scholarly journals Honesty Pledges for the Behaviorally-based Regulation of Dishonesty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Peer ◽  
Yuval Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Term Effect ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioral Ethics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Very High

A common dilemma in regulation is determining how much trust authorities can place in people’s self-reports, especially in regulatory contexts where the incentive to cheat is very high. In such contexts, regulators, who are typically risk averse, do not readily confer trust, resulting worldwide in excessive requirements when applying for permits, licenses, and the like. Studies in behavioral ethics have suggested that asking people to ex-ante pledge to behave ethically can reduce their level of dishonesty and noncompliance. However, pledges might also backfire by allowing more people to cheat with no real sanctions. Additionally, pledges’ effects have only been studied in one-shot decision making, and they may only have a short-term effect that could decay in the long run, leading to an overall erosion of trust. We explored the interaction of pledges with sanctions and the decay of their effects on people’s honesty by manipulating whether pledges were accompanied by sanctions (fines) and testing their impact on sequential, repeated ethical decisions. We found that pledges considerably and consistently reduced dishonesty, and this effect was not crowded out by the presence of fines. Furthermore, pledges seem to exert an effect on most people, including those who are relatively less inclined to follow rules and norms. We conclude that pledges could be an effective tool for the behavioral regulation of dishonesty, reduce the regulatory burden, and build a more trusting relationship between government and the public, even in areas where incentives and opportunities to cheat are high.

scholarly journals How Has the Indonesian Stock Market Performed During Covid-19 Outbreaks?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1420-1428
Author(s):  
Doddy Setiawan ◽  
Taufiq Arifin ◽  
Y Anni Aryani ◽  
Josephine Tan-Hwang Yau
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Stock Market Reaction ◽  
Cumulative Abnormal Returns ◽  
First Case ◽  
Long Run

This paper analyzes the stock market reaction towards the Covid-19 pandemic by using a sample of Indonesian listed firms. In general, we document a significant negative cumulative abnormal returns when the Indonesian President announces the first case of Covid-19 in Indonesia. This effect remains ten days (weaker) after the announcement. However, we only find a short-term effect on the finance industry. While the explanation is still unclear, the investors may observe that the economic impact on the finance industry may arise in the long-run.

Impact of Public Health Equalization on Residents’ Health and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis from Jiangsu Province (2006–2015), China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Zhengyang Chen ◽  
Xinglong Xu ◽  
Dongfu Qian ◽  
Xiang Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
The Public

Abstract Public health equalization has a significant impact on residents’ health and economic growth. Recently, studies suggested the persistence of series of public health unequal issues in China, such as imbalanced government financial investment, unreasonable configuration of public health resources, etc. The healthcare system in Jiangsu province is a microcosm of the pattern of healthcare delivery in China. Identifying developmental differences in Jiangsu and consequential effect on healthcare output can serve as a good reference for comparing performance of healthcare facilities within China in general. Based on the Model of Health the Healthy Production from Grossman and Lucas’ New Endogenous Economic Growth Model, we selected data from China Statistical Yearbooks and Jiangsu Statistical Yearbooks. 13 cities in Jiangsu province were divided into three groups, categorized as economically developed areas, relatively economically developed areas and less-economically developed areas. The panel cointegration model and e PVECM PVECM error correction model based on E-G two-step method are utilized for empirical research. During the period of 2006–2015, there were differences between the short term effect and long term effect on regional development resulted by the public health equalization level of Jiangsu Province. In the short term, the healthcare investment equalization level has been improved, to a certain extent, which executes a certain promoting effect on the people’s health development and regional economic growth in the long term, which restraint the improvement and development of long term public health equalization level and stimulating on the residents’ health and economic growth. The government of China in general and Jiangsu province in particular could ensure the efficiency of public health human resources, reform the public hospital internal system and establish an effective competition system, aiming to improve the public health equalization and promote balanced development of residents’ health and economic growth.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF INTEREST RATE ON PRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT; EVIDENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Nadeem Aftab ◽  
◽  
Khalil Jebran ◽  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Positive Effect

This study explored the long and short term effect of interest rate on private sector credit on Pakistan for the period of 1975 to 2011. The Stationary of data was analyzed by Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Peron test. This study applied Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) model for the purpose of analyzing long and short term relationship. The results revealed significant negative effect of interest rate on private sector credit in the long run, and also in the short run. The results also indicated significant positive effect of inflation on private sector credit in long and short run. However, exchange rate was found to have no effect on private sector credit.

Analysis of Multi-Stage and Dynamic Incomplete Information Game Model for EIA System in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1336-1341
Author(s):  
Xiao Pu ◽  
Bi Zhe Wang ◽  
Yi Ting Chen ◽  
Hong Guang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Public ◽  
Bayesian Equilibrium ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Selection Of

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has gradually developed in China while several problems still exist in the ecological environment protection implementation as the obstacles. This paper summarized the regular EIA process of China and picked up the stakeholders basis of case analyzing. A multi-stage and dynamic incomplete information game model was established to investigate the interactions among government, enterprises and EIA organizations and explain strategy selection of EIA participants according to perfect Bayesian equilibrium theory and scenario analysis. Furthermore, a suggestion was proposed to improve effectiveness of EIA system in China after discussing the present demerit. Results showed that in a short term, government and enterprises tended to choose evading EIA for their private benefits. But in a long run, they would be willing to take EIA because environmental deterioration would seriously affect their economic benefits. Thus they had to pursuit social benefits firstly instead. The public played a silent role as a victim in EIA system of China currently, caused by present beneficial balance of government, enterprises and EIA organizations. Some countermeasures must be brought out to develop the public participation regulation in the management system in order to break that balance and improve the effectiveness of EIA.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Inflation, Problem Finance, And Financing To Deposit Ratio (FDR) On Sharia Banking Deposits

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nur Syamsiyah ◽  
Misfi Laili Rohmi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run

Islamic banks collect funds from the public and then send them for financing as an intermediary institution. In practice, the distribution of financing, which is the main characteristic of Islamic banks, is not as easy as the existing theory. This study will discuss the short-term and long-term effects of inflation, financing, and financing problems on deposit ratios in Indonesia's Islamic banking deposits. This study uses an Error Correction Model with monthly time series data starting from 2019-2020. The results show that all variables significantly affect deposits in Islamic banking in Indonesia in the long run. Meanwhile, in the short term, the inflation and financing variables significantly affect Islamic banking deposits in Indonesia, and the Financing to Deposit Ratio has no significant effect.

Income Inequality and Status Symbols: The Case of Fine Wine Imports

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Niklas ◽  
Elkhan Richard Sadik-Zada
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Nonlinear Autoregressive ◽  
Jel Classifications ◽  
Analyze Data

AbstractThis survey investigates the inequality-fine wine imports nexus. To this end, the study employs cointegration techniques to analyze two panel datasets, one of which will analyze data from 12 countries between 1871 and 2018, and another that analyzes data from 66 countries between 1995 and 2017. Estimations indicate that income inequality leads to more fine wine imports in the long run. Changes in income have only a short-term effect on fine wine imports. Nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) estimators reveal an asymmetric long-run relationship between income inequality and fine wine imports in the cases of Argentina and the United States. (JEL Classifications: C19, D01, D12, D31, L66)

scholarly journals Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Suku Bunga Deposito Bank Umum Di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Oktavia Dwi Haryanti ◽  
Rian Destiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Deposit

BBanks are financial institutions involved in the state development process that provide services to the public and have functions, such as raising funds. Banks cannot carry out their tasks properly if there are no funds; one of the ways the banks attract the public to raise funds is the time deposit interest rate. This study aims to determine what factors can affect commercial banks' deposit rates in Indonesia from 2010 to 2019. This research method uses multiple regression analysis techniques using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method using secondary data. The results of this study indicate that the BI rate significantly affects the deposit rate. Inflation significantly affects deposit rates. Meanwhile, economic growth does not affect substantially deposit rates. The estimation results of the VECM model show that there is a significant effect in the long run but not substantial in the short term.

Acetaminophen: Macula densa hypersecretory activity by induced hepatotoxicity

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 934-935
Author(s):  
S.S. Poolsawat ◽  
C.A. Huerta ◽  
S.TY. Lae ◽  
G.A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Tissue Alterations ◽  
Toxic Responses

Introduction. Experimental induction of altered histology by chemical toxins is of particular importance if its outcome resembles histopathological phenomena. Hepatotoxic drugs and chemicals are agents that can be converted by the liver into various metabolites which consequently evoke toxic responses. Very often, these drugs are intentionally administered to resolve an illness unrelated to liver function. Because of hepatic detoxification, the resulting metabolites are suggested to be integrated into the macromolecular processes of liver function and cause an array of cellular and tissue alterations, such as increased cytoplasmic lysis, centrilobular and localized necroses, chronic inflammation and “foam cell” proliferation of the hepatic sinusoids (1-4).Most experimentally drug-induced toxicity studies have concentrated primarily on the hepatic response, frequently overlooking other physiological phenomena which are directly related to liver function. Categorically, many studies have been short-term effect investigations which seldom have followed up the complications to other tissues and organs when the liver has failed to function normally.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

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