil improvement methods.

A rapid method for estimating soil shrinkage

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Mckenzie ◽  
DJ Jacquier ◽  
AJ Ringrose-Voase
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Soil Fabric ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Field Behaviour

The Coefficient of linear extensibility (COLEstd) is often used by soil survey agencies to characterize the shrink-swell behaviour of soil. Undisturbed clods or cores are required but these are rarely collected during routine survey in Australia. The standard linear shrinkage test (LSstd) uses sieved soil and is often used as an alternative. However, the natural soil fabric is destroyed and the results can be difficult to relate to field behaviour. We have developed a modified linear shrinkage test (LSmod) in which disruption to the natural soil fabric is minimized. The LSmod was found to be a good predictor of COLEstd)(r2 = 0-88) with the slope of the regression line close to unity. LSstd was a weaker predictor of COLEstd. LSmod and LSstd were more precise measures than COLEstd. The modified method has been tested on a limited range of soils but a more comprehensive evaluation is required. This can be performed wherever COLEstd measurements have been made and sieved material is still available.

scholarly journals Shrinkage Behavior of Peat – Polymer Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soil ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Cylindrical Sample ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Polymer Mixtures ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acrylic Copolymer ◽  
Fibrous Peat ◽  
Sample Measurement ◽  
Shrinkage Behavior

Peat soil is a challenging soil with brownish-black in color, consist of high decomposed organic material, high moisture content (>100%), high compressibility (0.9-1.5), low shear strength (5-20 kPa) and high organic matter (>75%). Peat with high moisture experienced it’s highest decreased of moisture when dried. With the larger shrinkage capacity, the fibrous peat are able to reduce the volume up to 50% following air drying. The objective of this study is to identify the shrinkage behavior of original peat and stabilized peat by using Vinyl Acetate – Acrylic Copolymer (VAAC). In this study, a laboratory investigation was conducted by using bar linear shrinkage and cylindrical sample measurement. This polymer can be used to increase the strength of soil and also able to fill the pore medium thus create water proof surface upon drying. Hence the moisture loss can be control and the shrinkage can be reduced. Results show that the value of original peat shrinkage is 26.17% and 28% for bar linear shrinkage method and cylindrical sample measurement method respectively. After added VAAC mixtures, the shrinkage reduce up to 9% and 12% for both method. Hence, this VAAC polymer can be concluded as a good agent to control the shrinkage problems.

scholarly journals Left ventricle ejection fraction estimation by point of care echocardiography in patients admitted in intensive care unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Suraj Rana ◽  
Bishow Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Chiranjibi Pant ◽  
Shital Adhikari ◽  
Sudhir Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Background: Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) by non-cardiologist is a safe and rapidly evolving diagnostic modality for the assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study aims to correlate the eyeball estimation of LVEF (EBEF) with modified Simpson’s method and linear measurement in M-mode parasternal long axis view (PLAX). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College. POCUS was performed in all ICU patients on the day of admission with optimal image acquisition and LVEF was estimated by three different methods and correlation of results were analyzed.  Results: Out of total 52 patients studied, median age was 58.38 ± 17.58 years (range: 24 – 89 years). There were 28 males (53.8%) and 24 females (46.2%) in this study. LVEF measured by eyeballing method and modified Simpson’s method had excellent correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.956, P<0.001). However, there was only a good correlation (r= 0.882, P<0.001) between linear measurement method in M-mode view and Simpson’s method. It was found that eyeballing method underestimates EF as measured by Simpson’s method by an average of 2.33% (95% CI: 1.12 – 3.55%).Similarly, EF measurement by linear method overestimates EF as compared to results observed by Simpson’s method by an average of 6.57% (95% CI: 4.87 – 8.27%). Conclusions: Excellent correlation was observed between EBEF and modified Simpson’s method while linear measurements in M-mode may give incorrect estimation of EF especially in patients with regional wall motion abnormality.

scholarly journals Soil Velocity Profile on Soft Soil Using Seismic Refraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1549-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Jazlan Mad Said ◽  
Adnan Zainorabidin ◽  
Aziman Madun
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Velocity Range ◽  
P Wave Velocity

Soil velocity profile often used as subsurface characterization by using geophysical technic. Seismic refraction is one of geophysical technique to determine primary wave (p-wave) velocity of soil profile. In this paper, seismic refraction technique has been performed on two different types of soft soil (peat soil and RECESS clay) for comparison of its p-wave velocity soil profile. From p-wave velocity soil profile comparison, its show the peat soil has soil velocity range from 211 m/s – 534 m/s at depth of 0 – 4 m while the soft clay show soil velocity range from 248 m/s – 1842 m/s at depth of 0 – 5.5 m. The profiles of peat soils and RECESS clay have been verified using peat samplers and existing borehole data. Both of velocity soil profiles, indicated that peat soil have lower velocity compare with soft clay due to its unique and soft soil characteristics. The difference of p-wave velocity soil profile between peat soil and soft clay are clearly showed both soils have different soil p-wave velocity with different soils characteristics.

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