Influences of Climate Change on Reliability of Bridge Superstructure

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 1549-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Bing Xie ◽  
Yuan Feng Wang ◽  
Ming Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Bridge Superstructure

Global climate change, including climate deterioration and extreme weather events, has serious impacts on reliability of bridge superstructure. Global warming and increasing velocity of wind associate with the increase of CO2 level play a dominate role in reliability degradation. For the highway bridge in offshore environment, a main factor of reinforcing steel corrosion is the invasion of chloride ion, which can cause durable damage of the structures. Moreover, temperature rises will increase corrosion rates. In addition, changes in maximum wind speeds may increase expected wind loads on bridge structures. This paper develops a reliability analysis model to assess the reliability degradation of the highway bridge superstructure under (i) base case, (ii) temperature rising case, (iii) wind speed changing case, and (iv) combination of case (ii) and case (iii). The process is illustrated by studying the reliability of a offshore highway bridge using simplified models of the structure. It is demonstrated that the reliability degradation will be greatly accelerated taking account of climate change. The life expectancy of the structure will be 10 years and 70 years lower than base case if the target reliability is 4.5.

scholarly journals Interrogating Climate Adaptation Financing in Zimbabwe: Proposed Direction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6517
Author(s):  
Innocent Chirisa ◽  
Trynos Gumbo ◽  
Veronica N. Gundu-Jakarasi ◽  
Washington Zhakata ◽  
Thomas Karakadzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Resource Base

Reducing vulnerability to climate change and enhancing the long-term coping capacities of rural or urban settlements to negative climate change impacts have become urgent issues in developing countries. Developing countries do not have the means to cope with climate hazards and their economies are highly dependent on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, water, and coastal zones. Like most countries in Southern Africa, Zimbabwe suffers from climate-induced disasters. Therefore, this study maps critical aspects required for setting up a strong financial foundation for sustainable climate adaptation in Zimbabwe. It discusses the frameworks required for sustainable climate adaptation finance and suggests the direction for success in leveraging global climate financing towards building a low-carbon and climate-resilient Zimbabwe. The study involved a document review and analysis and stakeholder consultation methodological approach. The findings revealed that Zimbabwe has been significantly dependent on global finance mechanisms to mitigate the effects of climate change as its domestic finance mechanisms have not been fully explored. Results revealed the importance of partnership models between the state, individuals, civil society organisations, and agencies. Local financing institutions such as the Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe (IDBZ) have been set up. This operates a Climate Finance Facility (GFF), providing a domestic financial resource base. A climate change bill is also under formulation through government efforts. However, numerous barriers limit the adoption of adaptation practices, services, and technologies at the scale required. The absence of finance increases the vulnerability of local settlements (rural or urban) to extreme weather events leading to loss of life and property and compromised adaptive capacity. Therefore, the study recommends an adaptation financing framework aligned to different sectoral policies that can leverage diverse opportunities such as blended climate financing. The framework must foster synergies for improved impact and implementation of climate change adaptation initiatives for the country.

scholarly journals Influences of Extreme Precipitation on China’s Mining Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6719
Author(s):  
Yuanzhe Liu ◽  
Wei Song
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Industrial Economic

Global climate change is increasingly influencing the economic system. With the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, the influences of climate change on the economic system are no longer limited to the agricultural sector, but extend to the industrial system. However, there is little research on the influences of climate change on industrial economic systems. Among the different sectors of the industrial economic system, the mining industry is more sensitive to the influences of climate change. Here, taking the mining industry as an example, we analyzed the influences of extreme precipitation on the mining industry using the trans-logarithm production function. In addition, the marginal output elasticity analysis method was employed to analyze the main factors influencing the mining industry. It was found that the mining investment in fixed assets, labor input, and technical progress could promote the development of the mining economy, while the extreme precipitation suppressed the growth of the mining industry. The increase in fixed asset investment and the technical progress could enhance the resistance of the mining industry to extreme precipitation, while there was no indication that labor input can reduce the influences of extreme precipitation.

scholarly journals Possible Effects of Climate Change on Ixodid Ticks and the Pathogens They Transmit: Predictions and Observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H Ogden ◽  
C Ben Beard ◽  
Howard S Ginsberg ◽  
Jean I Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Tick Survival

Abstract The global climate has been changing over the last century due to greenhouse gas emissions and will continue to change over this century, accelerating without effective global efforts to reduce emissions. Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs) are inherently climate-sensitive due to the sensitivity of tick lifecycles to climate. Key direct climate and weather sensitivities include survival of individual ticks, and the duration of development and host-seeking activity of ticks. These sensitivities mean that in some regions a warming climate may increase tick survival, shorten life-cycles and lengthen the duration of tick activity seasons. Indirect effects of climate change on host communities may, with changes in tick abundance, facilitate enhanced transmission of tick-borne pathogens. High temperatures, and extreme weather events (heat, cold, and flooding) are anticipated with climate change, and these may reduce tick survival and pathogen transmission in some locations. Studies of the possible effects of climate change on TTBDs to date generally project poleward range expansion of geographical ranges (with possible contraction of ranges away from the increasingly hot tropics), upslope elevational range spread in mountainous regions, and increased abundance of ticks in many current endemic regions. However, relatively few studies, using long-term (multi-decade) observations, provide evidence of recent range changes of tick populations that could be attributed to recent climate change. Further integrated ‘One Health’ observational and modeling studies are needed to detect changes in TTBD occurrence, attribute them to climate change, and to develop predictive models of public- and animal-health needs to plan for TTBD emergence.

The Influence of External Climate Environment on Safe Operation of Power System

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Ling Ling Pan ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Sheng Chun Yang ◽  
Shu Hai Feng ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events

Frequency and severity of some extreme weather events are increasing, and weather can impact the power system and its components in a number of ways. This paper identifies key technical issues facing the electric power industry, related to global climate change. The technical challenges arise from: 1) impacts on supply and demand balance; 2) impacts on system operating strategies, and power generation scheduling; 3) impacts on power grid structure, and power infrastructure response to extreme weather events; and 4) impacts on operation parameters of power system. The objective of this paper is to facilitate continued discussion of power systemclimate change interactions. To this end, this paper identifies key issues relating to the interactions between the electric power industry and global climate change. These issues will not be resolved quickly, and it requires sustained attention if they are to be resolved successfully.

scholarly journals Insect herbivory antagonizes leaf cooling responses to elevated temperature in tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 2211-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan E. Havko ◽  
Michael R. Das ◽  
Alan M. McClain ◽  
George Kapali ◽  
Thomas D. Sharkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Mechanical Wounding

As global climate change brings elevated average temperatures and more frequent and extreme weather events, pressure from biotic stresses will become increasingly compounded by harsh abiotic stress conditions. The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) promotes resilience to many environmental stresses, including attack by arthropod herbivores whose feeding activity is often stimulated by rising temperatures. How wound-induced JA signaling affects plant adaptive responses to elevated temperature (ET), however, remains largely unknown. In this study, we used the commercially important crop plant Solanum lycopersicum (cultivated tomato) to investigate the interaction between simulated heat waves and wound-inducible JA responses. We provide evidence that the heat shock protein HSP90 enhances wound responses at ET by increasing the accumulation of the JA receptor, COI1. Wound-induced JA responses directly interfered with short-term adaptation to ET by blocking leaf hyponasty and evaporative cooling. Specifically, leaf damage inflicted by insect herbivory or mechanical wounding at ET resulted in COI1-dependent stomatal closure, leading to increased leaf temperature, lower photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate, and growth inhibition. Pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 reversed these effects to recapitulate the phenotype of a JA-insensitive mutant lacking the COI1 receptor. As climate change is predicted to compound biotic stress with larger and more voracious arthropod pest populations, our results suggest that antagonistic responses resulting from a combination of insect herbivory and moderate heat stress may exacerbate crop losses.

scholarly journals Supporting Indigenous adaptation in a changing climate

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane H. Gauer ◽  
David M. Schaepe ◽  
John R. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
Community Institutions

Indigenous peoples are both disproportionately threatened by global climate change and uniquely positioned to enhance local adaptive capacities. We identify actions that support Indigenous adaptation based on organizational and community perspectives. Our data come from two Indigenous organizations that share cultural heritage stewardship missions—the Stó:lō Research and Resource Management Centre (Stó:lō Nation, British Columbia) and the Fort Apache Heritage Foundation (White Mountain Apache Tribe, Arizona). These organizations collaborated with us in exploring community perceptions of climate effects, investigating community adaptation opportunities and constraints, and identifying actions that support Indigenous adaptation. Research methods included engagement with organizational collaborators and semi-structured interviews with organizational representatives and community members and staff. Results confirm that Stó:lō and Apache territories and communities have experienced climate change impacts, such as changes in temperature, hydrology, and increase in extreme weather events. Climate effects are cumulative to colonial depletion of traditional environments and further reduce access to traditional resources, practices, and food security. Results indicated that certain actions are identified by community members as adaptation enablers across case studies—most prominently, perpetuation of Indigenous culture and knowledge, climate education that is tailored to local contexts, collaborative decision-making among community institutions, and integration of climate adaptation into ongoing organizational programs. We conclude that Indigenous-owned organizations are engaged in the expansion of adaptive capacity and hold potential to further support their communities.

scholarly journals Influence of Psychological Factors on Climate Change Perceptions Held by Local Farmers in the Northeast of Thailand

2015 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Suthirat Kittipongvises ◽  
Takashi Mino
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Change Perceptions ◽  
R 592

Global climate change is considered one of the most critical socio-ecological challenges of the 21st century. In recent years extreme weather events have increased significantly in Thailand asin other parts of the world. In most cases, climatic variability has always been associated with its implications for agriculture. To date, however, there has been inconclusive understanding of farmers’ capacity to detect climate change and its potential impact. This study therefore explores how Thai farmers perceive global climate change and, further, to examine the influence of psy-chological factors on these perceptions. The study used mixed research methods, with both quali-tative and quantitative approaches. Questionnaires were distributed to 70 randomly-selected agri-cultural households in Village 4 of the Nongbuasala sub-district, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The survey results indicated that the majority of respondents view climate change in terms of extreme high temperatures and flooding. Regression analysis also revealed positive correlations between perceptions of climate change and six psychological variables of awareness in general andmitigation, belief in the reality of climate change and human causes, feelings of worry, and self-efficacy (0.201 ≤ r≤ .592; p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, in terms of perceived barriers, three compo-nents of cognitive dissonance (r= -0.831), belief in limitation of lifestyle changes (r= -0.305) and fear (r= -0.283) were found to be negatively correlated with climate change perceptions by Thai farmers. Recommendations to deal with those perceived barriers are also discussed.

scholarly journals Organizational and economic mechanisms of preventizing the impact of climate change on urborural territories

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Hanna Obykhod ◽  
Alla Omelchenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Economic Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate change on the territory and population is only increasing every year. Extreme weather events are expected to be repetitive and difficult to predict. New research shows that the effects of global warming are felt in large cities, at least twice as strong as in rural areas. That is why taking the necessary precautionary measures becomes an urgent task. The key, according to researchers, is adaptation and prevention. The authors of the article, analyzing the prerequisites and consequences of climate change, propose a scheme of organizational and economic mechanisms to counteract climate change in complex urban environments. Long-term goals include reducing urban heat islands through urban planning and climate-friendly home design to create a conducive, non-air-conditioned environment. In order to maximize the effectiveness of such adaptation measures, active multidisciplinary collaboration is required with the involvement of professionals in many industries. The assessment of the impact of climate change on the environment and human health has identified a number of gaps in knowledge and problems in the implementation of appropriate health measures. The article substantiates the relevance of climate change research in Ukraine. In addition, the main results of the research on population safety in the global climate change are summarized. Factors of the impact of global climate change on the environment, man, society, economy and complex agglomerations are highlighted. The consequences of climate change of natural, economic and social nature are presented. Directions and measures to adapt natural and socio-economic systems to global climate change are substantiated. The classification of the mechanisms of counteraction and mitigation of the negative effects of global climate change is given.

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