Multi-Cycle Photodegradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes by New TiO2/DSAT Immobilization System

2016 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Izhan Nawawi ◽  
S.K. Ain ◽  
R. Zaharudin ◽  
Sudirman Sahid
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Reactive Red 4 ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst was generally immobilized onto glass plate support material by employing double sided adhesive tape (DSAT) as a thin layer binder. The photocatalytic performance of this new non-additive immobilization system was observed under the degradation of two different charges of dyes namely anionic reactive red 4 (RR4) and cationic methylene blue (MB) dyes. Photocatalytic degradation of RR4 and MB dyes under immobilized TiO2/DSAT were compared with TiO2 in suspension mode respectively. Immobilized TiO2/DSAT was observed to have up to 30 cycles of reusability thanks to DSAT that is able to provide a very strong intact between the glass plate and TiO2 layers. In fact, a better photodegradation activity was observed by number of photocatalysis cycles due to increasing pores formation on TiO2 surface as observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.

scholarly journals New TiO2/DSAT Immobilization System for Photodegradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Izhan Nawawi Wan Ismail ◽  
S. K. Ain ◽  
R. Zaharudin ◽  
Ali H. Jawad ◽  
M. A. M. Ishak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Reactive Red 4

A new immobilized TiO2technique was prepared by coating TiO2solution onto double-sided adhesive tape (DSAT) as a thin layer binder without adding any organic additives. Glass plate was used as support material to immobilized TiO2/DSAT. Two different charges of dyes were applied, namely, anionic reactive red 4 (RR4) and cationic methylene blue (MB) dyes. Photocatalytic degradation of RR4 and MB dyes was observed under immobilized TiO2/DSAT with the degradation rate slightly lower and higher, respectively, compared with TiO2in suspension mode. It was observed that DSAT is able to provide a very strong intact between glass and TiO2layers thus making the reusability of immobilized TiO2/DSAT be up to 30 cycles. In fact, a better photodegradation activity was observed by number of cycles due to increasing formation of pores on TiO2surface observed by SEM analysis.

SEM analysis of fish scale cross sections: A technique study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 744-745
Author(s):  
M.E. Lee ◽  
A. Moller ◽  
P.S.O. Fouche ◽  
I.G Gaigher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy of fish scales has facilitated the application of micro-structures to systematics. Electron microscopy studies have added more information on the structure of the scale and the associated cells, many problems still remain unsolved, because of our incomplete knowledge of the process of calcification. One of the main purposes of these studies has been to study the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of both calcified and decalcified scales, and associated cells, and to obtain more information on the mechanism of calcification in the scales. The study of a calcified scale with the electron microscope is complicated by the difficulty in sectioning this material because of the close association of very hard tissue with very soft tissues. Sections often shatter and blemishes are difficult to avoid. Therefore the aim of this study is firstly to develop techniques for the preparation of cross sections of fish scales for scanning electron microscopy and secondly the application of these techniques for the determination of the structures and calcification of fish scales.

Pervaporation Dehydration of Isopropanol–Water Mixtures Using Chitosan Zeolite–A Membranes

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Ghazali Mohd. Nawawi ◽  
Le T. Ngoc Tram
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Homogeneous Solution ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Membranes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Kajian pervaporasi (PV) penyahidratan isopropanol (IPA) menggunakan membran kitosan terubahsuai telah dijalankan. Membran disediakan daripada kitosan dan diubahsuai menggunakan zeolite–A. Zeolit–A yang diketahui beratnya ditambahkan ke dalam pelarut berasid dan diaduk untuk menghasilkan larutan homogen. Kepingan kitosan kemudian ditambahkan ke dalam larutan tersebut dan diaduk semalaman. Pelbagai nisbah zeolit–A dan kitosan daripada 1:20 hingga 1:2 digunakan untuk menghasilkan membran kitosan terubahsuai. Larutan kitosan–zeolit–A dituangkan ke atas plat kaca dan dikeringkan pada suhu bilik. Membran yang dikeringkan kemudian dirawat dengan larutan alkali dan dibasuh di dalam air ternyahion. Sifat hidrofilik membran dikaji melalui ujian pengembungan. Ujian dijalankan dalam campuran 90 wt.% IPA–air. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa darjah pengembungan berkurangan dengan penambahan zeolit–A. Sifat mekanikal membran dikaji untuk kekuatan tegangan dan pemanjangan pada takat putus. Kemudian, membran tersebut dikaji untuk pemisahan campuran IPA–air pada tekanan 720 mmHg di bawah vakum. Kepekatan suapan diubah daripada 0 hinga 95 wt.% IPA dan suhu suapan diubah daripada 30 hingga 70°C. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa nisbah 1:8 antara zeolit dan kitosan menghasilkan kombinasi terbaik untuk mengubahsuai membran bagi pemisahan campuran IPA–air. Struktur morfologi membran kitosan–zeolit–A dengan nisbah 1:8 dan 1:2 berat zeolit–A/berat kiotsan dikaji menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa membran yang dihasilkan adalah padat dan tiada liang dapat diperhatikan. Penambahan zeolit tidak mengubah struktur membran. Kata kunci: Pervaporasi, penyahidratan, membrane, kitosan, zeolite-A, isopropanol Pervaporation (PV) dehydration of isopropanol (IPA) using modified chitosan membranes was studied. The membranes were prepared from chitosan and modified by using zeolite–A. Pre–weighed amount of zeolite–A was added into acidic solvent and stirred to produce homogeneous solution. Chitosan flakes were then added into the solution and stirred overnight. Various ratios of zeolite–A and chitosan from 1:20 to 1:2 were used to produce the modified chitosan membranes. The chitosan–zeolite A solution was casted on a glass plate and dried at room temperature. The dried membranes were treated with alkaline solution and thoroughly washed in deionized water. The hydrophilicity of the membranes was studied through the swelling test. The test was carried out in a 90 wt% IPA–water mixture. The result showed that the degree of swelling decreased with the increase of the amount of zeolite–A. The mechanical properties of membranes were also tested for the tensile strength and elongation at break. Then, the membranes were investigated for the PV separation of IPA–water mixtures at the permeate pressure of 720 mmHg under vacuum. The feed concentration was varied from 0 to 95 wt% IPA, and the feed temperature was varied from 30 to 70°C. The results showed that the ratio 1:8 of zeolite–A and chitosan produced the best combination to modify the membrane for the separation of water–IPA mixtures. The structural morphologies of the chitosan filled zeolite–A membranes with ratio 1:8 and 1:2 wt zeolite–A/wt chitosan was studied under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the membranes were dense, and no pores were visible. The addition of the zeolite did not alter the structure of the membranes. Key words: Pervaporation, dehydration, membrane, chitosan, zeolite-A, isopropanol

Development of Alginate Based Active Films Containing Turmeric Essential Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
Sophoan Phal ◽  
Muhammad Rafiullah Khan ◽  
Pattarin Leelaphiwat ◽  
Vanee Chonhenchob
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Control Film ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sodium alginate based films containing turmeric oil (TEO) at different concentrations (1, 2 and 3%) were developed. The film with no TEO was used as control. Incorporation of TEO had the effects on the film properties. With increasing TEO concentrations, thickness, elongation at break, permeability of oxygen and water vapor of the films significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased. Whereas moisture content, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed more numerous pores and rougher surface of the antifungal films than the control film.

Morphology and innervation of mouthpart sensilla in larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Maxillary Palp ◽  
Labial Palp ◽  
Gustatory Sensilla ◽  
Scanning Electron

The structure and innervation as determined by methylene blue techniques of the sensilla of the maxillary palp, galea, mandible, labrum, and labial palp of the spruce budworm larva are described, based on light and scanning electron microscopy. An attempt is made to identify the function of various sensilla by comparing them with those of other insects. The function of the gustatory sensilla on the galea and epipharynx is confirmed electrophysiologically.

Deepwater sculpin, Myoxocephalus thompsoni (Girard) from a Pleistocene nodule, Green Creek, Ontario, Canada

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1621-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Champagne ◽  
C. R. Harington ◽  
Don E. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Lacustrine Environment ◽  
Clay Matrix ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Ultraviolet Lamp

A nodule containing the cranium of a deepwater sculpin, Myoxocephalus thompsoni (Girard), was discovered in Pleistocene Champlain Sea deposits at Green Creek, 10 km east of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and represents the first fossil reported for the species. It provides an additional basis for refuting derivation of the species from a post-Wisconsin marine submergence and suggests an origin at the beginning of the Wisconsin or earlier. Habitat preferences of the species favour an oligotrophic lacustrine environment with bottom summer temperatures below 8 °C in the Champlain Sea or nearby lake basin. The head length of the fossil is 28 mm, the estimated standard length 86 mm. Use of a longwave ultraviolet lamp with the fossil improved contrast between the bones and the clay matrix in photographs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of bone in the fossil failed to detect the presence of strontium.

The adsorption of methylene blue on montmorillonite from acid solutions

Clay Minerals ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Klika ◽  
P. Pustková ◽  
M. Dudová ◽  
P. Čapková ◽  
Ch. Kliková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Adsorption Wave ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on montmorillonite from acid solutions has not yet been studied in detail. In this paper the adsorption of this dye on Ca/SAz montmorillonite from 0.32, 0.80 and 1.60 M HCl solutions at ambient temperature and after 2 hours leaching was carefully studied and evaluated. Under the above conditions the MB/SAz intercalates formed are practically insoluble. In contrast to the adsorption of methylene blue on montmorillonite from aqueous solutions, the adsorption from acid solutions consists of two adsorption waves. The intercalated samples from the first and second waves were studied using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FTIR, Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with a microprobe system. The adsorption of MB in the first wave is attributed to ion exchange of the dye cationic species (MB+, MB22+, H-aggregates, MBH2+ and H+) for the original interlayer cations of montmorillonite. The percentages of MBH2+ and H+ based on total adsorbed MB were estimated for varying HCl concentrations. The second adsorption wave is linked to the precipitation of MB species on the outer MB/SAz surface.

Morphology of Lignin-Polyurethane Blends

1989 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Feldman ◽  
M.A. Lacasse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe morphology of blended polyurethane (PU) sealants was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The PU was modifided by mechanical mixing with various amounts of Lignin (L) to achieve a homogeneous blend. Specimens were subjected to control (C), accelerated weathering (AW), and natural weathering (NW) conditions. Results obtained from SEM analysis reveal an even distribution of L particles in the PU matrix. Furthermore, the SEM photomicrographs clearly emphasize the differing morphologies of the constituent phases. They also depict the differences in surface texture between control and aged specimens. The DSC analysis shows that the two phases are immiscible which is in agreement with observations by microscopy.

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