Effect of Water Rinsing Temperature for Steel Substrate on Corrosion Behavior of Hot-Dip Aluminizing Coatings

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 503-506
Author(s):  
Wen Li Yao ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Mou Cheng Li ◽  
Jie Yu Zhang ◽  
Kuo Chih Chou
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Aluminum Coating ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Water Rinsing ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the morphology and protective action of hot-dip aluminizing coatings on Q235 steel have been investigated by SEM, EDS and EIS in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. The results indicated that the anti-corrosion performance of the hot-dip aluminizing coatings using steel substrate rinsed by the distilled water at 25 oC was higher than that at 80 oC. The evolution of localized corrosion from pitting to exfoliation corrosion has been found on the aluminum coating surface during immersion, and corresponding equivalent circuit models were proposed to fit the EIS data in the initiation and propagation stages of corrosion process.

Protective Action and Risky Beliefs: The Relationship Between Religion and Gambling Fallacies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenton M. Williams ◽  
Matthew Browne ◽  
Matthew Rockloff ◽  
George Stuart ◽  
Bradley P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Protective Action ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals How College Students Assess the Threat of Infectious Diseases: Implications for University Leaders and Health Communicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 129-164
Author(s):  
Yan Jin ◽  
Yen-I Lee ◽  
Brooke Fisher Liu ◽  
Lucinda Austin ◽  
Seoyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
College Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Attribution ◽  
Action Taking ◽  
University Leaders ◽  
The Relationship

Higher education institutions and their students face a wide range of infectious disease threats (IDTs). However, there is a lack of theory-driven research on how to provide communication for multiple IDTs to motivate protective action taking. To close this gap, this study focuses on college students and two IDT types: respiratory and sexually transmitted infections. We tested an IDT appraisal model with data from an online survey conducted at two U.S. universities with 842 students. Findings indicate that IDT type led to different patterns of threat appraisal and protective action taking intentions. More specifically, participants perceived sexually transmitted threats as significantly more predictable and more controllable than respiratory threats. Participants also had higher intention to take protective action in response to respiratory threats than sexually-transmitted threats. We also found that external attribution-dependent (EAD) emotions (i.e., anger, sadness, surprise, and confusion) and an internal-attribution-dependent (IAD) emotion (i.e., hope) were sequential mediators in the relationship between IDT appraisal and protective action taking intentions for both infectious disease types. Implications for IDT communication research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals SEM, EDS and Electrical Capacitance Study on Electrodeposited Ni-Cu Layers

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 3210-3212
Author(s):  
Oana Claudia Ciobotea Barbu ◽  
Ioana Alina Ciobotaru ◽  
Anca Cojocaru ◽  
Florin Mihai Benga ◽  
Danut Ionel Vaireanu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nickel-Copper metallic layers were deposited onto a steel substrate by using the electrochemical method. The morphology and the chemical composition of the deposited layers were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The electrical capacitance was measured on a functional supercapacitor made of two Ni-Cu deposited layers and a Nafion 117� membrane hydrated with distilled water, which served as a dielectric separator.

Cuando se tejen los sueños. La voz de la mujer sapara y su pueblo

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Rosita Ortega Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Local Justice ◽  
Indigenous Organizations ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyzes the relationship between the extractivist model in Ecuador and state violence against Amazonian women defenders based on the case of Nema Grefa, President of the Sapara Nation of Ecuador (NASE), who has been intimidated and threatened with death on several occasions. From the demand for protective action and request for precautionary measures in favor of the leader and the Sapara people. The analysis of this case discusses collective and women’s rights in a local justice scenario, where the articulation of indigenous organizations, organizations for the defense of women’s rights, ecofeminists and the Ombudsman’s Office (Defensoría del Pueblo) will be key.

AP1000 Plant CILC/CIPS Risk Assessment Using Advanced TH Methodology

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wang ◽  
P. Sapienza ◽  
R. J. Fetterman ◽  
M. Y. Young ◽  
J. R. Secker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Assembly Design ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
Fuel Assemblies ◽  
Water Reactors ◽  
The Relationship

Similar to many existing Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), the AP1000® cores will undergo sub-cooled nucleate boiling in the upper grid spans of some fuel assemblies at normal operating conditions. Sub-cooled nucleate boiling may increase crud deposits on the fuel cladding surface which may increase the risk of Crud Induced Power Shift (CIPS) and/or Crud Induced Localized Corrosion (CILC). A CIPS/CILC risk assessment has been performed to support the AP1000 fuel assembly design finalization. In this paper, the advanced thermal-hydraulic (TH) methodology used in the AP1000 plant CIPS/CILC risk assessments are summarized and discussed, and the relationship between the CIPS/CILC mechanisms, fuel reliability, and plant operating conditions is also presented. Finally, acceptable AP1000 core CIPS/CILC risk assessment results are summarized and suggestions that specifically target reducing CIPS/CILC risks for AP1000 plants are described.

Corrosion Behavior of TP95S Anti-Sulfur Casing Steel in High Temperature High Pressure H2S/CO2 Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 335-336 ◽  
pp. 506-510
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Dong Mei Zhou ◽  
Jiang Hu Bai
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
High Temperature High Pressure ◽  
Static Corrosion

The anti-corrosion performance of Tiangang TP95S casing steel was studied by high temperature autoclaves simulating the high-temperature and high-pressure H2S/CO2 environment. The experimental results show that the corrosion rates increase with the rising of temperature which is from 40°C to 80°C under the dynamic and static conditions of the simulated environments; the dynamic corrosion rates are between 1.7294 and 1.8601mm/a and the corrosion rates are 0.4264～1.2715mm/a under the static conditions, both of which belong to a serious corrosion category; the dynamic corrosion samples have had the localized corrosion at 40°C, but the local corrosion of the static corrosion specimens appeared at 80°C; the corrosion product of TP95S steel takes FeS as the core in the case of static corrosion at 40°C.

Corrosion of High Zn Content Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Fan Qing Ran ◽  
Zi Yong Chen ◽  
Li Hua Chai
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, the polished specimens of high Zn content Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy after various aging treatments were immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl for up to 240 mins. The development of corrosion was monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). There are two stages during the corrosion process, the first stage of attack started with localized corrosion of trenching around the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu particles. In the second stage the pitting corrosion appeared at the grain boundaries, and then developed into intergranular corrosion. This phenomenon is related to the potential difference between the matrix and the precipitates.

Localized Corrosion of 304 Stainless Steel under a NaCl Droplet

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 443-447
Author(s):  
Yan Hua Wang ◽  
Yuan Yuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Cooperative Effects ◽  
Electrochemical Parameters ◽  
Wire Beam Electrode

The distributions of corrosion potential and galvanic current of 304 stainless steel under a NaCl droplet were studied by using the wire beam electrode (WBE). It was found that the distributions of the electrochemical parameters were heterogeneous with isolated anodic and cathodic zones appeared randomly. During the corrosion process, the polarity of some anodes changed with the evolution of time. The localized corrosion rate and heterogeneity increased firstly, and then decreased afterward with the increase of time, which can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the aggressive ions and the corrosion products.

scholarly journals Investigation of Low-Cycle Bending Fatigue of AISI 9310 Steel Spur Gears

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Handschuh ◽  
Timothy L. Krantz ◽  
Bradley A. Lerch ◽  
Christopher S. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Crack Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Bending Fatigue ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

An investigation of the low-cycle bending fatigue of spur gears made from AISI 9310 gear steel was completed. Tests were conducted using the single-tooth bending method to achieve crack initiation and propagation. Tests were conducted on spur gears in a fatigue test machine using a dedicated gear test fixture. Test loads were applied at the highest point of single tooth contact. Gear bending stresses for a given testing load were calculated using a linear-elastic finite element model. Test data were accumulated from 1/4 cycle to several thousand cycles depending on the test stress level. The relationship of stress and cycles for crack initiation was found to be semi-logarithmic. The relationship of stress and cycles for crack propagation was found to be linear. For the range of loads investigated, the crack propagation phase is related to the level of load being applied. Very high loads have comparable crack initiation and propagation times whereas lower loads can have a much smaller number of cycles for crack propagation cycles as compared to crack initiation.

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