Adaptability of Cornus Alba Seedling under Drought Stress in Highway Greening

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 3262-3267
Author(s):  
Wen Yuan Xu ◽  
Long Sun ◽  
Li Qiang Mu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Cornus Alba

The drought resistance adaptation mechanism of highway greening plants was always the focal point which the researcher payed attention. This experiment took Cornus alba as the study object and examines its resistance to drought stress by using the potting and water control method. The researcher measured bond water content, water saturation deficit, relevant water content, relevant content of osmotic water, and osmotic potential when full turgor and turgor were both zero. Other water condition indexes also were analyzed systematically. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation on the drought resistance of Cornus alba by fuzzy mathematics’ anti-membership function was conducted. According to the experiment result, Cornus alba had the highest drought resistance at B-level treatment (soil water content: 53.60%), followed by D-level (soil water content: 29.90%) treatment. Cornus alba had strong endurance and resistance to drought stress. This study could provide a scientific basis for the future introduction of other urban greenbelt plants and the choice of excellent traits.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Diverse Tall Fescue Cultivars to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Hongwen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Limiting Factors

Drought is among the most limiting factors for turfgrass growth. Understanding genetic variations and physiological mechanisms in turfgrass drought resistance would facilitate breeding and management programs to improve drought resistance. The experiment was designed to investigate shoot physiological responses of six tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars representing several generations of turfgrass improvement to drought stress. Grasses were grown in well-watered or drying (nonirrigated) soil for 35 days in the greenhouse. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), relative water content (RWC), and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) declined during drought progression in all cultivars, but the time and the severity of reductions varied with cultivar and physiological factors. The values of Pn, RWC, gs, and Tr decreased significantly for `Rebel Jr', `Bonsai', and `Phoenix' when soil water content declined to 20% after 9 days of treatment (DOT) and for `Houndog V', `Kentucky-31', and `Falcon II' when soil water content dropped to 10% at 15 DOT. A significant decrease in Fv/Fm was not observed in drought-stressed plants until 21 DOT for `Rebel Jr', `Bonsai', and `Phoenix' and 28 DOT for `Houndog V', `Kentucky-31', and `Falcon II'. The decline in Pn resulted mainly from internal water deficit and stomatal closure under mild drought-stress conditions. After a prolonged period of drought stress (35 DOT), `Falcon II', `Houndog V', and `Kentucky-31' maintained higher Pn than did `Rebel Jr', `Bonsai', and `Phoenix', which could be attributed to their higher Fv/Fm. This study demonstrated variation in drought resistance among tall fescue cultivars, which was related to their differential responses in photosynthetic capacity and water relations.

The Effect of Dry Pegging Zone Soil on Pod Formation of Florunner Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sexton ◽  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Pod Development

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fruit growth is sensitive to surface soil (0-5 cm) conditions due to its subterranean fruiting habit. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soil water content in the pegging zone (0-5 cm) on peanut pod growth rate and development. A pegging-pan-root-tube apparatus was used to separately control soil water content in the pegging and root zone for greenhouse trials. A field study also was conducted using portable rainout shelters to create a soil water deficit. Pod phenology, pod and seed growth rates, and final pod and seed dry weights were determined. In greenhouse studies, dry pegging zone soil delayed pod and seed development. In the field, soil water deficits in the pegging and root zone decreased pod and seed growth rates by approximately 30% and decreased weight per seed from 563 to 428 mg. Pegs initiating growth during drought stress demonstrated an ability to suspend development during the period of soil water deficit and to re-initiate pod development after the drought stress was relieved.

scholarly journals 278 Gas Exchange and Water Relations of Diverse Tall Fescue Cultivars in Response to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 490C-490
Author(s):  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Hongwen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Relative Water

To investigate shoot physiological responses to drought stress of six tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivars representing several generations of turfgrass improvement, forage-type `Kentucky-31', turf-type `Phoenix', `Phoenix', and `Houndog V', and dwarf-type `Rebel Jr` and `Bonsai' were grown in well-watered or drying soil for 35 days in a greenhouse. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), relative water content (RWC), and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) declined during drought progression in all cultivars, but the time and the severity of reductions varied with cultivars and physiological factors. Pn, RWC, gs, and Tr decreased significantly for `Rebel Jr', `Bonsai', and `Phoenix' when soil water content declined to 20% after 9 days of treatment (DOT) and for `Falcon II', `Houndog V', and `Kentucky-31' when soil water content dropped to 10% at 15 DOT. A significant decrease in Fv/Fm was not observed in drought-stressed plants until 21 DOT for `Rebel Jr', `Bonsai', and `Phoenix' and 28 DOT for `Houndog V', `Kentucky-31', and `Falcon II'. The decline in Pn was due mostly to internal water deficit and stomatal closure under short-term or mild drought-stress conditions. After a prolonged period of drought (35 DOT), higher Pn in `Falcon II', `Houndog V', and `Kentucky-31' could be attributed to their higher Fv/Fm.

scholarly journals Drought Resistance in Centipedegrass Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1528-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Hook ◽  
Wayne W. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides ◽  
Moderate Stress

In our study, we sought to determine if an experimental cultivar of centipedegrass [`TC178'; Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] had superior turf characteristics under extended droughts. Common centipedegrass (CC), vegetatively propagated `TC178' (VG178), and seed-propagated (F3) `TC178' (SD178) were evaluated in a 2-year controlled watering study that compared turf characteristics and drought resistance. The grasses were established under an automated rainfall shelter and were subjected to three drought regimes: watered twice per week (no stress), 2 to 3 weeks between watering (moderate), and 4 to 6 weeks between watering (severe). Turf characteristics (visual rating and clipping biomass) were measured weekly and soil water content profiles were measured daily. Visual ratings among cultivars were similar for no-stress conditions, but visual ratings of SD178 and VG178 were 18% higher than for CC for moderate stress and 28% higher for severe stress. At the end of moderate stress periods, clipping biomass of VG178 was 24% greater than for CC, but by the end of the severe stress periods, biomass from VG178 was 22% lower than for CC. Available soil water content profiles indicated that the three cultivars extracted soil water at the same rate. Visual ratings and growth decline with survival under severe stress showed that VG178 and SD178 had significantly better drought resistance than CC. `TC178' provides a superior appearance turf that will stand up to the droughts common in its adapted region.

scholarly journals Drought stress tolerance of two wheat genotypes

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue No. 1) ◽  
pp. S95-S104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lukács ◽  
G. Pártay ◽  
T. Németh ◽  
S. Csorba ◽  
C. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Biotic and abiotic stress effects can limit the productivity of plants to great extent. In Hungary, drought is one of the most important constrains of biomass production, even at the present climatic conditions. The climate change scenarios, developed for the Carpathian basin for the nearest future predict further decrease in surface water resources. Consequently, it is essential to develop drought stress tolerant wheat genotypes to ensure sustainable and productive wheat production under changed climate conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare the stress tolerance of two winter wheat genotypes at two different scales. Soil water regime and development of plants, grown in a pot experiment and in large undisturbed soil columns were evaluated. The pot experiments were carried out in a climatic room in three replicates. GK Élet wheat genotype was planted in six, and Mv Emese in other six pots. Two pots were left without plant for evaporation studies. Based on the mass of the soil columns without plant the evaporation from the bare soil surface was calculated in order to distinguish the evaporation and the transpiration with appropriate precision. A complex stress diagnosis system was developed to monitor the water balance elements. ECH<sub>2</sub>O type capacitive soil moisture probes were installed in each of the pots to perform soil water content measurements four times a day. The irrigation demand was determined according to the hydrolimits, derived from soil hydrophysical properties. In case of both genotypes three plants were provided with the optimum water supply, while the other three ones were drought-stressed. In the undisturbed soil columns, the same wheat genotypes were sawn in one replicate. Similar watering strategy was applied. TDR soil moisture probes were installed in the soil at various depths to monitor changes in soil water content. In order to study the drought stress reaction of the wheat plants, microsensors of 1.6 mm diameter were implanted into the stems and connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for gas analysis. The stress status was indicated in the plants grown on partly non-irrigated soil columns by the lower CO<sub>2</sub> level at both genotypes. It was concluded that the developed stress diagnosis system could be used for soil water balance elements calculations. This enables more precise estimation of plant water consumption in order to evaluate the drought sensitivity of different wheat genotypes.

scholarly journals Corn and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Transpiration in Response to Drying Soil

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared J. Schmidt ◽  
Erin E. Blankenship ◽  
John L. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Daily Transpiration

Soil water availability is the most important factor limiting crop yield worldwide. Understanding crop and weed transpiration in response to water supply may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of crop yield loss in water-limited environments. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to quantify corn and velvetleaf transpiration in response to drying soil. Five plants of each species were well watered by adding back the equivalent water loss each day to reach field capacity, and five plants were subjected to drought stress (dry-down) by not replacing lost water. Normalized daily transpiration of dry-down plants was regressed on soil water content expressed as the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW). The critical soil water content below which plants begin to close their stomates occurred at FTSWcr= 0.36 ± 0.015 for corn and 0.41 ± 0.018 for velvetleaf. Total water transpired did not differ among species. Velvetleaf also responded to drought by senescing its oldest leaves, whereas corn mainly maintained its leaf area but with rolled leaves during peak drought stress. During a short-term drought, corn is expected to perform better than velvetleaf because it maintains full transpiration to a lower FTSW and does not senesce its leaves. Under severe long-term drought, the species that closes its stomates at greater FTSWcrwill conserve water and increase its chances of survival. Moreover, senescing all but the youngest leaves may ensure at least some seed production. Research is needed to evaluate the effects of soil water supply on corn–velvetleaf interference in the field.

Differential response of two Vicia faba cultivars to drought: Growth, pigments, lipid peroxidation, organic solutes, catalase and peroxidase activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. El-Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Chl A

A study on the germination of five Vicia faba cultivars exposed to polyethylene glycol-induced water stress indicated that cv Giza 40 showed the highest germination capacity and cv Giza 667 the lowest. The effect of low soil water content was studied on the plant growth, photosynthetic pigment content, organic solutes, relative water content (RWC), lipid peroxidation, membrane stability index (MSI), and the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activity in the leaves of 21-day-old Vicia faba cv Giza 40 and cv Giza 667 plants. With respect to dry weight (DW), drought caused a greater decrease in cv Giza 667 than in cv Giza 40, indicating that cv Giza 40 was more tolerant of low soil water content. Drought decreased the Chl a, Chl b and carotenoid contents and the Chl a/b and carotenoid/Chl a+b ratios in the leaves of cv Giza 667, while in cv Giza 40 a significant increase in these pigment parameters was observed under drought stress. Drought caused a decrease in RWC and MSI and an increase in the lipid peroxidation level and in the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activity in both the cultivars, but the decline in RWC and MSI and the increase in lipid peroxidation level in response to drought stress were greater in cv Giza 667 than in cv Giza 40. The CAT and POX activities were higher in Giza 40 than in Giza 667 under both control and drought conditions. Drought induced the accumulation of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, free amino acids and proline in both cultivars. However, this accumulation was lower in cv Giza 667 than in the more tolerant cv Giza 40. These results indicate that cv Giza 40 showed better protection against drought-induced oxidative stress through higher CAT and POX activities and osmolyte concentrations than cv Giza 667.

scholarly journals Influence of biostimulants and media compositions on growth and yield of Capsicum annuum L. under drought stress conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budiyati Ichwan ◽  
Eliyanti Eliyanti ◽  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Agricultural Faculty, University of Jambi, Indonesia, from April through to September 2019. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biostimulants and media compositions on the growth and yield of chili pepper during restricted soil water content. The study was arranged in a split plot design with 3 replicates (groups). Different types of biostimulants (Citorin®, Hantu®, and a control) were designated as main plot, whereas media compositions (2:2:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1 and 1:1:2) made of soil+trichocompost+rice husk charcoal were employed as sub plot. At the time of transplanting, soil water content was set to approximately 75% of field capacity to create stress conditions. The results showed that the proper choice of biostimulant and medium composition could increase nutrient status, total sugar and chlorophyll contents, and reduce proline level in plants grown under restricted water availability. Citorin® application on chili plants grown on organic media (soil+trichocompost+rice husk charcoal) with ratio of 2:1:1 could be recommended to support plant growth and production under drought stress conditions.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Changes in Hydraulic Properties of Populus euphratica in Response to Drought Stress

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Duan Li ◽  
Jianhua Si ◽  
Xiaoyou Zhang ◽  
Yayu Gao ◽  
Huan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Hydraulic Safety ◽  
Safety Limit

Stable hydraulic conductivity in forest trees maintains the survival of trees which contribute to productivity in forest ecosystems. Drought conditions break down this relationship, but the mechanisms are poorly known. To increase the understanding of the mechanism of hydraulic characteristics during drought, we determined hydraulic parameters in Populus euphratica Oliv. (P. euphratica) in a time-series of drought using a high-pressure flow meter. We found that P. euphratica could enhance hydraulic transport in severe drought stress under a threshold of soil water content. Drought-induced loss of hydraulic conductance could seriously impair water transport capacity. The soil water content of about 4.5% in the rhizosphere could lead to canopy mortality yet maintain live roots. Hydraulic conductance could be changed under drought stress as a consequence of changes in the anatomical structure and physiology. Furthermore, there was also a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety. The consideration of hydraulic efficiency was first within the range of hydraulic safety limit. Once the hydraulic safety limit was reached, safety would be taken as the first consideration and hydraulic efficiency would be reduced. Research on the mechanism of hydraulic properties in riparian plants in arid areas provides a scientific basis for riparian forest restoration.

The influence of soil structure on heterotrophic respiration response to soil water content

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Herbst ◽  
Wolfgang Tappe ◽  
Sirgit Kummer ◽  
Harry Vereecken
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Soil Heterotrophic Respiration ◽  
Undisturbed Soils ◽  
Soil Water Saturation

&lt;p&gt;Soil respiration causes one of the largest terrestrial carbon fluxes and its accurate prediction is still a matter of on-going research. Understanding the functional link between soil heterotrophic respiration and soil water content is relevant for the estimation of climate change impacts on soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;In order to quantify the effect of air-drying and sieving with 2 mm meshes on the soil heterotrophic respiration response to water content we incubated intact cores and sieved samples of two loamy and two sandy agricultural topsoils for six levels of effective soil water saturation. We further measured soil textural properties and the soil water retention characteristics of the soils with the aim to identify potential correlations between soil physical parameters and moisture sensitivity functions of heterotrophic respiration.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;The incubation of sieved and intact soils showed distinct differences in the response of soil heterotrophic respiration to soil water saturation. The sieved soils exposed threshold-type behaviour, whereas the undisturbed soils exposed a quadratic increase of heterotrophic respiration with increasing effective soil water content. Additionally, we found significant correlations between the moisture response functions of the undisturbed soils and soil textural properties.&lt;br&gt;From the comparison of intact and sieved soil incubations we conclude that the destruction of soil structure by sieving hampers the transferability of measured soil moisture response of heterotrophic respiration to real-world conditions. For modelling purposes we suggest the use of a quadratic function between relative respiration and effective saturation for soils with a clay fraction &lt; 20 %.&lt;/p&gt;

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