Fabrication of Water Treatment Membrane Using Templating Method - A Critical Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Quan Chen ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Ru Xu Du
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Templating Method ◽  
Polystyrene Beads ◽  
Future Research Directions

The progress in the use of templating method for the controlled synthesis of nano, meso and macro porous materials opens many new application areas, one of which is the water treatment membrane. This paper presents a critical review on the fabrication of water treatment membrane using the templating method. Three templating methods are investigated including the block copolymer templating method, the polystyrene beads templating method, and the particles templating method. The future research directions are also discussed.

Parental Warmth and Hostility as Related to Sex Differences in Children's Achievement Orientation

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Oxford Manley
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parental Warmth ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Children's Achievement ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article is a critical review of studies concerning the relationship of parental warmth and hostility to sex-related differences in children's achievement orientation. Parental warmth seemed to operate differently upon girls' and boys' achievement orientation in most of the studies cited. Moderate but not high maternal warmth and even slight hostility were related to strong achievement∗ orientation in girls, while high maternal nurturance and affection were associated with strong achievement orientation in boys. However, the article warns against assuming a simple causal relationship between parental warmth and sex-related differences in children's achievement orientation. Achievement theories, two main parental dimensions, and future research directions are also discussed.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Perceptions of Sexual Intent: A Qualitative Review and Integration

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen P. Lindgren ◽  
Michele R. Parkhill ◽  
William H. George ◽  
Christian S. Hendershot
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Sexual Intent ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Sexual Intent Perception

Men appear to interpret people's behaviors more sexually than do women. This finding, which has been replicated in scores of studies using a variety of methodological approaches, has been linked to important social concerns, including sexual assault and sexual harassment. This article provides a critical review of the published literature on gender differences in sexual intent perception, using selective examples to illustrate and summarize the field's major constructs, methodologies, and empirical findings. Theoretical explanations for gender differences in sexual intent perceptions are reviewed. Finally, we highlight the field's remaining issues and make several recommendations for future research directions.

Fabrication of Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes and their Applications in Water Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omnya Abdalla ◽  
Md A. Wahab ◽  
Ahmed Abdala
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Nanoporous Graphene ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Generation

: Membrane separation are at the forefront of the technologies for desalination and wastewater treatment. However, current membranes have inherent limitations, including permeability/selectivity trade-off and fouling susceptibility. To overcome these limitations, a new generation of advanced membranes based on nanomaterials has emerged. Among the nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO) is regarded as the most promising nanomaterials due to its favorable characteristics such as hydrophilicity, tunable surface chemistry, large surface area, mechanical stability, bacteriostasis, and biocidal activities. Currently, there are three types of graphene-based membranes, i.e., nanoporous graphene/GO, laminated GO, and mixed matrix membranes. The fabrication, applications, and limitations of the three classes of membranes are analyzed. After a brief introduction to membranes, graphene, GO, and GO functionalization, the recent advances in the fabrication of these membranes are presented. Relevant applications of these membranes in water treatment is discussed in light of the structureperformance relationship. Finally, the overall conclusion and our perspective on future research directions are provided.

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