Effect of Rare Earth Ce Addition on Microstructure and Properties of WCu Contact Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Xian Hui Wang ◽  
Jun Tao Zou ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Shu Hua Liang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Maximum Compression Stress ◽  
Infiltration Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to clarify the effect of rare earth Ce on the microstructure and properties of WCu contact materials, different contents of Ce were introduced into W skeleton, and the relative density and compression stress of the pre-sintered W skeletons were tested. Subsequently, WCu contact materials with different contents of Ce were prepared by infiltration method. The hardness, electrical conductivity and the compression stress of WCu contact materials were tested, and the microstructure and composition were characterized by a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show that rare earth Ce can purify W/W interface and promote the densification of W skeleton, enhance the bonding of Cu/W, and improve the integral properties of WCu contact materials. In the range of experiments, WCu contact materials with 0.30wt%Ce addition has the maximum hardness of 215HB and the maximum compression stress of 900N/mm2, which are respectively increased by 23.60% and 57.20% in comparison with that without Ce addition.

Effect of La Addition in W Skeleton on Microstructure and Properties of WCu Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 1606-1610
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Shu Hua Liang ◽  
Xian Hui Wang ◽  
Jun Tao Zou ◽  
Peng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Maximum Compression ◽  
La Addition ◽  
Maximum Compression Stress ◽  
Rare Earth La ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to improve properties of WCu alloy, the different La were introduced into W skeleton during sintering process. The hardness, electrical conductivity and the compression stress were tested, and the microstructure and composition were characterized by a scanning electron microscope. The results show that an appropriate rare earth La addition can purify W/W interface, enhance the bonding of W /W, and improve the densification and the integral properties of WCu alloy. In the range of experiments, WCu alloy with 0.3wt% La addition has the largest hardness value of 198HB and the maximum compression stress of 823N/mm2. In comparison with that without La addition, 0.3wt%La addition decreases the electrical conductivity slightly, but improves the hardness and the maximum compression stress significantly, which are increased by 23.6% and 57.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Rare-Earth Metals Addition on Microstructure and Properties of Selected Copper Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Rdzawski ◽  
W. Głuchowski ◽  
J. Stobrawa ◽  
J. Sobota
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Metal Working ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Effect of addition of rare earth metals on microstructure and properties of copper alloys after casting, after cold working and after heat treatment was studies in this paper. Methodology consisted of microstructure investigations by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, distribution of alloying elements and electron backscattered diffraction results (EBSD) were presented. The mechanical properties of a wire after tension test and after hardness measurements were described. Electrical conductivity test was performed using Foerster Sigmatest and Thomson bridge. Analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties of investigated alloys after casting and after metal working showed possibility to produce materials with preferred set of functional properties.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Properties of Cu-Cr-Mo System Electrical Contact Material by Sintering and Infiltration Methods

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Yeong-Woo Cho ◽  
Jae-Jin Sim ◽  
Jong-Soo Byeon ◽  
Taek-Soo Kim ◽  
Kee-Ahn Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Green Compact ◽  
Contact Material ◽  
Mixed Powder ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Infiltration Method

Contact materials in high-voltage vacuum interrupters require properties such as high conductivity, density and hardness to minimize arc heat damage. In this study, Cu–Cr–Mo alloy contact materials were examined for their usage as high-voltage contact materials. Ball milling was performed after analyzing the raw materials of the Cu, Cr and Mo powders. A green compact was produced using high pressure with a mixed powder. Subsequently, the composite was produced by sintering via the temperature and infiltration method according to the Cu content in the green compact. The composite sintering method produced a density of 8.55 g/cm3 (relative density 93%), a hardness of 217 HV and an electrical conductivity of 40.7% IACS at 1200 °C. The composite of 10 wt.% Cu produced by the Cu infiltration method exhibited a density of 8.7 g/cm3 (relative density 94%), hardness of 274 HV and electrical conductivity of 39 IACS% at 1300 °C. The measurements of the physical properties of our newly established method demonstrated a new possibility of using the Cu–Cr–Mo alloy as a contact material for high-voltage vacuum interrupters.

scholarly journals Microstructure and properties of silver based cadmium free electrical contact materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Talijan ◽  
V. Cosovic ◽  
Jasna Stajic-Trosic ◽  
A. Grujic ◽  
Dragana Zivkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Small Addition ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Simultaneous Study ◽  
Electrical Contact Materials ◽  
Microstructure Density

The presented work covers part of experimental results of simultaneous study of microstructure, density, hardness and electrical conductivity of sintered electrical contact materials based of Ag- SnO2 with 8, 10 and 12 mass% SnO2. The mentioned characteristics were analyzed in the function of different sintering regimes and after additional mechanical treatment (forging and rolling). The influence of small addition of In2O3 (2.9 mass%) on the increase of dispersion of main oxide SnO2 in Ag matrix is observed and presented also.

Effect of Rare Earth Cerium on the Synthesis and Wear-Resistance of Electroless Ni-P-PTFE Coatings

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1996-2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Yong Liu ◽  
Long Gen Li ◽  
Li Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Scanning Electron

By adding various concentrations of rare earth cerium into the acidic hypophosphite plating baths, electroless Ni-P-PTFE coatings have been successfully deposited on the surface of shaft made of mild steel. Surface morphology, microhardness and interfacial adhesion of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer, vicker microhardness meter and WS-92 scrape instrument, respectively. Ring-plate wear test was applied to study the friction coefficient and wear resistance of Ni-P-PTFE coating. Results revealed that Ni-P-PTFE coatings deposited with 10ppm or 20ppm cerium in the plating baths show low friction coefficient and high interfacial adhesion,leading to its perfect wear resistance. However, both the interfacial adhesion and wear resistance of the Ni-P-PTFE coatings were decreased drastically as the cerium concentration in the plating baths was exceeds 50ppm.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Properties of Cu-Cr-Mo System Electrical Contact Material by Sintering and Infiltration Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeong-Woo Cho ◽  
Jae-Jin Sim ◽  
Sung-Gue Heo ◽  
Jong-Soo Byeon ◽  
Kee-Ahn Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Green Compact ◽  
Contact Material ◽  
Mixed Powder ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Sintering Method ◽  
Infiltration Method

The contact materials in high-voltage vacuum interrupter require properties such as high conductivity, high density, and high hardness to minimize arc heat damage. In this study, copper–molybdenum-chromium alloys contact materials are examined for a high voltage contact material. Ball milling process was carried out after analyzing the raw materials of copper, chromium, and molybdenum powders. A green compact was produced using a high press with the mixed powder. Afterwards, composite was produced by sintering method according to temperature and infiltration method according to Cu content in green compact. The composite of sintering method showed a density of 8.55 g/cm3 (relative density 93%) a hardness of 217 HV, and an electrical conductivity of 40.7 IACS% at 1200 °C. The composite of 10 wt.% Cu produced by the Cu infiltration method showed a density of 8.7 g/cm3 (relative density 94%), Hardness of 274HV and electrical conductivity of 39 IACS% at 1300 °C. The measurements of physical properties showed the new possibility of using the Cu–Cr–Mo alloy as a contact material for high-voltage vacuum interrupters.

Effect of Rare Earth La Modification on Microstructure and Properties of ZL101 Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Mei Zhang ◽  
Zhi Ming Shi ◽  
Rui Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Small Load ◽  
La Modification ◽  
Rare Earth La ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, rare earth La modifying ZL101 alloy was studied by using of optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, universal materials tester and small-load Brinell hardness. The influence of T6 heat treatment of the alloy’s microstructure and properties was also studied. The results show that microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy have much obvious modification effect at modification temperature (690°C). The microstructure and mechanical properties are improved remarkably when La content is up to 0.15wt%.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AGING TREATMENT PARAMETERS ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF Cu-Ni-Si ALLOY

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (5A) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Phung Tuan Anh
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Deformation Degree ◽  
Subsequent Aging ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Alloy Increase

In this paper, effect of cold pre-deformation and sequent aging time and temperature on microstructure and properties of Cu-2.8Ni-1.0Si alloy are reported. The results shown that, hardness and electrical conductivity of alloy increase with increasing cold deformation degree after quenching and subsequent aging. With undeformed specimens after quenching, hardness and electrical conductivity of alloy reach maximum values with subsequent aging at 425 and 475 oC, respectively. Alloy attains maximum hardness of 255 HV5 with aging at 425 oC for 4.5 hours, while maximum electrical conductivity of 38.5 %IACS with aging at 475 oC for 8 hours. In the case of deformed specimens after quenching and subsequent aging, this rule is still preserved. Especially, at 70 % cold pre-deformation degree, alloy attains the maximum hardness of 274.3 HV5 with aging at 425 oC for 3.5 h, while maximum electrical conductivity reaches 42.4 % IACS with aging at 475 oC for 6 h.

Effects of La and Ce Mixed Rare Earth on Microstructure and Properties of Al-Mg-Si Aluminum Alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Cheng Wang ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Dong Fu Song ◽  
Deng Nong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Positive Effect

The effects of La and Ce mixed rare earth on the microstructure and properties of Al-0.75Mg-0.6Si alloy were studied by optical microscopy, digital eddy current conductive instrument and tensile testing machine. Results showed that the addition of La and Ce mixed rare earth had a positive effect on the grain refinement of Al-0.75Mg-0.6Si alloy, which is beneficial to improve the electrical conductivity and strength. With increasing the additive amount of La and Ce mixed rare earth, the electrical conductivity, tensile strength and elongation of Al-0.75Mg-0.6Si alloy gradually increased. When the additive amount of La and Ce mixed rare earth increased to 0.5%, the electrical conductivity of Al-0.75Mg-0.6Si alloy was 55.7% IACS, the tensile strength and elongation of Al-0.75Mg-0.6Si alloy were 236 MPa and 16.7%, respectively. The electrical conductivity increased by 5.7%, tensile strength and elongation increased by 11.3% and 15.2% compared with that of Al-0.75Mg-0.6Si alloy without adding the La and Ce mixed rare earth.

Microstructure and microanalysis of sintered Fe-Nd-B permanent magnets

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Mahesh Chandramouli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Domain Wall Energy ◽  
Oxide Phases ◽  
Scanning Electron

Magnetization reversal in sintered Fe-Nd-B, a complex, multiphase material, occurs by nucleation and growth of reverse domains making the isolation of the ferromagnetic Fe14Nd2B grains by other nonmagnetic phases crucial. The magnets used in this study were slightly rich in Nd (in comparison to Fe14Nd2B) to promote the formation of Nd-oxides at multigrain junctions and incorporated Dy80Al20 as a liquid phase sintering addition. Dy has been shown to increase the domain wall energy thus making nucleation more difficult while Al is thought to improve the wettability of the Nd-oxide phases.Bulk polished samples were examined in a JEOL 35CF scanning electron microscope (SEM) operated at 30keV equipped with a Be window energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) detector in order to determine the phase distribution.

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