Modular Decomposition of Flow Chart Path Method and its Application

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 2206-2210
Author(s):  
Meng Qi Li ◽  
Dong Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Modular Decomposition ◽  
Dependency Relationship ◽  
Product Function ◽  
Paper Product ◽  
Material Information ◽  
Relationship Of

Modular decomposition is the key to simplify complex system. In this paper product function model is built based on flow chart description of energy, substance/material information. According to dependency relationship of function, function modularization is done respectively with module defining ways of main path method (MPM), branch path method (BPM) and conversion-conduction method (CCM). And modular decomposition of flow chart path method is established, concerned procedures and cautions during the implementing course are defined, and the purpose and effectiveness of modular decomposition of flow chart pass are confirmed through case analysis.

Test for temporal or spatial restrictions in gene product function during the cell division cycle

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1255-1265
Author(s):  
S K Dutcher ◽  
L H Hartwell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cell Division Cycle ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Product Function ◽  
Complete Cell ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gene Product Function

The ability of a functional gene to complement a nonfunctional gene may depend upon the intracellular relationship of the two genes. If so, the function of the gene product in question must be limited in time or in space. CDC (cell division cycle) gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae control discrete steps in cell division; therefore, they constitute reasonable candidates for genes that function with temporal or spatial restrictions. In an attempt to reveal such restrictions, we compared the ability of a CDC gene to complement a temperature-sensitive cdc gene in diploids where the genes are located within the same nucleus to complementation in heterokaryons where the genes are located in different nuclei. In CDC X cdc matings, complementation was monitored in rare heterokaryons by assaying the production of cdc haploid progeny (cytoductants) at the restrictive temperature. The production of cdc cytoductants indicates that the cdc nucleus was able to complete cell division at the restrictive temperature and implies that the CDC gene product was provided by the other nucleus or by cytoplasm in the heterokaryon. Cytoductants from cdc28 or cdc37 crosses were not efficiently produced, suggesting that these two genes are restricted spatially or temporally in their function. We found that of the cdc mutants tested 33 were complemented; cdc cytoductants were recovered at least as frequently as CDC cytoductants. A particularly interesting example was provided by the CDC4 gene. Mutations in CDC4 were found previously to produce a defect in both cell division and karyogamy. Surprisingly, the cell division defect of cdc4 nuclei is complemented by CDC4 nuclei in a heterokaryon, whereas the karyogamy defect is not.

scholarly journals Is Supply Chain a complex system?

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 00018
Author(s):  
Safaa Raaidi ◽  
Imane Bouhaddou ◽  
Asmaa Benghabrit
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Performance ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Material Information ◽  
Ultimate Purpose ◽  
Improve Supply Chain

Nowadays, industries are continually looking to implement new subsidiaries in different continents, in order to better fulfill their customers’ needs, generate the best products in the shortest time and cheaper than their competitors. Achieving these goals is no longer related to the company itself, but to all partners in the supply chain. This justifies the need for efficient and judicious management of the whole supply chain, through the collective intervention of all its actors. Needless to say, a supply chain is a system made up of a set of suppliers, producers, subcontractors, retailers, wholesalers and customers, between whom material, information and financial flows are exchanged. Management of these flows is becoming increasingly difficult and constitutes the main source of the supply chain complexity. In order to alleviate this problem and improve supply chain performance, it is necessary to model it, taking into consideration its characteristics, which make it a complex system. Hence, the scoop of this paper is to prove that supply chain is a complex system, by highlighting its most relevant characteristics that make it such a system. Complex means what is braided together or woven together. If we separate the elements, we get acquaintance elements, but we lose their interactions. Within this trend, our contribution subscribes with its ultimate purpose modelling supply chain as complex system.

scholarly journals A Time Correlation Based Clustering Method for a Design of a Transformable Product

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Jinpu Zhang ◽  
Guozhong Cao ◽  
Qingjin Peng ◽  
Runhua Tan ◽  
Huangao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Time Correlation ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Undirected Graphs ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Product Function ◽  
Functional Components

A single-function product cannot meet various needs of different users when the product user or use environment changes. A transformable product with multiple functions can meet different needs of users. It is critical to determine product functions that a transformable product should have in the product design. However, it is a challenge to decide required functional components of a transformable product in the design process. A clustering method is proposed in this paper using undirected graphs for segmentations of needs in the time dimension. A need-based function model is built to form product function chains based on cost of the function transition distance between different function chains. Undirected graphs of the function chains are constructed according to the similarity of product functions. The interrelated subgraphs are then used to form multiple functions of a transformable product based on segmentations. A wheelchair is developed as an example to verify the proposed method. The method improves the design process of transformable products accurately and effectively.

Design & Measure RUP Development Case Using the Zachman Framework as an Aid

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 3153-3158
Author(s):  
Li Na Fu ◽  
Ke Gang Hao
Keyword(s):  
Process Improvement ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Software Process ◽  
Software Process Improvement ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Dependency Relationship ◽  
Zachman Framework ◽  
Relationship Of

Software process improvement (SPI) using the RUP is a persistent and iterative process which needs suitable methods for tailoring and measuring. The paper provides a method to tailor the RUP using the Zachman framework as an aid. In the method the RUP artifact matrix based on the Zachman framework represents tailoring result of artifacts vs. roles and the fulfilling rules of the artifact matrix represent the dependency relationship of artifacts of each cell. In addition the paper introduces two measurement models for measuring the performance of the development process to assist SPI in an iterative mode.

scholarly journals Data-driven Product Functional Configuration: Patent Data and Hypergraph

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Guang Lin ◽  
Xiao-Dong Liu ◽  
Ren-bin Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Model ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Product Function ◽  
Weight Calculation ◽  
Function Combination ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Product functional configuration (PFC) is a common way for the firm to satisfy individual requirements of the customer and be carried out base on market analysis. This study aims to help firms analyze functions and carry out function configuration by the patent data. This paper proposes a patent data-driven product function configuration method based on a hypergraph network. It constructs a weighted network model to optimize the combination of product function quantity and object from the perspective of big data: (1) The functional knowledge contained in the patent is extracted. (2) The functional hypergraph (FH) is constructed according to the co-occurrence relationship of patent and applicant. (3) The function and patent weight are calculated from the perspective of the patent applicant and patent value. (4) The weight calculation model of PFC is built. (5) The weighted frequent subgraph algorithm is used to obtain the optimal function combination list. This method is applied in the innovative design process of a bathroom shower. The result indicates that this method designed in the study has a positive effect on helping firms detach optimal function candidates and develop a multi-function product.

scholarly journals Test for temporal or spatial restrictions in gene product function during the cell division cycle.

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1255-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Dutcher ◽  
L H Hartwell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cell Division Cycle ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Product Function ◽  
Complete Cell ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gene Product Function

The ability of a functional gene to complement a nonfunctional gene may depend upon the intracellular relationship of the two genes. If so, the function of the gene product in question must be limited in time or in space. CDC (cell division cycle) gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae control discrete steps in cell division; therefore, they constitute reasonable candidates for genes that function with temporal or spatial restrictions. In an attempt to reveal such restrictions, we compared the ability of a CDC gene to complement a temperature-sensitive cdc gene in diploids where the genes are located within the same nucleus to complementation in heterokaryons where the genes are located in different nuclei. In CDC X cdc matings, complementation was monitored in rare heterokaryons by assaying the production of cdc haploid progeny (cytoductants) at the restrictive temperature. The production of cdc cytoductants indicates that the cdc nucleus was able to complete cell division at the restrictive temperature and implies that the CDC gene product was provided by the other nucleus or by cytoplasm in the heterokaryon. Cytoductants from cdc28 or cdc37 crosses were not efficiently produced, suggesting that these two genes are restricted spatially or temporally in their function. We found that of the cdc mutants tested 33 were complemented; cdc cytoductants were recovered at least as frequently as CDC cytoductants. A particularly interesting example was provided by the CDC4 gene. Mutations in CDC4 were found previously to produce a defect in both cell division and karyogamy. Surprisingly, the cell division defect of cdc4 nuclei is complemented by CDC4 nuclei in a heterokaryon, whereas the karyogamy defect is not.

scholarly journals Green Credit, Debt Maturity, and Corporate Investment—Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enxian Wang ◽  
Xinghe Liu ◽  
Jiapeng Wu ◽  
Danting Cai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Debt Maturity ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Dependency Relationship ◽  
Maturity Structure ◽  
Relationship Of

Against the backdrop of working hard to build a beautiful country, this paper uses the promulgation of the “Green Credit Guidelines” policy in China as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on a difference-in-differences (DID) model, the results show that, since the promulgation of the Green Credit Guidelines policy, financial institutions have significantly reduced the proportion of long-term debt to heavily polluting enterprises for reasons such as risk aversion and total credit constraints. Due to capital constraints and the restrictive terms of credit approval, the Green Credit Guidelines policy reduces the investment scale and overinvestment of heavily polluting enterprises. The dependency relationship of the debt maturity structure of heavily polluting enterprises with the investment scale and investment efficiency has been reduced. Furthermore, the negative net effect of the Green Credit Guidelines policy on long-term debt is more pronounced in heavily polluting enterprises that lack political connections. However, the promulgation of this policy inhibits the investment scale and the investment efficiency of heavily polluting enterprises (with or without political connections). To a certain extent, these results confirm the “supportive hand” perspective towards political connections. The results of this research could help relevant government departments to understand the microeconomic consequences of the Green Credit Guidelines policy and could help improve and perfect China’s green credit policy.

Trait-Environment Relationship of Aquatic Vegetation in a Tropical Pond Complex System

Wetlands ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-310
Author(s):  
Milena Delatorre ◽  
Nicolay Leme da Cunha ◽  
Rozângela Batista Rodrigues ◽  
Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Júnior ◽  
Vanda Lúcia Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Tropical Pond ◽  
Relationship Of

Larval dorsal shield morphology is highly correlated with gall type in the enigmatic gall-forming fly, Fergusonina Malloch (Diptera : Fergusoninidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela F. Purcell ◽  
Thomas C. Wallenius ◽  
David K. Yeates ◽  
David M. Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
Dorsal Shield ◽  
Phylogenetic Distribution ◽  
System A ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oviposition Sites

The gall-forming fly family Fergusoninidae, in association with a mutualist nematode, induces galls on Myrtaceae. Traditionally, each fly species has been thought to be host-specific and targets a particular site on its host plant. One host species may be host to as many as four fly species, each with different oviposition sites, giving rise to a range of gall types. Third-instar fly larvae possess a distinctive sclerotised ‘dorsal shield’ of unknown function that varies morphologically across the genus. We use a phylogenetic approach to examine the relationship of the dorsal shield morphology to other elements of this complex system. A phylogeny of 41 species, estimated using Bayesian analysis of mtCOI sequences, indicated a strong correlation between dorsal shield morphology and the gall type associated with the larva. We discuss possible functions of the dorsal shield, and other factors that may have led to their phylogenetic distribution. In addition, we have identified cases where fly species have formed galls on more than one host species. In some instances it is possible that these associations are an opportunistic response to artificial tree plantings.

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