Synthesis Mechanism and Microstructure Characterization of BaIn2O4

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 1342-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ren ◽  
Li Cheng Zhou ◽  
Jun Xi Zhang ◽  
Hong Yun
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Co Precipitation

The synthesis mechanism and microstructures of BaIn2O4 particles were analyzed by simultaneous thermogravimetry - differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Firstly, In(OH)3 and BaCO3 precursors were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Next, during the sintering process In(OH)3 initially decomposed into In2O3 and water, and then BaCO3 reacted with In2O3 to synthesize Ba4In6O13. Finally, Ba4In6O13 and In2O3 further reacted to form BaIn2O4. The obtained BaIn2O4 particles were in monoclinic structure and exhibited high crystal quality. The grains were tightly bound together and their boundaries became blurry. The grain sizes increased with increasing the sintering temperature.

Characterization of Al2(WO4)3 Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S.G. Junior ◽  
P.M . Jardim
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Alpha Alumina

Al2(WO4)3was synthesized by co-precipitation using Na2WO4and Al (NO3)3as precursors. After drying the precipitate, it was calcined at different temperatures between 500°C and 800°C. The crystallization and degradation temperatures of the samples were evaluated by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the crystallization starts at around 600°C, however Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that at this temperature the sample is partially amorphous. The degradation of the material starts at around 1200°C and at 1400°C the tungsten oxide has almost completely evaporated and the material is transformed mainly in alpha-alumina.

The Influence of Calcination Temperature on Quantitative Phase of Hematite from Iron Stone Tanah Laut

2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 489-492
Author(s):  
Ali Mufid ◽  
M. Zainuri
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Co Precipitation

This research aims to form particles of hematite (α-Fe2O3) with a basis of mineral iron ore Fe3O4 from Tanah Laut. Magnetite Fe3O4 was synthesized using co-precipitation method. Further characterization using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to obtain the percentage of the elements, obtained an iron content of 98.51%. Then characterized using thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) to determine the calcination temperature, that at a temperature of 445 °C mass decreased by 0.369% due to increase in temperature. Further Characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the phases formed at the calcination temperature variation of 400 °C, 445 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C with a holding time of 5 hours to form a single phase α-Fe2O3 hematite. Testing with a particle size analyzer (PSA) to determine the particle size distribution, where test results indicate that the α-Fe2O3 phase of each having a particle size of 269.7 nm, 332.2 nm, 357.9 nm, 412.2 nm. The best quantity is shown at a temperature of 500 °C to form the hematite phase. This result is used as the calcination procedure to obtain a source of Fe ions in the manufacture of Lithium Ferro Phosphate.

Effect of Process on the Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3-Based X9R Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Lin Zhang ◽  
Bin Bin Zhang ◽  
Ning Ning Wang ◽  
Jing Ming Fei
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sintered Ceramic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer

The effect of milling time and sintering process on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3-based X9R ceramics was investigated. The characterization of the raw powders and the sintered ceramic was carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The particle size distribution of the mixed powders was examined by Laser Particle Size Analyzer. The results shown that with the milling time extended, the Cruie Peak was depressed, or even disappeared. Moreover, with the rise of sintering temperature, the dielectric constant of the ceramics increased and the dielectric loss decreased gradually. Eventually, by milling for 11h and sintering at 1090°Cfor 2h, good dielectric properties were obtained, which were ε25°C≥ 2526, εr/εr25°C≤± 12% (–55~200°C), tanδ≤1.12% (25°C).

Synthesis and Characterization of Structure of Fe3O4@Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369351602500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruimin Fu ◽  
Mingfu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Nowadays, the hummers method for preparation of graphene oxide (GO) was improved. The grapheme oxide @ Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites were synthesized by co-precipitation method. After analysing the morphology and structure of obtained nanocomposites by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, the result was shown as follows. The particle size of Fe3O4 in nanocomposites is 30 nm. Many functional groups are found in grapheme oxide, and such groups could be used to bind with the drug. In the test for magnetic properties, the nanocomposites gathered rapidly in the vicinity of the permanent magnet. The nanocomposites, with high superparamagnetism, can be used in the following applications: drug targeting transports, drug carrier, and diagnosis assistant system.

Study of Preparation, Characterization and Temperature-Programmed Reduction of NiO-ZnO Binary Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Chih Wei Tang ◽  
Jiunn Jer Hwang ◽  
Shie Hsiung Lin ◽  
Chin Chun Chung
Keyword(s):  
Weight Percent ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Temperature Programmed Reduction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The NiO-ZnO binary materials had been prepared by co-precipitation method. The weight percent of nickel of NiO-ZnO materials were 5, 10 and 20; they were pretreated under air at temperature of 300, 500 and 700°C, respectively. The characterization of NiO-ZnO materials were the thermal gravity analysis(TGA), X-ray diffraction(XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption at 77K, scaning electron microscope(SEM) and temperature-programmed reduction(TPR). The results revealed that surface areas of NiO-ZnO materials order from large to small were 20NiZn(OH)x(66 m2·g-1) > 10NiZn(OH)x(34 m2·g-1) > 5NiZn(OH)x(9 m2·g-1) after being calcined at the temperature of 500°C. Further, NiO-ZnO materials had two main reductive peaks at 390-415°C and 560-657°C, respectively. In all NiO-ZnO materials, 20NiZn(OH)x-C500 material had the highest surface area and the best interaction between NiO and ZnO.

Y3Al5O12 Nanocrystallites Prepared from a Novel Crystalline Precursor

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1142-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Jiang Han ◽  
Dan Gao ◽  
Ke Zheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Co Precipitation

A novel crystalline precursor for preparing Y3Al5O12 (YAG) nanocrystallite was synthesized via a co-precipitation method using (NH4)2CO3 solution as the precipitator. The precursor was characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermal gravimetry (TG), differential thermal gravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The empirical chemical formula of the crystalline precursor can be expressed as 5[(NH4)2Al6(CO3)3(OH)14]×9[Y2(CO3)3×3H2O] according to the test results. The measured weight loss of 46.7% of the precursor without consideration of the absorbed water is in accord with the calculated value of 47.5% according to the above empirical formula. The phase-pure YAG nanocrystallites were obtained by calcining the above precursors at 900°C for 2 hours in air atmosphere. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) result showed that the particle size of YAG nanocrystallites is 40-80 nm. The mechanism of themal decomposition of the crystalline precursor was also presented.

Mechanical Alloying Influence on the Sintering of Cu-Fe Compound Powders

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1350-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Feng Sun ◽  
Ming Zhi Wang ◽  
Xiao Pu Li ◽  
Zhan Wen He ◽  
Yu Cheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Strength ◽  
Activation Energy Of Diffusion

In this paper, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and sintering process were used to characterize Cu-Fe compound powders milled for different times. The increment of defects and the change of granularity, grain size and crystal structure were discussed. Mechanical Alloying (MA) influence on the sintering of Cu-Fe compound powders was analyzed. The results showed that, the refinement of the powders and the increment of defects such as interface and dislocation induced the energy storage. The stored energy released in the sintering process, which reduced the activation energy of vacancy and the activation energy of diffusion. So the sintering temperature was reduced and the structure, strength and hardness of specimens were improved.

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Nanostructured Multiferroic BiFeO3 Ceramics

2012 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Y. Shami ◽  
M.S. Awan ◽  
M. Anis-ur-Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Volumetric Strain ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties ◽  
Multiferroic Bifeo ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Co Precipitation

Nanostructured multiferroic BiFeO3(BFO) powders were synthesized by using the co-precipitation method. Calcination of acquired powder was carried out at 400°C for 3h. Uniaxially pressed pellets were sintered at 500°C, 600°C, 700°C and 800°C for 2 hours in air. These samples were characterized for structural, thermal, electrical and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the amorphous nature of the as driven powder and phase purity of the calcined BFO sample. The crystallite size varied with the sintering temperature from 52 to 70 nm. Sintering above 500°C induced impure phases due to oxygen vacancies and volumetric strain in crystal structure. Ferroelectric to paraelectric transition temperature TC~815°C was verified by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Surface morphology and grain growth was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrical ac measurements were performed in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 3 MHz at room temperature. For a particular sample, capacitance decreased and susceptance increased with the increase of applied frequency signal. These parameters were increased with the increase of sintering temperature. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealed the diverse weak ferromagnetic behavior for the samples sintered at different temperatures. Maximum coercivity (Hc~119.2 Oe) and maximum remnant magnetization (MR~2.1x10-3emu/g) were obtained for the sample sintered at 700°C for 2hr.

PREPARATION OF ZnO:Tm, Gd AND ITS FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250048
Author(s):  
LIMIN DONG ◽  
YOU LI ◽  
QIN LI ◽  
LIANWEI SHAN ◽  
ZHIDONG HAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Properties ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Heat Preservation

ZnO:Tm , Gd materials with high quality blue light emissions were successfully prepared using the chemical co-precipitation method. The surface morphology, composition, crystal structure and fluorescence properties were investigated using the thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL). The results showed that the lowest sintering temperature was 580°C; the optimal sintering temperature was 900°C; ZnO:Tm3+ , Gd3+ had two emission peaks: 1 D 2→3 H 4 and 1 G 4→3 H 6; the optimal heat preservation time was 3 h; the proportion of matrix and doping elements was 100:2; and the optimal proportion of Tm and Gd was 3:2.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ni/Mg/Al Mixed Oxides Obtained by Co-precipitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Martínez-Lozano ◽  
T. Kryshtab ◽  
M. Hesiquio Garduño ◽  
A. Kryvko
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Precipitation

ABSTRACTNi/Mg/Al mixed oxides were obtained from hydrotalcite-like precursors by thermal decomposition at 400º, 600º and 800ºC using co-precipitation method at pH 7. The mixed oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. XRD analysis revealed the formation of NixMg1-xO (x = 0 - 1), α-Al2O3 and traces of MgAl2O4 (NiAl2O4) phases. The diffraction peak positions for MgO or NiO oxides were shifted towards 2θ values higher than simulated for pure bulk oxides that can be attributed to the possible presence of lattice vacancies or surface compressive stress. The evaluated grain size by XRD technique was about 8 -10 nm. It was also detected the presence of microstrains that can be associated with the presence of extended defects in the grains. SEM observations showed that the particles of oxides are formed as agglomerates with the particle sizes of 50 nm up to 200 nm. EDS detected the presence of Mg2+, Ni2+, and Al3+ cations and oxygen in all particles independently on their size. The obtained results revealed the presence of mixture of Ni/Mg/Al oxides in each particle obtained. The oxides calcined at temperatures of 400º and 600ºC were unstable and under air storage they revert to the precursor. The incorporation of Ni2+ in Mg-Al mixed oxides leads to stability of the compounds calcined at 800ºC.

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