Influence of Heat Treatment on Interface Structure of Stainless Steel/Gray Iron Bimetallic Layered Castings

2017 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Khalid M. Hafez ◽  
K.S. Abdel Halim ◽  
N. Fathy ◽  
Tadachika Chiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Interface Layer ◽  
Gray Iron ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature Annealing ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Interface Structures

The present study is undertaken to investigate the influence of annealing and normalizing heat treatment on the bimetallic interface microstructures of 304 stainless steel and gray cast iron. The current work is aim to control the bimetal interface microstructures by different types of heat treatment processes to improve performance of the bimetallic castings performance. For low temperature annealing, specimens are heated to 760 0C for 60 min in an electrical heating furnace. For high temperature annealing and normalizing, specimens are heated to 920 0C for 120 and 240 min. A different interface structures are obained for all heat treated samples. Annealing and normalizing induce a significant effect on the diffusion of C and Cr elements and slightly effect on the diffusion of Ni element. Thickness of interface layer 1 (austenite + carbide) increases by increasingthe annealing temperature.

Microstructure and Properties of Heat-Treated 440C Martensitic Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hawa Mohamed Salleh ◽  
Mohd Nazree Derman ◽  
Mohd Zaidi Omar ◽  
Junaidi Syarif ◽  
S. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferrite Matrix ◽  
Rapid Quenching ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample

440C martensitic stainless steels are widely used because of their good mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of 440C martensitic stainless steel were evaluated after heat treatment of these materials at various types of heat treatment processes. The initial part of this investigation focused on the microstructures of these 440C steels. Microstructure evaluations from the as-received to the as-tempered condition were described. In the as-received condition, the formations of ferrite matrix and carbide particles were observed in this steel. In contrast, the precipitation of M7C3carbides and martensitic structures were present in this steel due to the rapid quenching process from the high temperature condition. After precipitation heat treatment, the Cr-rich M23C6carbides were identified within the structures. Moreover, a 30 minutes heat-treated sample shows the highest value of hardness compared to the others holding time. Finally, the tempering process had been carried out to complete the whole heat treatment process in addition to construct the secondary hardening phenomenon. It is believed that this phenomenon influenced the value of hardness of the 440C steel.

Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and metallurgical properties of the explosively bonded 304 stainless steel—CK45 steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Khanzadeh Gharah Shiran ◽  
Seyyed Javad Mohammadi Baygi ◽  
Seyed Rahim Kiahoseyni ◽  
Hamid Bakhtiari ◽  
Mohsen Allah Dadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Standoff Distance ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Vortex Nature ◽  
Impact Kinetic Energy ◽  
The Impact

In this research, the effects of heat treatment are studied on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the explosive bonding of 304 stainless steel plates and CK45 carbon steel with a constant explosive load and various standoff distances. The samples are heat treated in a furnace for 2-h and 4-h at 250℃ and 350℃. The results imply that by increasing the standoff distance from 4 to 5 mm, the impact kinetic energy increases and severe plastic deformation occurs in the bonding interface. The metallography results indicate the wave-vortex nature of the interface with the increase of standoff distance. In addition, heat treatment for 2 h at 350℃ leads to an increase in the thicknesses of intermetallic compounds in the interface. Also, the hardness decreases from 271 to 171 Vickers, and from 279 to 195 Vickers with 2 h of heat treatment at 350℃ in samples with standoff distances of 4 and 5 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the strengths of the samples decrease from 449 to 371 MPa, and from 510 to 433 MPa, respectively. Hardness and strength changes occur due to changes in the thickness of the intermetallic area and an increase in grain sizes.

scholarly journals Interface Structure and Elements Diffusion of As-Cast and Annealed Ductile Iron/Stainless Steel Bimetal Castings

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2709-2714
Author(s):  
M. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Interfacial Microstructure ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Low Temperature Annealing ◽  
Interface Layers

Bimetal casting is considered to a promising technique for the production of high performance function materials. Heat treatment process for bimetal castings became an essential tool for improving interface structure and metallurgical diffusion bond. Molten iron alloy with carbon equivalent of 4.40 is poured into sand mold cavities containing solid 304 stainless steel strips insert. Specimens are heated to 7200C in an electrical heating furnace and holded at 720 0C for 60min and 180min. For as-cast specimens, a good coherent interface structure of ductile cast iron/304 stainless bimetal with four layers interfacial microstructure are obtained. Low temperature annealing at 720oC has a significat effect on the interface layers structure, where, three layers of interface structure are obtained after 180min annealing time because of the complete dissolving of thin layer of ferrite and multi carbides (Layer 2). Low temperature annealing shows a significant effect on the diffusion of C and otherwise shows slightly effect on the diffusion of Cr and Ni. Plearlite phase of Layer 3 is trsformed to spheroidal shape instead of lamallar shape in as-cast bimetals by low tempeature annealing at 720oC. The percent of the performed spheroidal cementit increases by increasing anneaaling time. Hardness of interface layers is changed by low temperauture annealing due to the significant carbon deffussion.

Joining of Dissimilar 6063 Aluminium Alloy – 316L Stainless Steel by Spot Welding: Tensile Shear Strength and Heat Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 492-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Noor Mazlee ◽  
Alvin Tan Yin Zhen ◽  
Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin ◽  
Nur Farhana Hayazi ◽  
Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Tensile Shear Strength ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
6063 Aluminum Alloy

Tensile shear strength and ageing treatment of dissimilar 6063 aluminum alloy-316L stainless steel joint fabricated by spot welding were investigated. The results showed that tensile shear strength increased with the increasing of welding current. The enhancement of tensile shear strength of the joints was due to the enlargement of the nugget diameter. It was also found that the tensile shear strength values for heat treated joint almost similar to that of non-heat treated joint.

Problems Associated with Heat Treated Parts

2021 ◽  
pp. 307-325
Author(s):  
Jon L. Dossett
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Quenching Media ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Nonferrous Alloys

Abstract This article introduces some of the general sources of heat treating problems with particular emphasis on problems caused by the actual heat treating process and the significant thermal and transformation stresses within a heat treated part. It addresses the design and material factors that cause a part to fail during heat treatment. The article discusses the problems associated with heating and furnaces, quenching media, quenching stresses, hardenability, tempering, carburizing, carbonitriding, and nitriding as well as potential stainless steel problems and problems associated with nonferrous heat treatments. The processes involved in cold working of certain ferrous and nonferrous alloys are also covered.

Biocompatibility Comparison of Stainless Steel, Gold-Coated, and Heat-Treated Gold-Coated Endovascular Stents

2001 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa S. Morss ◽  
Philip Seifert ◽  
Adam Groothius ◽  
Danielle Bornstein ◽  
Campbell Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Gold Coating ◽  
Endovascular Stents ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Negative Effect

ABSTRACTEndovascular stents can be altered to improve radioopacity by applying a gold coating. We examined the vascular response in porcine coronary arteries to implantation of 9 mm NIR® stents that were either left intact, gold-coated, or heat-treated following gold coating. Our results show that while gold coating exacerbates neointimal hyperplasia and the inflammatory response, heat treatment removes this negative effect. Heat treatment was shown to increase the diffusion at the gold-steel interface and reduce the surface roughness.

Study on the Heat-Treatment of Clad Plate for Cutting Tools

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 916-919
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Yuan ◽  
Jing Tao Han ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Uniform Microstructure ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Cutting Tool Materials

High sharpness, abrasion resistance, superior ductility, and processability are required in cutting tool materials application. Used 304(0Cr18Ni9) austenitic stainless steel as cladding and 440(7Cr17) martensitic stainless steel as core layer to produce excellently combined stainless steel plate by hot-rolled bonding in this investigation as well as researched various heat treatment processes. The results indicated that the core layer has high hardness and the cladding layer has tiny and uniform microstructure by the method of heating at 10501070°C for 15 minutes, water-cooling , then tempering at 200°C.

scholarly journals Residual Stresses Induced by Surface Working and Their Improvement by Emery Paper Polishing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Makoto Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Emery Paper ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Type 304 Stainless Steel

In many of machine parts and structural components, materials surface would be worked. In this study, residual stresses on the surfaces were measured by X-ray diffraction method, and effects of surface working on the residual stresses were examined. In case of lathe machining of type 304 stainless steel bar, the residual stresses in circumferential directions are tensile, and those in axial directions are almost compressive. Highly tensile residual stresses in the circumferential directions were improved by emery paper polishing. 10 to 20 times of polishing changes high tensile residual stresses to compressive residual stresses. In the case of shot peening on a type 304 stainless steel plate, the compressive residual stress inside is several hundred MPa lower than that on the surface. By applying the emery paper polishing to the shot peened surface 10 or 20 times, the residual stress on the surface is improved to −700 MPa. While fatigue strength at 288 °C in the air of the shot peened material is 30 MPa higher than solution heat treated and electro-polished material, the fatigue strength of the shot peened and followed by emery paper polished material is 60 MPa higher. Thus, the emery paper polishing is simple and a very effective process for improvement of the residual stresses.

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