The Establishment of Wave Model in Qingdao Fushan Bay

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 1181-1186
Author(s):  
Shui Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rectangular Grid ◽  
Generation Planning ◽  
Incident Waves

A wave model in Qingdao Fushan Bay is established in the paper. The effect of the variety of terrain, dredging in the basin, the shelter of the structure, the reflection of the piers and breakwaters are taken into account. Rectangular grid is applied in the calculation. For reducing the errors and ensuring the precision, normally incident waves and completely-absorbed boundary conditions are considered in the calculation. The result gives the wave height at each point in different water levels, and wave directions of 50-years return period, which provides a basis for the shoreline structure of wave energy generation planning and designing.

scholarly journals Environmental controls on surf zone injuries on high-energy beaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2183-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Castelle ◽  
Tim Scott ◽  
Rob Brander ◽  
Jak McCarroll ◽  
Arthur Robinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
High Tide ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Beach Morphology ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Flow Activity ◽  
Incident Waves

Abstract. The two primary causes of surf zone injuries (SZIs) worldwide, including fatal drowning and severe spinal injuries, are rip currents (rips) and shore-break waves. SZIs also result from surfing and bodyboarding activity. In this paper we address the primary environmental controls on SZIs along the high-energy meso–macro-tidal surf beach coast of southwestern France. A total of 2523 SZIs recorded by lifeguards over 186 sample days during the summers of 2007, 2009 and 2015 were combined with measured and/or hindcast weather, wave, tide, and beach morphology data. All SZIs occurred disproportionately on warm sunny days with low wind, likely because of increased beachgoer numbers and hazard exposure. Relationships were strongest for shore-break- and rip-related SZIs and weakest for surfing-related SZIs, the latter being also unaffected by tidal stage or range. Therefore, the analysis focused on bathers. More shore-break-related SZIs occur during shore-normal incident waves with average to below-average wave height (significant wave height, Hs = 0.75–1.5 m) and around higher water levels and large tide ranges when waves break on the steepest section of the beach. In contrast, more rip-related drownings occur near neap low tide, coinciding with maximised channel rip flow activity, under shore-normal incident waves with Hs >1.25 m and mean wave periods longer than 5 s. Additional drowning incidents occurred at spring high tide, presumably due to small-scale swash rips. The composite wave and tide parameters proposed by Scott et al. (2014) are key controlling factors determining SZI occurrence, although the risk ranges are not necessarily transferable to all sites. Summer beach and surf zone morphology is interannually highly variable, which is critical to SZI patterns. The upper beach slope can vary from 0.06 to 0.18 between summers, resulting in low and high shore-break-related SZIs, respectively. Summers with coast-wide highly (weakly) developed rip channels also result in widespread (scarce) rip-related drowning incidents. With life risk defined in terms of the number of people exposed to life threatening hazards at a beach, the ability of morphodynamic models to simulate primary beach morphology characteristics a few weeks or months in advance is therefore of paramount importance for predicting the primary surf zone life risks along this coast.

scholarly journals Environmental controls on surf zone injuries on high-energy beaches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Castelle ◽  
Tim Scott ◽  
Rob Brander ◽  
Jak McCarroll ◽  
Arthur Robinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
High Tide ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Beach Morphology ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Flow Activity ◽  
Incident Waves

Abstract. The two primary causes of surf zone injuries (SZIs) worldwide, including fatal drowning and severe spinal injuries, are rip currents (rips) and shore-break waves. SZIs also result from surfing and body boarding activity. In this paper we address the primary environmental controls on SZIs along the high-energy meso-macrotidal surf beach coast of SW France. A total of 2523 SZIs recorded by lifeguards over 186 sample days during the summers of 2007, 2009 and 2015 were combined with measured and/or hindcast weather, wave, tide and beach morphology data. All SZIs occurred disproportionately on warm sunny days with low wind likely because of increased beachgoer numbers and hazard exposure. Relationships were strongest for shore break and rip related SZIs and weakest for surfing related SZIs, the latter being also unaffected by tidal stage or range. Therefore the analysis focussed on bathers. Shore-break related SZIs disproportionately occur during shore-normal incident waves with average to below-average wave height (significant wave height Hs = 0.75–1.5 m) and around higher water levels and large tide range when waves break on the steepest section of the beach. In contrast, rip related drownings occur disproportionally near neap low tide, coinciding with maximized channel rip flow activity, under shore-normal incident waves with Hs > 1.25 m and periods mean wave period longer than 5 s. Additional drowning incidents occurred at spring high tide, presumably due to small-scale swash rips. The composite wave and tide parameters proposed by Scott et al. (2014) are key controlling factors determining SZI occurrence, although the risk ranges are not necessarily transferable to all sites. Summer beach and surf zone morphology is highly interannually variable, which is critical to SZI patterns. The upper beach slope can vary from 0.06 to 0.18 between summers, resulting in low and high shore-break related SZIs, respectively. Summers with coast-wide highly (weakly) developed rip channels also result in widespread (scarce) rip related drowning incidents. With life risk defined in terms of the number of people exposed to life threatening hazards at a beach, the ability of morphodynamic models to simulate primary beach morphology characteristics a few weeks/months in advance is therefore of paramount importance to predict the primary surf-zone life risks along this coast.

scholarly journals Assessment of Efficiency of Array of Wave Energy Converters using Mike21-Bw Model, Near Bhagvati Bandar

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3563-3569
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ocean Wave Energy ◽  
Numerical Model Experiments

The world we live in is becoming more and more dependent on electrical energy and shortage of energy is bound to happen in the nearest future. India is the third largest in terms of power generation. Global warming and climate changes are the biggest challenge faced by mankind. Use of energy resources which are renewable and green that is producing low carbon emission is the need of the day. India has invested heavily on wind energy and solar energy. Ocean wave energy generation is renewable process with minimal carbon emission as well as less land requirement. India has a long coastline and has a tremendous scope for generation of wave energy along its coastline. Wave Energy Converter (WEC) is the device used in the wave energy extraction. For making the wave energy conversion feasible, the efficiency of a WEC is required to be assessed. For the design of WEC and assessment of its efficiency numerical models are very much useful giving the flexibility of assessing a number of alternatives at a relatively low cost. An attempt is made in this paper to estimate efficiency of an array of WECs using the Boussinesq Wave Model, namely the mathematical model MIKE21-BW. A site at Bhagvati Bandar, which is identified as hotspot for wave energy generation is considered for the installation of WECs. Numerical model experiments were carried out to find optimal configuration of an array of WECs and the findings are presented in this paper.

Numerical Analysis of the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Considering Different Incident Wave Height

2017 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Mateus das Neves Gomes ◽  
Eduardo Alves Amado ◽  
Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos ◽  
Liércio André Isoldi ◽  
Luiz Alberto Oliveira Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Incident Wave ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Amplification Factor ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Oscillating Water Column ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Incident Waves

The ocean wave energy conversion into electricity has been increasingly researched in the last years. There are several proposed converters, among them the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device has been widely studied. The present paper presents a two-dimensional numerical investigation about the fluid dynamics behavior of an OWC Wave Energy Converter (WEC) into electrical energy. The main goal of this work was to numerically analyze the optimized geometric shape obtained in previous work under incident waves with different heights. To do so, the OWC geometric shape was kept constant while the incident wave height was varied. For the numerical solution it was used the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) commercial code FLUENT®, based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The multiphasic Volume of Fluid (VOF) model was applied to tackle with the water-air interaction. The computational domain is represented by the OWC device coupled with the wave tank. This work allowed to check the influence of the incident wave height on the hydropneumatic power and the amplification factor of the OWC converter. It was possible to identify that the amplification factor increases as the wave period increases, thereby improving the OWC performance. It is worth to highlight that in the real phenomenon the incident waves on the OWC device have periods, lengths and height variables.

scholarly journals Investigation of Ocean-Wave-Focusing Characteristics Induced by a Submerged Crescent-Shaped Plate for Long-Crested Waves

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Yu Li ◽  
Ruey-Syan Shih ◽  
Wen-Kai Weng
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Incident Wave ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Wave Focusing ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Wave Farm ◽  
Incident Waves

The need for renewable energy has gained importance with growing concerns about climate change. Wave energy has attracted considerable attention owing to its sustainability potential. Reflection, refraction, diffraction, and shoaling of waves occur when waves propagate through a submerged structure. These mechanics, when properly utilized, can be employed to focus waves to a specific location and also to increase wave heights, by which wave energy is usually represented, for planning and designing wave farms. Wave focusing induced by a submerged crescent-shaped plate for different wave conditions, incident wave directions, and submerged depths mainly considering the potential applications of absorber wave-energy converters within the wave farm was investigated experimentally and numerically. All experimental regular wave conditions were controlled to be nonbreaking, and the numerical results were obtained by a 3D model, implemented through the boundary element method based on Airy wave theory. The results show that wave focusing appears behind the plate along the direction of the incident waves, and the locations of focused waves tend to be farther away from the plate for shorter-period waves. The maximum measured wave height can be 3.44 times higher than the incident wave height.

Study on the Extreme High Water Levels and Wave Heights of Different Return Periods in Laizhou Bay, China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Zhou ◽  
Jinhai Zheng ◽  
Jisheng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Fu
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Laizhou Bay ◽  
Distribution Method

Based on good simulation results during storm events in 2009, MIKE21 was used to study the extreme water level, current velocity and wave height in Laizhou Bay, China. 95 extreme weather processes during 1988–2012 were simulated. For each event, coupled hydrodynamic and wave modules of MIKE21 was chosen to calculate the maximum water level and current velocity. The Gumbel distribution method, commonly used for estimating return-period values of marine hydrodynamic variables, is adopted in this study. The extreme high water level of 50-year return period in Laizhou Bay can reach 2.6–3.8 m; and that of 100-year return period can be as high as 2.8–4.6 m. The 50-year and 100-year return-period values of current velocity can reach up to about 2.8 m/s and 3.2 m/s respectively, both around the Yellow River mouth. Wave height strongly depends on water depth, water level rise, wind speed and direction. The results provide parameter reference for structure design in the Laizhou Bay.

A Nearshore Wave Energy Atlas for Portugal

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Pontes ◽  
R. Aguiar ◽  
H. Oliveira Pires
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Peak Period

The nearshore wave energy resource in Portugal has been assessed through the development of ONDATLAS. This is an electronic atlas, compatible with Internet access, containing comprehensive wave climate and wave energy statistics for 78 points at about 20m water depth spaced variably ca.5-30km, 5 points at deep water, and 2 points at open ocean locations. The data were produced by a third-generation wind-wave model, complemented by an inverse-ray model that computes the directional spectra transformation from open ocean to the nearshore. Shoaling, refraction, bottom dissipation, and shelter by the coastline and/or neighboring islands are taken into account. ONDATLAS statistics comprise yearly and monthly values, variability and probability data for significant wave height, energy (mean) period, peak period and wave power, and directional histograms for wave and power direction. Joint probability distributions for various combinations of the above parameters are also available, as well as extreme values and return period for wave height and period parameters. A summary of the detailed verification of this model using long-term buoy measurements at four sites is presented. The main characteristics of ONDATLAS are described. The strong spatial variability that wave conditions exhibit at the coastal area are illustrated and a brief assessment of the nearshore resource at the Portugal mainland is presented.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A CONCEPT WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER FOR HARNESSING LOW AMPLITUDE SEA WAVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
OLAKUNLE KAYODE ◽  
TITUS OLUWASUJI AJEWOLE ◽  
OLUFEMI ADEBOLA KOYA
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Point Absorber ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Incident Waves

This paper presents the results from experimental validation of numerical simulation of a concept wave energy converter for low amplitude sea waves. The device was conceived to contain a wave amplifying device (WAD) to magnify the wave height of incident waves while point absorber buoy(s) efficiently harness the wave energy for electricity production. The validation results show that the optimum aperture angle for the WAD is 45±2 degree, and wave height magnification of 170% is possible. The optimal buoy shape for the device was confirmed as concave wedge buoy. The combination of the two in a single device shall make economical the harnessing of low amplitude waves.

Assimilating a Time-Domain Representation of a Wave Energy Converter Into a Spectral Wave Model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Luczko ◽  
Helen Bailey ◽  
Bryson Robertson ◽  
Clayton Hiles ◽  
Bradley Buckham
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Incident Wave ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

To accommodate future power demands, wave energy converters (WECs) will be deployed in arrays, but largely unanswered questions of the annual energy production and environmental impact of such installations present regulatory dilemmas. In recent years, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a modified version of the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model to simulate WEC energy extraction in a propagating wave field. The SNL source code modifications to SWAN have facilitated a way to characterize the frequency dependent power absorption of a device in a spectral model using standard WEC parameterizations. The work presented in this paper seeks to build on source code modifications previously made by SNL. A new WEC meta-model, alters the incident wave spectrum based on power extracted from the sea and dissipated by hydrodynamic losses experienced at the WEC. These losses are calculated in an external six degree of freedom (DOF) time domain WEC simulation. The two WEC models were compared in terms of significant wave height reduction in the WEC’s lee and annual power production. The new model reduced the estimated distance required for the waves to recover 95% of the incident wave height by 50% for the same sea state. A 4.5% difference in annual power production was observed for a WEC operating in the lee of another device when deployed off the west coast of Canada.

A Nearshore Wave Energy Atlas for Portugal

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Pontes ◽  
R. Aguiar ◽  
H. Oliveira Pires
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Peak Period

The nearshore wave energy resource in Portugal has been assessed through the development of ONDATLAS. This is an electronic atlas, compatible with Internet access, containing comprehensive wave climate and wave energy statistics for 78 points at about 20 m water depth spaced variably ca. 5 km to 30 km, 5 points at deep water and 2 points at open ocean locations. The data were produced by a third-generation wind-wave model, complemented by an inverse-ray model that computes the directional spectra transformation from open ocean to the near-shore. Shoaling, refraction, bottom dissipation and shelter by the coastline and/or neighbouring islands are taken into account. ONDATLAS statistics comprise yearly and monthly values, variability and probability data for significant wave height, energy (mean) period, peak period and wave power, and directional histograms for wave and power direction. Joint probability distributions for various combinations of the above parameters are also available, as well as extreme values and return period for wave height and period parameters. A summary of the detailed verification of this model using long-term buoy measurements at four sites is presented. The main characteristics of ONDATLAS are described. The strong spatial variability that wave conditions exhibit at the coastal area are illustrated and a brief assessment of the nearshore resource at the Portugal mainland is presented.

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