Analysis of Multi-Stage and Dynamic Incomplete Information Game Model for EIA System in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1336-1341
Author(s):  
Xiao Pu ◽  
Bi Zhe Wang ◽  
Yi Ting Chen ◽  
Hong Guang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Public ◽  
Bayesian Equilibrium ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Selection Of

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has gradually developed in China while several problems still exist in the ecological environment protection implementation as the obstacles. This paper summarized the regular EIA process of China and picked up the stakeholders basis of case analyzing. A multi-stage and dynamic incomplete information game model was established to investigate the interactions among government, enterprises and EIA organizations and explain strategy selection of EIA participants according to perfect Bayesian equilibrium theory and scenario analysis. Furthermore, a suggestion was proposed to improve effectiveness of EIA system in China after discussing the present demerit. Results showed that in a short term, government and enterprises tended to choose evading EIA for their private benefits. But in a long run, they would be willing to take EIA because environmental deterioration would seriously affect their economic benefits. Thus they had to pursuit social benefits firstly instead. The public played a silent role as a victim in EIA system of China currently, caused by present beneficial balance of government, enterprises and EIA organizations. Some countermeasures must be brought out to develop the public participation regulation in the management system in order to break that balance and improve the effectiveness of EIA.

scholarly journals Honesty Pledges for the Behaviorally-based Regulation of Dishonesty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Peer ◽  
Yuval Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Term Effect ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioral Ethics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Very High

A common dilemma in regulation is determining how much trust authorities can place in people’s self-reports, especially in regulatory contexts where the incentive to cheat is very high. In such contexts, regulators, who are typically risk averse, do not readily confer trust, resulting worldwide in excessive requirements when applying for permits, licenses, and the like. Studies in behavioral ethics have suggested that asking people to ex-ante pledge to behave ethically can reduce their level of dishonesty and noncompliance. However, pledges might also backfire by allowing more people to cheat with no real sanctions. Additionally, pledges’ effects have only been studied in one-shot decision making, and they may only have a short-term effect that could decay in the long run, leading to an overall erosion of trust. We explored the interaction of pledges with sanctions and the decay of their effects on people’s honesty by manipulating whether pledges were accompanied by sanctions (fines) and testing their impact on sequential, repeated ethical decisions. We found that pledges considerably and consistently reduced dishonesty, and this effect was not crowded out by the presence of fines. Furthermore, pledges seem to exert an effect on most people, including those who are relatively less inclined to follow rules and norms. We conclude that pledges could be an effective tool for the behavioral regulation of dishonesty, reduce the regulatory burden, and build a more trusting relationship between government and the public, even in areas where incentives and opportunities to cheat are high.

Development of Electric Automobiles and Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 424-425 ◽  
pp. 945-948
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Bao Zhong Zhang ◽  
Xue Jie Zhou ◽  
Guo Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Reduction ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Charging Mode ◽  
Vehicle Charging

The problem of energy saving and environment protection has become more and more crucial in China. New promising technology that makes the problem solved is reviewed in this paper, including electric automobiles and electric vehicle charging systems. It is given the group of customers and charging mode of electric automobiles in China. It is suggested the matches between charging modes and vehicle types. In the short term, conventional gasoline or diesel vehicles is the most realistic and effective, while in the long run, China will meet the urgent challenges of energy crisis and greenhouse gas reduction. It needs technology breakthroughs in battery, public awareness and government input to the development of electric automobiles.

scholarly journals Analysis of Potential Risk of COVID-19 Infections in China Based on a Pairwise Epidemic Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Luo ◽  
Shanshan Feng ◽  
Junyuan Yang ◽  
Xiao-Long Peng ◽  
Xiaochun Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disease Propagation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (also known as COVID-19) has triggered a series of stringent control measures in China, such as city closure, traffic restrictions, contact tracing and household quarantine. These containment efforts often lead to changes in the contact pattern among individuals of the population. Many existing compartmental epidemic models fail to account for the effects of contact structure. In this paper, we devised a pairwise epidemic model to analyze the COVID-19 outbreak in China based on confirmed cases reported during the period February 3rd--17th, 2020. By explicitly incorporating the effects of family clusters and contact tracing followed by household quarantine and isolation, our model provides a good fit to the trajectory of COVID-19 infections and is useful to predict the epidemic trend. We obtained the average of the reproduction number $R=1.494$ ($95\%$ CI: $1.483-1.507$) for Hubei province and $R=1.178$ ($95\%$ CI: $1.145-1.158$) for China (except Hubei), suggesting that some existing studies may have overestimated the reproduction number by neglecting the dynamical correlations and clustering effects. We forecasted that the COVID-19 epidemic would peak on February 13th ($95\%$ CI: February $9-17$th) in Hubei and 6 days eariler in the regions outside Hubei. Moreover the epidemic was expected to last until the middle of March in China (except Hubei) and late April in Hubei. The sensitivity analysis shows that ongoing exposure for the susceptible and population clustering play an important role in the disease propagation. With the enforcement of household quarantine measures, the reproduction number $R$ effectively reduces and epidemic quantities decrease accordingly. Furthermore, we gave an answer to the public concern on how long the stringent containment strategies should maintain. Through numerical analysis, we suggested that the time for the resumption of work and production in China (except Hubei) and Hubei would be the middle of March and the end of April, 2020, respectively. These constructive suggestions may bring some immeasurable social-economic benefits in the long run.

The Game Analysis of Rent-Seeking Behavior in the Public Project

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 2233-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Jiang ◽  
Ying Peng ◽  
Yu Shui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Public Project ◽  
Game Analysis ◽  
Static Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Rent-seeking behavior in the public project is a problem which the construction administrative departments at all levels always attach great importance to. This paper analyzed the causes and harms of rent-seeking behavior in the public project. At the same time, according to the hypothesis that supervision department can drive its right impartially, this paper established a tripartite incomplete information static game model in the public project, and then analyzed the own rent-seeking behavior of supervision department, and got the specific measures that could reduce rent-seeking behavior.

scholarly journals Digital Heritage and Public Engagement: reflections on the challenges of co-production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona Cooper ◽  
◽  
Dawn Hadley ◽  
Joseph Empsall ◽  
Josie Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Engagement ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Heritage ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Uk Higher Education ◽  
Selection Of

In recent years, UK Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and funding bodies have been increasingly championing the merits of co-production between academic researchers and non-HEIs, including community groups. However, these undertakings are often more complex than we are led to believe and the issues encountered are frequently downplayed in published outputs. In this article we review a selection of recent projects in which digital technologies have been used in heritage-led public engagement, including two of our own related projects at Park Hill flats in Sheffield. Digital technologies are the latest means by which HEIs are seeking to engage with the public, but it is becoming clear that there are significant impediments to undertaking this successfully. These include the short-term nature of the funding, the difficulties of maintaining digital outputs over time, and managing community expectation of what can be achieved in the time, and with the funding, available, alongside variable levels of familiarity with, and interest in, digital platforms by the public. Funding schemes often prioritise new consultation activities, and co-production with communities, over making use of archival community engagement materials. We suggest that academic engagement with the public needs to be sensitive to these issues, and to recognise that valuable digital heritage projects can emerge from diverse approaches to co-production.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Inflation, Problem Finance, And Financing To Deposit Ratio (FDR) On Sharia Banking Deposits

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nur Syamsiyah ◽  
Misfi Laili Rohmi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run

Islamic banks collect funds from the public and then send them for financing as an intermediary institution. In practice, the distribution of financing, which is the main characteristic of Islamic banks, is not as easy as the existing theory. This study will discuss the short-term and long-term effects of inflation, financing, and financing problems on deposit ratios in Indonesia's Islamic banking deposits. This study uses an Error Correction Model with monthly time series data starting from 2019-2020. The results show that all variables significantly affect deposits in Islamic banking in Indonesia in the long run. Meanwhile, in the short term, the inflation and financing variables significantly affect Islamic banking deposits in Indonesia, and the Financing to Deposit Ratio has no significant effect.

Determinants of Farmer Participation in Private and Public Extension Organizations in Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
Simeon Olusola Ayansina ◽  
Isreal Ajibade Adedeji ◽  
Fadilat Adefunke Ayinde ◽  
Abiodun Elijah Obayelu
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Selection Of

This study was designed to analyze the participation of farmers in the public and private extension organizations in Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling methods was used in selection of 30 beneficiaries from ADP, FADU, and JDPM-RUDEP in three states from Nigeria. Questionnaires were used to collect data and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Kruskal Wallis test of difference (X2 =0.79, assymp. Sig of 0.72) shows that beneficiaries' participation in the extension services of public and private organizations was not different but correlation results indicated association between farmers' participation in public (r =0.279, p<lt; 0.10) and FADU (r =0.790, p <lt; 0.10) and benefits derived. It was concluded that farmers' participation in the study organizations were not significantly different, but was associated with benefits from some organizations. Benefit-oriented extension programmes are recommended for extension organizations in order to benefit the participants in their specific needs.

scholarly journals Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Suku Bunga Deposito Bank Umum Di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Oktavia Dwi Haryanti ◽  
Rian Destiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Deposit

BBanks are financial institutions involved in the state development process that provide services to the public and have functions, such as raising funds. Banks cannot carry out their tasks properly if there are no funds; one of the ways the banks attract the public to raise funds is the time deposit interest rate. This study aims to determine what factors can affect commercial banks' deposit rates in Indonesia from 2010 to 2019. This research method uses multiple regression analysis techniques using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method using secondary data. The results of this study indicate that the BI rate significantly affects the deposit rate. Inflation significantly affects deposit rates. Meanwhile, economic growth does not affect substantially deposit rates. The estimation results of the VECM model show that there is a significant effect in the long run but not substantial in the short term.

Citra Islam Moderat: Aksi Cyber PR dari PWNU Jawa Timur

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-232
Author(s):  
Sam Abede Pareno ◽  
M Rif’an Arif
Keyword(s):  
Text Structure ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Religious traditions in Indonesia are known to be very moderate and tolerant abroad is a reflection of the character of a great noble nation. Between religion, tradition and culture are able to perform compounds so as to create a genuine religious harmony. Because of this reality Indonesia is regarded as the largest Muslim majority country in the world that almost without conflict, in the midst of reality Muslim countries in the Middle East that impressed the dispute into the daily menu. However, the reality of Indonesia as a moderate nation is injured by the act of a group that is fond of terrorism and radicalism by riding Islamic religious teachings. Thus, this reversed religion is assumed as a source of cruelty.   It is through that phenomenon researcher, feel the need to examine the strategy of disseminating moderate Islam by Nahdlatul Ulama. The selection of this Islamic organization according to the authors due to its success in moderating Islam in Indonesia. In this study, the study using a qualitative approach or method as well as adopting the theory of Van Dijk discourse analysis as a scalpel to peel the discourse of moderate Islam published by PWNU East Java through the website. As for this research, the findings are important, among others are: 1) moderate Islamic discourse campaigned by Nahdlatul Ulama East Java is categorized into three segments, namely social, religious and nationality. 2) the text structure that builds moderate Islamic discourse NU East Java in Van Dijk perspective constructed in three domains, namely text, social cognition and social context. 3) the principles of Public Relationship implemented by NU through cyber (online media), among others; News publications and expert opinions, production of image and video-based information, and updating official NU information to the public about their attitudes and views on the phenomena that occur by promoting the values of Islamic moderatism. Key Word : Islamic Moderatism, Nahdlatul Ulama, Cyber Public Relationship

The Sustainable Debts of Philip II

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Long Run

This chapter addresses the sustainability of debt. A systematic analysis based on the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) methodology to evaluate fiscal sustainability shows that Castile was able to service its debts in the long run. While liquidity was scarce during periods of intense warfare, years of relative peace brought large surpluses. The data collected from Castile's annual fiscal accounts produced new yearly series of revenue, military expenditure, short-term debt issues, and short-term debt service. The resulting database spans a full 31-year period—enough to employ modern quantitative techniques. This analysis provides strong evidence that Castile's fiscal position in the second half of the sixteenth century was on a solid footing. The chapter then assesses whether the events that led to major downturns in Castile's financial fortunes could have been anticipated.

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