Effect of the Ratio of CODCr to Total Nitrogen on Enhanced Treatment of Sewage from Discharging Points of Rivers by Enzyme-Biofilm Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 3751-3754
Author(s):  
Gai Mei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Promotion Effect ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Biofilm Process

The research studied enhanced treatment of sewage from discharging points of rivers by biofilm process dosing with enzyme and promotion effect of enzyme on treatment of sewage by biofilm process, and investigated the effect of the ratio of CODCr to total nitrogen (C/N) on removals of pollution indexes. The research results indicated that with the decrease of C/N, the removal rates of CODCrwere stable and the removal rates of NH3-N increased, but the removal rates of TN obviously decreased in the three reactors. When C/N=5, the average removal rate of TN was higher than 30% in reactor B and C. When C/N=3, it decreased and maintained about 30%. When C/N=2, it was low and approximately 20%. When C/N=5, 3 or 2，the removal rates of CODCr, NH3-N and TN greatly increased in reactor B and C than in reactor A, which indicated that the promotion effects of the composite enzyme and the compounded enzyme on the removals of the target pollutants were favorable.

Effect of Temperature on Enhanced Treatment of Sewage from Discharging Points of Rivers by Biofilm Process Dosing with Enzyme

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 3747-3750
Author(s):  
Gai Mei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Promotion Effect ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biofilm Process

The research studied enhanced treatment of sewage from discharging points of rivers by biofilm process dosing with enzyme and promotion effect of enzyme on treatment of sewage by biofilm process, and investigated the changes of removal rates of the main pollution indexes at different temperature to ensure the optimal temperature. The research results indicated that temperature was an important factor influencing the removal rates of the main pollution indexes. When temperature was in the range of 5°C-8°C, the promotion effects of enzyme on the removals of CODCrand ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of sewage by biofilm process were not obvious. However when temperature were in the ranges of 15°C -18°C and 22°C -25°C, enzyme had the high promotion effects on the removals of the pollution indexes. Furthermore, within the certain temperature (5°C -25°C), the removal rates of CODCrand NH3-N were on the rise with the increase of temperature. When temperature increased from 5°C -8°C to 15°C -18°C, the removal rate of CODCrobviously increased, but when temperature continued to increase to 25, the rise trend of the removal rate of CODCrbecame slow. On the other hand, when temperature increased from 5°C -8°C to 22°C -25°C, the increase of the removal rate of NH3-N was always evident. Therefore, the optimal temperature was in the range of 22°C -25°C for the enhanced treatment of sewage from discharging points of rivers by biofilm process dosing with enzyme.

Effect of Phenol on Treatment of Sewage from Channel Discharge with Biological Accelerator-Biofilm Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 3761-3764
Author(s):  
Gai Mei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Promotion Effect ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Biofilm Process

The research studied enhanced treatment of sewage from discharging points of rivers by biofilm process dosing with enzyme and the effect of phenol on removal rates of the main pollution indexes, and investigated promotion effect of enzyme (including the laboratory developed compounded enzyme and the foreign composite enzyme) on treatment of sewage by biofilm process. The research results indicated that when initial concentration of phenol was 5mg/L, the removal rates of phenol, CODCrand ammonia nitrogen obviously decreased compared to no phenol added to reactor A, B and C, and the negative effect of phenol was smaller on reactor B and C than on reactor A. Moreover, enzyme had good promotion effect on biofilm process during the sewage treatment process.

Effect of Mineral Oil on Sewage Disposal by Biofilm Process Dosing with Enzyme

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 3743-3746
Author(s):  
Gai Mei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
Promotion Effect ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Biofilm Process

The research studied enhanced treatment of sewage from discharging points of rivers by biofilm process dosing with enzyme and the effect of mineral oil on removal rates of the main pollution indexes, and investigated promotion effect of enzyme (including the laboratory developed compounded enzyme and the foreign composite enzyme) on treatment of sewage by biofilm process. The research results indicated that when mineral oil with the concentration of 20mg/L was added to reactor A, B and C, respectively, the removal rates of mineral oil, CODCrand ammonia nitrogen all obviously decreased. Meanwhile, the removal rates of mineral oil, CODCrand ammonia nitrogen were higher in reactor B and C than in reactor A, and the removal rates of them in reactor B were similar to them in reactor C, which indicated that enzyme had good promotion effect on biofilm process during the sewage treatment process.

Study on Treatment of Sewage from Channel Discharge with Biological Accelerator-Biofilm Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 644-648
Author(s):  
Gai Mei Guo ◽  
Hui Fen Qin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Biofilm Process

This paper studied treatment of sewage from channel discharge with biological accelerator-biofilm process, and investigated the promoting effect of biological accelerator on biofilm process during the sewage treatment process. Meanwhile, compared the difference between the laboratory developed compounded enzyme and the foreign composite enzyme. The research results indicated that using biofilm process, the composite enzyme-biofilm process and the compounded enzyme-biofilm process for treating sewage, the removal rate of CODcr was separately 70.5%, 78.4% and 74.0% and that of ammonia nitrogen was separately 38.2%, 48.6% and 45.9%, which accounted for that under the strengthening action of biological accelerator, the treatment effect was remarkable for using biofilm process disposing channel disordered discharge sewage. Furthermore, the promoting effect of the compounded enzyme was equivalent to that of the composite enzyme for biofilm process, and the compounded enzyme could come into use instead of the composite enzyme.

A Study on Water Hyacinth Purifying Effect on Different Levels of Eutrophic Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1899-1902
Author(s):  
Su Chen ◽  
Lei Chao ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Lin Shan Wang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
Different Levels

In this experiment, water hyacinth presents a good purification effect in five kinds of eutrophic waters with initial total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in between 8.34~20.45 mg/L and 0.78~1.51 mg/L. After two weeks of purification, TN and TP concentrations of eutrophic waters are reduced to 1.78~5.68 mg/L and 0.25~0.312 mg/L, and TN and TP removal rates are 72.22~78.65% and 67.95~79.34%. Water hyacinth’s TN removal rate decreases as TN initial concentration increases; TP removal rate increases as TP initial concentration increases. Water hyacinth’s average total biomass in eutrophic water has increased by 0.944~1.084 kg/m2, and the average bio-dry-weight has increased by 0.0470~0.0547 kg/m2. The average total biomass and average bio-dry-weight of water hyacinth increase as the eutrophication deepens.

Analysis of organic removal rates in the aerated submerged fixed film process

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Hamoda ◽  
Ibrahim A. Al-Ghusain
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
And Performance

Performance data from a pilot-plant employing the four-stage aerated submerged fixed film (ASFF) process treating domestic wastewater were analyzed to examine the organic removal rates. The process has shown high BOD removal efficiencies (> 90%) over a wide range of hydraulic loading rates (0.04 to 0.68 m3/m2·d). It could also cope with high hydraulic and organic loadings with minimal loss in efficiency due to the large amount of immobilized biomass attained. The organic (BOD and COD) removal rate was influenced by the hydraulic loadings applied, but organic removal rates of up to 104 kg BOD/ m2·d were obtained at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.68 m3/m2·d. A Semi-empirical model for the bio-oxidation of organics in the ASFF process has been formulated and rate constants were calculated based on statistical analysis of pilot-plant data. The relationships obtained are very useful for analyzing the design and performance of the ASFF process and a variety of attached growth processes.

The comparison of trichloroethylene removal rates by methane- and aromatic-utilizing microorganisms

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-J. Lu ◽  
C. M. Lee ◽  
M.-S. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Initial Cell Concentration ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Toluene Concentration ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The comparison of TCE cometabolic removal by methane, toluene, and phenol utilizers was conducted with a series of batch reactors. Methane, toluene, or phenol enriched microorganisms were used as cell source. The initial cell concentration was about 107 cfu/mL. Methane, toluene, and phenol could be readily biodegraded resulting in the cometabolic removal of TCE. Among the three primary carbon sources studied, the presence of phenol provided the best cometabolic removal of TCE. When the concentration of carbon source was 3 mg-C/L, the initial TCE removal rates initiated by methane, toluene, and phenol utilizers were 1.5, 30, and 100 μg/L-hr, respectively. During the incubation period of 80 hours, TCE removal efficiencies were 26% and 96% with the presence of methane and toluene, respectively. However, it was 100% within 20 hours with the presence of phenol. For phenol utilizers, the initial TCE removal rates were about the same, when the phenol concentrations were 1.35, 2.7, and 4.5 mg/L. However, TCE removal was not proportional to the concentrations of phenol. TCE removal was hindered when the phenol concentration was higher than 4.5 mg/L because of the rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen. The presence of toluene also initiated cometabolic removal of TCE. The presence of toluene at 3 and 5 mg/L resulted in similar TCE removal. The initial TCE removal rate was about 95 μg/L-hr at toluene concentrations of 3 and 5 mg/L compared to 20 μg/L-hr at toluene concentration of 1 mg/L.

Relations between carbon removal rates, biofilm size and density of a novel anaerobic reactor: the inverse turbulent bed

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Buffière ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Carbon Removal ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

An anaerobic inverse turbulent bed, in which the biogas only ensures fluidisation of floating carrier particles, was investigated for carbon removal kinetics and for biofilm growth and detachment. The range of operation of the reactor was kept within 5 and 30 kgCOD· m−3· d−1, with Hydraulic Retention Times between 0.28 and 1 day. The carbon removal efficiency remained between 70 and 85%. Biofilm size were rather low (between 5 and 30 μm) while biofilm density reached very high values (over 80 kgVS· m−3). The biofilm size and density varied with increasing carbon removal rates with opposite trends; as biofilm size increases, its density decreases. On the one hand, biomass activity within the reactor was kept at a high level, (between 0.23 and 0.75 kgTOC· kgVS· d−1, i.e. between 0.6 and 1.85 kgCOD·kgVS · d−1).This result indicates that high turbulence and shear may favour growth of thin, dense and active biofilms. It is thus an interesting tool for biomass control. On the other hand, volatile solid detachment increases quasi linearly with carbon removal rate and the total amount of solid in the reactor levels off at high OLR. This means that detachment could be a limit of the process at higher organic loading rates.

scholarly journals Enhanced Wastewater Treatment by Immobilized Enzymes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Zdarta ◽  
Katarzyna Jankowska ◽  
Karolina Bachosz ◽  
Oliwia Degórska ◽  
Karolina Kaźmierczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Catalytic Cycles

Abstract Purpose of Review In the presented review, we have summarized recent achievements on the use of immobilized oxidoreductases for biodegradation of hazardous organic pollutants including mainly dyes, pharmaceuticals, phenols, and bisphenols. In order to facilitate process optimization and achievement of high removal rates, effect of various process conditions on biodegradation has been highlighted and discussed. Recent Findings Current reports clearly show that immobilized oxidoreductases are capable of efficient conversion of organic pollutants, usually reaching over 90% of removal rate. Further, immobilized enzymes showed great recyclability potential, allowing their reuse in numerous of catalytic cycles. Summary Collected data clearly indicates immobilized oxidoreductases as an efficient biocatalytic tools for removal of hazardous phenolic compounds, making them a promising option for future water purification. Data shows, however, that both immobilization and biodegradation conditions affect conversion efficiency; therefore, process optimization is required to achieve high removal rates. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated future trends and highlighted several issues that have to be solved in the near-future research, to facilitate large-scale application of the immobilized oxidoreductases in wastewater treatment.

Lubricant Removal, Degradation, and Recovery on Particulate Magnetic Recording Media

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Novotny ◽  
T. E. Karis ◽  
N. W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Viscosity ◽  
Magnetic Recording ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Lateral Diffusion ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Magnetic Recording Media ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Mechanical Durability

Lubrication of particulate magnetic recording media improves their mechanical durability in sliding and flying by several orders of magnitude compared with unlubricated media. Lubricant removal, degradation, and recovery were studied using microslit scanning Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and microspot scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These techniques measure the total and surface lubricant amounts in the porous film, respectively. Lubricant dynamics were compared for two physisorbed polyperfluoroalkylether lubricants of similar molecular weight but different molecular structure—Y with a CF3 side group and Z with linear chains. The bulk viscosity of Y was about ten times higher than the viscosity of Z. In sliding, the lubricant removal rate of Y was significantly higher than that of Z while in flying the removal rates were reversed. Removal rates in sliding were orders of magnitude higher than those in flying. Effective lateral diffusion coefficients estimated from the rate of lubricant reflow back to the depleted tracks were close to inversely proportional to the bulk viscosity. During sliding and flying both lubricants degraded as evidenced by chemically altered lubricant detected on the surfaces after dissolution of undegraded lubricant.

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