Effects of Catalysts on Pyrolysis of Chlorella

Sodium compounds, Na2CO3，Na2SO4，NaCl, have been investigated with regard to their catalytic effects on chlorella pyrolysis by thermal analysis experiments. The influence of catalyst categories and dosage on chlorella pyrolysis were studied by the comparison and analysis of the TG（thermogravimetry）and DTG(derivative thermogravimetry) curves derived from tests of differential thermal balance of untreated chlorelal and chlorella mixed with three inorganic compounds of certain scale.The results show that the catalytic effect of the sodium compounds follow Na2CO3>Na2SO4>NaCl, Catalysts of Na2SO4，NaCl decreased the maximum weight loss rates while Na2CO3 increased them. And all the three additives lowered the pyrolysis temperature of chlorella，of which Na2CO3 made the highest conversion of chlorella pyrolysis. As the dosage of carbonate increased, the pyrolysis temperatures decreases and the maximum weight loss rate increases, but the conversion rate of chlorella pyrolysis decreases, considering these two factors, 5%wt is chosen as the optimal dosage of the catalysts.

Download Full-text

Hot Air Ignition Characteristics of Cotton and Corn Straw Pellet Based on TG-DTG

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.164 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 672-674 ◽

pp. 164-167

Author(s):

Yong Zhang Cui ◽

Yun Xia Qu ◽

Ming Tian Tang ◽

Peng Gao ◽

Guo Kai Zhang

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Low Flow ◽

Maximum Weight ◽

Weight Loss Rate ◽

Hot Air ◽

Ignition Characteristics ◽

Maximum Weight Loss

In this paper, using TG-DTG and single pellets hot air ignition experiment to study the hot air ignition characteristics of biomass forming granule, analyzes the hot air temperature, velocity, flow rate of its influence on ignition performance. It was found that the weight loss rate of surface material significantly higher than the center materials of the pellet at different heating rates through the experiment, and lignin pyrolysis accelerated leading to substantially coincide of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis, With the increase of air temperature, maximum weight loss rate increased, the pellet heating rate accelerated, sped up the pellet ignition, the ignition temperature should be above 500°C. As the increase of gas flow, the weight loss of corn stalks is reduced after increased first, little change in the final weight loss. Weight loss rate is decreased first and then increased. The maximum weight loss rate is essentially the same at low flow, but the maximum weight loss rate reduced and the time extension after more than 50ml/min.

Download Full-text

Effect of Pressure on the Length of Cavity and Cavitation Damage Behind Circular Cylinders in a Venturi

Journal of Fluids Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.3446984 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 197-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. V. Chandrasekhara ◽

B. C. Syamala Rao

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Pressure Range ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Circular Cylinders ◽

Maximum Weight ◽

Weight Loss Rate ◽

Cavitation Damage ◽

Effect Of Pressure ◽

Damage Data ◽

Maximum Weight Loss

The effect of pressure on the length of cavity and cavitation damage is investigated with a venturi for cavities in water behind circular cylinders. The pressure range covered is 2.45 kgm/cm2 to 5.50 kgm/cm2 gage. Damage data are obtained for two sizes of cavitation sources of diameters 1.90 cm and 2.22 cm. Damage increased to a peak and decreased further with decrease in pressure. The studies on the length of cavity were extended to eight source diameters ranging from 0.95 cm to 3.18 cm. The increase in the length of cavity was slow up to about the length equal to 3 to 4 diameters and was rapid thereafter with decrease in pressure. The influence of test section boundaries on the phenomenon was investigated by observing the incipient, desinent, and choke cavitation conditions for fourteen blockage ratios ranging from 0.09 to 0.50. The boundary effects were less significant for blockage ratios less than 0.30. Attempts for unified correlations of the observed data by using weight loss at the beginning of steady-state zone corresponding to a maximum weight-loss rate in correlating the normalized volume of erosion with the normalized cavitation parameter, indicated peak damage at the same value of the normalized cavitation parameter.

Download Full-text

Thermogravimetric Analysis on the Combustion Characteristics of the Blend of Organic Waste Liquid and Coal

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.23 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 316-317 ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

Han Fu ◽

Shu Zhong Wang ◽

Ming Luo

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Combustion Characteristic ◽

Maximum Weight ◽

Temperature Zone ◽

Weight Loss Rate ◽

Ignition Characteristic ◽

Maximum Weight Loss

The characteristics of ignition and combustion and activation energy of YiMin coal and organic waste liquid and their blends in different blending ratio are studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The experimental results show that ignition and burning characteristics of coal are better than organic waste liquid. The ignition temperature of organic waste liquid will decrease, while the maximum weight loss rate will increase and the time corresponded to maximum weight loss rate will get earlier with the increase amount of the coal added. Activation energy of samples is calculated. Compared with the coal, the activation energy of the low temperature zone of organic waste liquid is lower and its ignition characteristic is better. The activation energy of the high temperature zone is bigger and its combustion characteristic is worse. The coal added will reduce the ignition characteristic but promote the combustion characteristic of organic waste liquid. The analysis of the combustion index S indicates that the comprehensive combustion characteristic of the organic waste improves significantly when coal is blended, and the best blending ratio is 2:3.

Download Full-text

Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Biomass Charcoal in Air and O2/CO2 Atmosphere

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.338 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 724-725 ◽

pp. 338-342

Author(s):

Yong Jia Wang ◽

Kui Hua Han ◽

Hui Li ◽

Jian Li Zhao

Keyword(s):

Loss Rate ◽

Combustion Characteristics ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Temperature Peak ◽

Maximum Weight ◽

Flow Tube ◽

Weight Loss Rate ◽

Air Atmosphere ◽

Better Than ◽

Maximum Weight Loss

The effect of temperature on the charcoal yield of cornstalk carbonization was investigated in a flow tube furnace. Thermogravimetic analysis was used to study the combustion characteristics of cornstalk and charcoal in air and O2/CO2atmosphere respectively. Characteristics parameters were calculated and analyzed, including ignition temperature, peak temperature, maximum weight loss rate, burnout temperature, average burning rate and burning characteristics index. Results show that the charcoal yield of carbonization decreases with rising temperature. The combustion characteristics of cornstalk in air atmosphere are better than that in O2/CO2atmosphere. However, the combustion characteristics of charcoal are better in O2/CO2atmosphere.

Download Full-text

Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Microstructure and Thermal Property of Phenolic/Graphite Composite

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/6329651 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

The Huu Nguyen ◽

Minh Thanh Vu ◽

Van Thu Le ◽

Tuan Anh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Thermal Property ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Graphite Powder ◽

Weight Loss Rate ◽

Graphite Composite ◽

Graphite Composites ◽

Maximum Weight Loss

In this work, composites based on phenolic resin (P), graphite powder (G), carbon fibers (CFs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by using hot compression molding. The effect of CNTs on the microstructure and thermal property of these composites was investigated. FESEM analysis indicated that the surface structure of phenolic/graphite composites became more dense and homogeneous with the presence of CNTs. The carbonization behavior of composites was characterized by using thermal gravimetric analyses (TGAs). TGA data showed that the presence of CNTs in phenolic/graphite composites enhanced their thermal stability, by increasing the temperature of maximum weight loss rate (Tm) during pyrolysis and decreasing the weight loss after pyrolysis. In addition, incorporation of CNTs into phenolic/graphite composites reduced significantly their open porosity.

Download Full-text

Study on Relationship between BPA Migration and Thermal-Oxidative Aging Degree of Polycarbonate

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1590 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 690-693 ◽

pp. 1590-1593 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong Xian Zhao ◽

Le Zhao ◽

Yang Yang Zhao ◽

Jian Guo Gao ◽

Zuo Liang Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Weight Loss Rate ◽

Initial Weight Loss ◽

Oxidative Aging ◽

Hydroxyl Absorption ◽

Thermal Oxidative Aging ◽

Maximum Absorption Wavelength ◽

Maximum Weight Loss

The present work was concerned with the study on relationship between the migration level of BPA and thermal-oxidative aging degree of PC used as food and packaging materials. It was indicated that with the increasing of thermal-oxidative aging time, the migration level of BPA increased. The migration level was far beyond the GB/T5009.99-2003 (China). Variation of phenolic hydroxyl absorption intensity in IR spectra and the maximum absorption wavelength red shift of benzene in UV-Vis spectra indicated the same law; Initial weight loss temperature and maximum weight loss rate temperature of PC after thermal-oxidative aging were reduced by 1-2°C and 3-5°C respectively, and the thermal stability declined

Download Full-text

Synthesis and properties of a benzoxazine monomer containing maleimide and biphenyl groups

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008321996745 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095400832199674

Author(s):

Tao Guo ◽

Yang Fan ◽

Chang Bo ◽

Zhang Qi ◽

Han Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Significant Weight Loss ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Weight Loss Rate ◽

Reaction Heat ◽

H Nmr ◽

Curing Reaction ◽

Dsc Curves

Benzoxazine resin exhibits excellent properties and is widely used in many fields. Herein, the synthesis of a novel compound, the bis(2,4-dihydro-2 H-3-(4- N-maleimido)phenyl-1,3-benzoxazinyl)biphenyl (BMIPBB), has been reported, which was synthesized by reacting N-(4-aminophenyl)maleimide (APMI), formaldehyde, and 4,4’-dihydroxybiphenyl. 1,3,5-three(4-(maleimido)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TMIPT) was formed as an intermediate during the reaction. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy experiments were conducted to determine the structure of BMIPBB. BMIPBB was obtained as a reddish-brown solid in 40.1% yield. The thermal properties of BMIPBB were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Analysis of the DSC curves revealed that the broad peak representing the release of curing reaction heat appeared in the temperature range of 140–330°C. The peak temperature was 242.59°C and the heat of the reaction was 393.82 J/g, indicating that the rate of the curing reaction was low and the heat of the reaction was high. Analysis of the TGA results revealed that the weight loss rate was 5% at 110°C. The monomer exhibited a significant weight loss in the range of 320–500°C. The compound lost 50% of its weight at a temperature of 427°C.

Download Full-text

Thermal Analysis of Plastic Contained Decorative Materials under Different Oxygen Concentration

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2786 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 550-553 ◽

pp. 2786-2790

Author(s):

Zhen Zhao ◽

Feng Liu ◽

Qiang Zhang ◽

Lei Wang

Keyword(s):

Thermal Analysis ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Oxygen Concentration ◽

Integral Method ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Order Reaction ◽

Maximum Weight ◽

Ignition Point ◽

First Order ◽

Maximum Weight Loss

The combustion characteristics of decorative materials were studied by thermal analysis. The experiments were performed in three kind of oxygen concentration (7%, 14%, 21%), the heating rate were 15°C/min and 30°C/min respectively. The ignition point and maximum weight loss rated were analyzed. Based on the Coats-Redfern integral method, the results show that the combustion process were first order reaction.

Download Full-text

Thermogravimetric analysis of empty fruit bunch

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201822502002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 225 ◽

pp. 02002 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Girma T. Chala ◽

Ying P. Lim ◽

Shaharin A. Sulaiman ◽

Chin L. Liew

Keyword(s):

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Heat Flow ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Thermal Reaction ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Weight Loss Rate ◽

Minimum Heat ◽

Maximum Weight Loss

This paper presents the characteristics of empty fruit bunch (EFB) using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and shows its potential as a renewable energy sources. A set of data were collected from the thermal reaction and plotted in mass or percentage of the initial mass against either temperature or time, respectively. In the thermogravimetric analysis, mass, temperature and time were considered as base measurements and important data for derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curve were analysed while many additional measures could be derived from these three base measurements. It was observed that heating rate of 8.5°C/min and air flow rate of 85mL/min provided a maximum weight loss rate of 0.209%/°C at the temperature of 313.5°C and the derivative weight peak of -0.1895mg/°C at 292°C. The time taken to reach the maximum temperature of 899.9°C was 46.74 minutes, and ΔT endo-up reflected minimum point of -0.2°C at 15.82 minutes and maximum ΔT endo-up of 888°C at 42 minutes. Heat flow endo-up also showed that the minimum heat flow was 15.39mW at 15.85 minutes and reaching the peak heat flow endo-up of 47.73mW at 43.27 minutes.

Download Full-text