Effect of Herbicides on the Photosynthetic Rate and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Solidago canadensis L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2785-2790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Qing Yang ◽  
Fei Yong Liao ◽  
Kun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl

Solidago canadensis L. was treated with metsulfuron-methyl, fluroxypyr and iso-propyl glyphosate. The photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. The results showed that after treated 13 days later, the intrinsic conversion efficiency of light energy decreased, treatment A1B3 had the largest decline, which was 81.6 % of the control, the changes of treatments treated with iso-propyl glyphosate were not obvious; the photochemical quenching parameter of all treatments decreased, treatment A2B2 had the largest decline, which was 42.6 % of control; the photosynthetic electron transport rate decreased obviously, treatment A1B2，A1B3 and A2B2 had the largest decline, which was 20.0 % of control; the net photosynthetic rate decreased greatly, treatment A2B2 and A2B3 drooped more than others, which were 11.3% and 17.8% of control respectively. After treated 50 days later, the plants treated with metsulfuron-methyl and fluroxypyr were dead, whose net photosynthetic rates were zero. The net photosynthetic rates of the plants treated with iso-propyl glyphosate decreased to varying degrees, but plants were alive. Result shows that metsulfuron-methyl and fluroxypyr could be used to kill the Solidago canadensis L., the plants would be dead after treated 50 days later.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll fluorescence response of wheat to exogenous application of growth regulators under terminal drought stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

<p>Drought stress negatively affects plant photosynthesis and disturbs the electron transport activity. Evaluation of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters might reflect influence of the environmental stress on plants and can be applied as an indicator of the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis. In current study the effect of foliar application of benzylaminopurine (BAP, a synthetic cytokinin) and abscisic acid (ABA) on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of relatively drought tolerant (Pishtaz) and susceptible (Karaj3) bread wheat genotypes under well watered and terminal water deficit condition have been evaluated. Terminal drought was induced by withholding water at anthesis stage (Zadoks scale 65). Results showed that coefficient of non-photochemical quenching of variable fluorescence (qN), quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (ΦPSII) and photochemical quenching (qP) were affected by hormone spray treatments. So that evaluation of parameters at 7 day after foliar treatments revealed that ABA significantly increased electron transport rate (ETR) and qN while considerably decreased ΦPSII, gs and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). However exogenous application of cytokinin could increase gs, Fv/Fm and ΦPSII and the highest value of these parameters was recorded in <em>cytokinin </em>treated plants of Pishtaze cv. under well watered condition. Nevertheless, evaluation of the parameters in different periods after spraying showed that with approaching the maturity stage some traits like as gs, Fv/Fm and ETR significantly decreased in both genotypes. Evaluation of gs and Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of genotypes between different irrigation levels showed that although cv. Pishtaz showed higher performance of PSII under well watered condition, it failed to maintain its superiority under stress condition. This finding suggests that some more responsive parameter like gs, Fv/Fm and ΦPSII can be considered as reliable indicator for understanding the biochemical and physiological effects of exogenous application of phytohormones under terminal drought stress.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative research of photosynthetic processes in selected poikilohydric organisms from Mediterranean and Central-European alpine habitats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-298
Author(s):  
Gabriella Nora Maria Giudici ◽  
Josef Hájek ◽  
Miloš Barták ◽  
Svatava Kubešová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Mediterranean Habitats ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

Dehydration-induced decrease in photosynthetic activity was investigated in five poikilohydric autotrophs using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters recorded during controlled desiccation. For the study, two representatives of mosses from alpine zone (Rhizomnium punctatum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus) of the Jeseníky Mts. (Czech Republic) were used. Other two experimental species were mediterranean habitats liverwort (Pellia endiviifolia) and moss (Palustriella commutata), collected from under Woodwardia radicans canopy in the Nature Reserve Valle delle Ferriere (Italy). The last species was a liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) collected from lowland site (Brno, Moravia, Czech Republic). We investigated the relationship between relative water content (RWC) and several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters evaluating primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis, such as effective quantum yield of photosynthetic processes in photosystem II (ΦPSII), and non-photochemical quenching (qN). With desiccation from fully wet (RWC = 100%) to dry state (RWC = 0%), ΦPSII exhibited a rapid (R. punctatum) and slow decline of ΦPSII (R. squarrosus, P. endiviifolia, M. polymorpha, and P. commutata). Shapes of dehydration-response curves were species-specific. RWC0.5, i.e. the RWC at which the sample showed half of maximum ΦPSII, reflected the species-specificity. It reached 65% in desiccation sensitive (R. punctatum), 53% and 43% in semi-tolerant (P. commutata and R. squarrosus), 24% and 18% in desiccation-tolerant species (P. endiviifolia and M. polymorpha). In all experimental species, non-photochemical quenching (qN) of absorbed light energy showed high values at RWC = 100% and a slight increase with desiccation. Steady state chlorophyll fluorescence (FS) remained high during desiccation and was not correlated with ΦPSII.  

scholarly journals Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase and Source-Flow-Sink Related Attributes in Rice Genotypes Subjected to High Night Temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo S. Moura ◽  
Giovani G. Brito ◽  
Ângela D. Campos ◽  
Ítalo L. Moraes ◽  
Paulo R. R. Fagundes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) which is considered to be one of the main lines of cell acclimation against stress in plants, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were quantified in two rice genotypes as a function of two temperature regimes: 22/30 °C (control) and 28/30 °C night/day (high night temperatures - HNT), imposed from heading to milk stage. The rice cultivars chosen were Nagina22 (N22) and BRS Querência (BRS-Quer), which are genotypes tolerant and sensitive to high temperatures, respectively. BRS-Quer genotype highlighted more sensitive responses maintaining higher PAL and peroxidase levels on seventh and twenty-first days after stress imposing. On the other hand, this genotype showed levels of fructose, glucose and sucrose decreasingly across stress period whether compared to N22. Both genotypes showed similarity for most of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. However, the photosynthesis induction curve highlighted that HNT caused decreases in some photochemical quenching of fluorescence as well as increases of non-phochemical quenching, affecting more prominently BRS-Quer genotype. N22 maintained unaltered the spikelet sterility and 1000-grain weight across temperature regimes showing a consistent trend with its stem NSC accumulation during stress period. The higher availability of soluble sugars shown by N22 at the end of stress period could be unloaded in spikelet formation and grain fillings contributing in their lower sterility rate and greater 1000-grain weight stability across the environments. These results indicate that selecting genotypes with higher capacity to stem NSC translocation beyond accumulation at HNT could lead to more grain yield stability in future climate scenarios.

Relationships between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photochemical reflectance index of tree species adapted to different temperature regimes

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Hsien Weng ◽  
Yaw-Nan Chen ◽  
Tien-Szu Liao
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Psii Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Reflectance Index ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Leaf Level

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and spectral reflectance at leaf level were measured at both predawn and noon, under different temperatures and natural light conditions from autumn to winter. Predawn Fv / Fm of both mango (Mangifera indica L.), a tropical fruit tree, and Podocarpus nagi Zoll. et Moritz., a subtropical conifer, decreased with decreasing temperature, with the former to a greater extent than the latter. Yet, predawn Fv / Fm of Taiwan alder (Alnus formosana Makino), a broadleaf tree widely distributed from the lowlands to 3000 m above sea level in Taiwan, was less influenced by temperature. Nevertheless, taking all three species into consideration, predawn Fv / Fm showed a strong correlation with predawn photochemical reflectance index [(PRIp), PRI = (R531 − R570) / (R531 + R570), where R = reflectance]. For the data obtained at noon, ΔF / Fm′ showed a significant but weak correlation with PRI (PRIn). However, stronger correlation between ΔF / Fm′ and ΔPRI (PRIp − PRIn) was found. In addition, while a non-significant or weak correlation between non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and PRIn was observed in species sensitive to low temperature, their NPQ was significantly correlated with ΔPRI. We conclude that PRIp can serve as an indicator of the seasonal variation of potential PSII efficiency; and ΔPRI reflects the actual photodissipation as well as actual PSII efficiency during illumination. For the three species in this study, the PRI provides a more consistent measure of the variation in predawn fluorescence values than for steady-state values measured under normal seasonally varying daylight illumination.

Effect of Branched Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) Infection on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Tomato

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mauromicale ◽  
Antonino Lo Monaco ◽  
Angela M. G. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

The influence of the holoparasite branched broomrape on the vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato was studied over two growing seasons on plants grown in a commercial greenhouse. The presence of the parasite strongly reduced the aerial biomass by acting as a competing sink for assimilate, but more importantly, by compromising the efficiency of carbon assimilation via a reduction in leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F0, Fm, Fv, and Fv/Fm were all altered in parasitized plants, indicating that branched broomrape–infected plants are more susceptible to photoinhibition. The degree of damage to the host was not dependent on either the number or the biomass of parasitic plants per host plant. We suggest that the ability to maintain a high photosynthetic rate, leaf chlorophyll content, or both and the ability to minimize photoinhibition can be developed as indirect assays for improved tolerance to branched broomrape.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Yield of Peanut in Response to Biochar Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujun Wang ◽  
Junlin Zheng ◽  
Yujia Wang ◽  
Qingfeng Yang ◽  
Taotao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Plant Nitrogen

The effect of biochar application on photosynthetic traits and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is not well understood. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in Northwest Liaoning, China to evaluate the effect of biochar application [0, 10, 20, and 40 t ha−1 (B0, B10, B20, and B40)] on leaf gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield of peanut. B10 improved photochemical quenching at flowering and pod set and reduced non-photochemical quenching at pod set, relative to B0. B10 and B20 increased actual photochemical efficiency and decreased regulated energy dissipated at pod set, relative to B0. B10 significantly increased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency at flowering and pod set, relative to B0. Compared with B0, B10 significantly improved peanut yield (14.6 and 13.7%) and kernel yield (20.2 and 14.4%). Biochar application increased leaf nitrogen content. B10 and B20 significantly increased plant nitrogen accumulation, as compared to B0. The net photosynthetic rate of peanut leaves had a linear correlation with plant nitrogen accumulation and peanut yield. The application of 10 t ha−1 biochar produced the highest peanut yield by enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity, and is thus a promising strategy for peanut production in Northwest Liaoning, China.

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