Hydrothermal Conversion of Glucose into Lactic Acid with Nickel as a Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3873-3876
Author(s):  
Adama Yousif ◽  
Xu Zeng ◽  
Fang Ming Jin ◽  
Yan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Acid Yield

In this paper, an efficient method for producing lactic acid from glucose with nickel as a catalyst under hydrothermal conditions has been developed. The addition of nickel can improve the lactic acid yield efficiently under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. The highest lactic acid yield of 35% was obtained under the optimum conditions, i.e., reaction temperature 300 °C, reaction time 60 s, 0.5 mmol nickel and 2.5 M NaOH.

Esterification of Menthol and Lactic Acid by Silicotungstic Acid Catalyst Supported on Bentonite

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Jian Zhong Jin ◽  
Na Bo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Silicotungstic Acid ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Acid Loading

The silicotungstic acid catalyst supported on bentonite was employed in the esterification of menthol and lactic acid. The main reaction parameters were silicotungstic acid loading on bentonite, the amounts of catalyst, molar ratio of reactants, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum conditions were determined as follows : silicotungstic acid loading on bentonite 50 wt %, catalyst 1.25 g , mole ratio of menthol to lactic acid 1:1.1, reaction temperature 130 °C and reaction time 3 h . The esterification yield of menthyl lactiate was about 83.97 %. The catalyst could be used repeatedly for many times without distinct loss in activity.

scholarly journals Process optimization for biodiesel production from neutralized waste cooking oil and the effect of this biodiesel on engine performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzer Eryilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oils

In this study, the methyl ester production process from neutralized waste cooking oils is optimized by using alkali-catalyzed (KOH) single-phase reaction. The optimization process is performed depending on the parameters, such as catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum methyl ester conversion efficiency was 90.1% at the optimum conditions of 0.7 wt% of potassium hydroxide, 25 wt% methanol/oil ratio, 90 min reaction time and 60°C reaction temperature. After the fuel characteristics of the methyl ester obtained under optimum conditions were determined, the effect on engine performance, CO and NOx emissions of methyl ester was investigated in a diesel engine with a single cylinder and direct injection. When compared to diesel fuel, engine power and torque decreased when using methyl ester, and specific fuel consumption increased. NOx emission increases at a rate of 18.4% on average through use of methyl ester.

Ru-Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation: A Highly Efficient and Selective Process for Preparing Trans-Trans Isomer of 4,4'-Diamino-Dicyclohexy

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1413-1416
Author(s):  
Yu Xiang Wang ◽  
Dan Dan Li ◽  
Xing Huang ◽  
Ya Juan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Trans Isomer ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Selective Hydrogenation ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Arene Hydrogenation ◽  
Selective Process

The selective hydrogenation of 4,4'-methylenedianiline(MDA) over Ru/γ-Al2O3 was investigated in the presence of diamine and base. Under the optimum conditions: the reaction temperature of 448K, H2 pressure of 1100 psig , and reaction time of 5h, the conversion of 4,4'-methylenedianiline was close to 100% and the selectivity to trans-trans isomer of 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexy was less than 20%.

The Influence of the Hydrothermal Conditions on the Morphologies of β-Ni(OH)2

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Fu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Reaction Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flower-like β-Ni(OH)2 and nanoflakes have been successfully synthesized with nickel nitrate as nickel source and stronger ammonia water as precipitant via the hydrothermal method. The phase and the morphologies of the samples have been characterized and analyzed by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (Scanning electron microscope), respectively. XRD shows that the phase of the samples is β-Ni(OH)2. SEM confirms that The low reaction temperature is propitious to the synthesis of flower-like β-Ni(OH)2, and with the increase of the reaction time the nanoflakes of flower-like β-Ni(OH)2 become much thinner. However, The high temperature is in favor of the synthesis of β-Ni(OH)2 nanosflakes, and with the further increase of the reaction temperature.

Study on a High-Temperature Delayed Cross-Linked Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhao ◽  
Qi Song ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
Yan Ling Wang ◽  
Zeng Bao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions

A retarded zirconium cross-linking agent ECA-1 was prepared by using zirconium oxychloride, lactic acid， xylitol, and so on, then we got a high-temperature delayed cross-linking acid with cross-linking agent ECA-1 added to EVA-180 gelling acid, cross-linked acid performance and its influencing factors were discussed in details, such as reaction conditions of crosslinker, concentrations of crosslinker and thickener, and so on. The results showed that the obtained cross-linked acid had good temperature-tolerate and shear-tolerate properties when the mass ratio of zirconium oxychloride, lactic acid and xylitol is 1:1.25:0.0208 , the reaction temperature is 50~55°C, the reaction time is 4 hours, the delayed cross-linking time of acid system can be adjusted by changing the dosage of crosslinker and thickener.

The Preparation of Magnesium Hydroxide Whiskers

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li Ren ◽  
Qiang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Preparation Technology

The magnesium hydroxide whiskers,its length being about 30μm and its diameter being about 3μm, was prepared by hydrothermal conditions. The effect of preparation technology, which includes the reaction temperature and reaction time, was discussed according to the results of XRD, TEM, and SEM. Moreover, the mechanism of the preparation of magnesium hydroxide whiskers was studied.

Study on the Synthesis Optimization of Paper Wet-Strengthening Resin PAE

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1135-1138
Author(s):  
Shi Min Chen ◽  
Hong Xiang Zhu ◽  
Nan Nan Xia ◽  
Shuang Fei Wang ◽  
Hai Nong Song
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Injection Time ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Diethylene Triamine

The Polyamide Polyamine Epichlorhydrin Resin was obtained by using adipic acid, diethylene triamine and epoxy chloropropane as raw materials. The factors that would affect the properties of PAE resin were considered, including the reaction time, the dosage of the epoxy chloropropane, the injection time of epoxy chloropropane and the soaking time, and the wet strengthening property of PAE resin were studied through experiments. The results are as following: the ratio of epoxy chloropropane to diethylenetriamine is 1:1, the injection time of epoxy chloropropane is 8.5 min, the reaction temperature is 75 °C and the soaking time is 35min~40min. Under the optimum conditions, the PAE has a higher wet-strength and solid content, and its viscosity up to 25~35cp.

Efficient production of lactic acid from sugars over Sn-Beta zeolite in water: catalytic performance and mechanistic insights

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1163-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Sun ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Gai Miao ◽  
Lingzhao Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Beta Zeolite ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Acid Yield

Hydrothermal conversion of sugars exceeded 98.0% with lactic acid yield reaching 67.1% over a Sn-Beta zeolite catalyst prepared via a green synthesis.

Hydrothermal Conversion of Glycerin into Lactic Acid by a Continuous-Flow Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyi Zhang ◽  
Fangming Jin ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
Jianglin Cao ◽  
Yousif S. Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor ◽  
High Efficient

Abstract Using a self-established laboratory scale continuous-flow reactor, the experimental research on continuous hydrothermal conversion of glycerin into lactic acid was made, to lay a foundation for quantity production of lactic acid from glycerin. The optimal operation condition for producing lactic acid in the continuous-flow reactor, and a ~60% lactic acid yield was achieved. Bad mixing of the reactants as well as a large surface area of the inner wall of the reactor tube decreased significantly the lactic acid yields, especially with a long residence time under a high concentration of alkali. The continuous-flow reactor was modified by substituting the 1/8’’ tube with a 1/4’’ tube and equipping a mixing device, and was tested to perform as well as the one with a 1/8’’ tube. The research results would help design and establish a more high-efficient continuous-flow reactor for hydrothermal conversion of glycerin into lactic acid.

Direct Convert Glycerol into Alcohols by Disproportionation Reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 514-517
Author(s):  
Fu Lin Mao ◽  
Wen Sheng Li ◽  
Xiao Ping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Disproportionation Reaction ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Total Alcohol

The disproportionation reaction of glycerol over NaOH was reported in this article. The effects of reaction temperature, glycerol to NaOH mol ratio, glycerol concentration in calcium carbonate, and reaction time were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, 82.6% of glycerol conversion with 44.6% of total alcohol selectivity (propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, methanol, and ethanol) was obtained.

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