Application of Polysilicate Ferric Flocculant in Treatment of Tanning Wastewater

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hui Sui ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Xu Mei Song
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Amorphous Polymer ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Type ◽  
Polymer Flocculant ◽  
Better Than

A new type of inorganic polymer flocculant polysilicate ferric(PSF) was prepared by using pyrite slag as raw materials and used as flocculant in the treatment of tanning wastewater. The infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction had been adopted to characterize the product structure. The infrared spectrometry research indicates that Fe-O, Si-O-Fe and other groups exist in the PSF, which implies that chemical bonding reaction takes place between Fe and silicon in the PSF. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that PSF is the amorphous polymer created upon mutual reaction between Fe3+ and PSi. The application experiment results show that the removal rate of S2-, SS, CODCr, Cr3+, and colority is 92.7%, 90.5%, 82.5％, 80.2% and 90.1% respectively in the condition where temperature is normal, pH value is 7.5 and dosage of the coagulant is 80mg/L. The flocculation effects of PSF in the treatment of tanning wastewater are much better than those of PAC and PFS.

Study on Modified Rapeseed Oil/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1291-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Lü ◽  
Jian Zhong Ma ◽  
Dang Ge Gao ◽  
Lei Hong
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Emulsifying Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Layer Spacing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Better Than

Modified rapeseed oil(MRO) was prepared by using rapeseed oil, ethylene diamine and acrylic acid as the raw materials. Modified rapeseed oil/montmorillonite(MRO/MMT) nanocomposite was prepared by using modified rapeseed oil and montmorillonite. The emulsifying properties of MRO and MRO/MMT were determined respectively. Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) results showed that MRO/MMT was prepared successfully. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that modified rapeseed oil could smoothly enter the interlayer of montmorillonite, and modified the montmorillonite; with an increase in the amount of montmorillonite, the layer spacing of montmorillonite in the MRO/MMT lower after the first increase. The results of emulsifying properties indicated that emulsifying properties of MRO/MMT was better than MRO.

Characterization and Application in Pretreatment of Landfill Leachate on Modified Bentonites

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1675-1679
Author(s):  
Hong Shao ◽  
Ning Cao
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
Organic Bentonite ◽  
Better Than

A series of sodium bentonites and cetyl tri methyl ammonium bromide as raw materials were prepared to the modified organic composite montmorillonites. The performance characterization of the modified organic bentonite was observed by means of IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. And the modified organic bentonite was applied into the pretreatment of landfill leachate, which was with the COD as high as 20000-37000 mg/L. The COD removal rate was invested as index. The optimum dosage and the best reaction conditions of bentonite have also been studied. The results indicated that the treatment effect of COD on the modified bentonite was better than the natural bentonite. Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of COD reached 67.85% and the load of biological treatment was reduced on the next step.

Precipitation of Calcium from Seawater Using CO2

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 747-752
Author(s):  
Ji Jun Zhang ◽  
Jun Sheng Yuan ◽  
Xia Li
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
X Ray

Researches on precipitation of calcium from seawater have been carried out using CO2. The effect of pH value on calcium removals from seawater was investigated. It was found that it is easier to remove calcium from seawater at a higher pH value, and the removal rate of calcium can reach 60% to 90% when the pH value is from pH 8.0 to pH 9.0. The precipitated solids were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results show that they consist of CaCO3·H2O at pH 8.0 to pH 8.7, of CaCO3·H2O and MgCO3·3H2O at more than pH 9.0.

Investigation of the crystallization of ZrO2 (Y2O3 3 mol%) nanopowder

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiwen Liu ◽  
Qunji Xue
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydroxo Group ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Exothermic Process ◽  
Endothermic Process ◽  
Coprecipitation Technique

The coprecipitation technique has been used to prepare ZrO2 (Y2O3 3 mol %) nanopowder. The influence of residual NH4Cl and pH value on the crystallization of ZrO2 (Y2O3 3 mol %) nanopowder have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrometry (IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The IR spectra proved that the presence of residual NH4Cl increased the amount of the hydroxo group. This led to serious gel agglomerate and free enthalpy decrease. Therefore, the crystallization of ZrO2 (Y2O3 3 mol%) nanopowder is greatly influenced by the residual NH4Cl. While there is no residual NH4Cl, the crystallization takes place at 445 °C and is an exothermic process. On the contrary, with NH4Cl the crystallization takes place at 376 °C and is an endothermic process. However, the pH value does not influence the crystallization of ZrO2 (Y2O3 3 mol%) nanopowder.

Crystal structure of an inclusion complex between chiral monoaza-15-crown-5 and S(–)-1-phenyl-ethyl ammonium percholorate

2003 ◽  
Vol 218 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Süheyla Özbey ◽  
F. B. Kaynak ◽  
M. Toğrul ◽  
N. Demirel ◽  
H. Hoşgören
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Type

AbstractA new type of inclusion complex, S(–)-1 phenyl ethyl ammonium percholorate complex of R-(–)-2-ethyl - N - benzyl - 4, 7, 10, 13 - tetraoxa -1- azacyclopentadecane, has been prepared and studied by NMR, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The compound crystallizes in space group

scholarly journals Waste and Solar Energy: An Eco-Friendly Way for Glass Melting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Isabel Padilla ◽  
Maximina Romero ◽  
José I. Robla ◽  
Aurora López-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Glass Network ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In this work, concentrated solar energy (CSE) was applied to an energy-intensive process such as the vitrification of waste with the aim of manufacturing glasses. Different types of waste were used as raw materials: a hazardous waste from the aluminum industry as aluminum source; two residues from the food industry (eggshell and mussel shell) and dolomite ore as calcium source; quartz sand was also employed as glass network former. The use of CSE allowed obtaining glasses in the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system at exposure time as short as 15 min. The raw materials, their mixtures, and the resulting glasses were characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The feasibility of combining a renewable energy, as solar energy and different waste for the manufacture of glasses, would highly contribute to circular economy and environmental sustainability.

A 2-D Zn(II) coordination polymer based on 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylate and bis(benzimidazole) ligands: synthesis, crystal structure and fluorescence properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhao Xia ◽  
Lixian Xia ◽  
Geng Zhang ◽  
Yuxuan Jiang ◽  
Fugang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Zigzag Chain ◽  
Supramolecular Framework ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Interaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Type ◽  
Solid State Fluorescence

Abstract In this work, a new type of zinc(II) coordination polymer {[Zn(HIDC)(BBM)0.5]·H2O} n (Zn-CP) was synthesized using 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid (H3IDC) and 2,2-(1,4-butanediyl)bis-1,3-benzimidazole (BBM) under hydrothermal conditions. Its structure has been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The Zn(II) ion is linked by the HIDC2− ligand to form a zigzag chain by chelating and bridging, and then linked by BBM to form a layered network structure. Adjacent layers are further connected by hydrogen bond interaction to form a 3-D supramolecular framework. The solid-state fluorescence performance of Zn-CP shows that compared with free H3IDC ligand, its fluorescence intensity is significantly enhanced.

scholarly journals Zeolite NaP1 Functionalization for the Sorption of Metal Complexes with Biodegradable N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic Acid

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Dorota Kołodyńska ◽  
Yongming Ju ◽  
Małgorzata Franus ◽  
Wojciech Franus
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The possibility of application of chitosan-modified zeolite as sorbent for Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) ions and their mixtures in the presence of N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic acid, IDHA) under different experimental conditions were investigated. Chitosan-modified zeolite belongs to the group of biodegradable complexing agents used in fertilizer production. NaP1CS as a carrier forms a barrier to the spontaneous release of the fertilizer into soil. The obtained materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); surface area determination (ASAP); scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS); X-ray fluorescence (XRF); X-ray diffraction (XRD); and carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN), as well as thermogravimetric (TGA) methods. The concentrations of Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) complexes with IDHA varied from 5–20 mg/dm3 for Cu(II), 10–40 mg/dm3 for Fe(III), 20–80 mg/dm3 for Mn(II), and 10–40 mg/dm3 for Zn(II), respectively; pH value (3–6), time (1–120 min), and temperature (293–333 K) on the sorption efficiency were tested. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin adsorption models were applied to describe experimental data. The pH 5 proved to be appropriate for adsorption. The pseudo-second order and Langmuir models were consistent with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. The highest desorption percentage was achieved using the HCl solution, therefore, proving that method can be used to design slow-release fertilizers.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 Anode for Electrochemical Degradation of Pollutants in Pharmaceutical Wastewater: Optimization and Degradation Performances

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Guozhen Zhang ◽  
Xingxing Huang ◽  
Jinye Ma ◽  
Fuping Wu ◽  
Tianhong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dimensionally Stable Anodes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Cod Removal Rate

Electrochemical oxidation technology is an effective technique to treat high-concentration wastewater, which can directly oxidize refractory pollutants into simple inorganic compounds such as H2O and CO2. In this work, two-dimensionally stable anodes, Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2, have been developed in order to degrade organic pollutants from pharmaceutical wastewater. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the oxide coating was successfully fabricated on the Ti plate surface. Electrocatalytic oxidation conditions of high concentration pharmaceutical wastewater was discussed and optimized, and the best results showed that the COD removal rate was 95.92% with the energy consumption was 58.09 kW·h/kgCOD under the electrode distance of 3 cm, current density of 8 mA/cm2, initial pH of 2, and air flow of 18 L/min.

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