Soil Bioengineering - A New Technique to Generate Riverbank Restoration

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1795-1799
Author(s):  
Lan Gu ◽  
Jia Rong Gao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Bin Tian Qian ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Soil Bioengineering ◽  
Site Restoration ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Riverbank Restoration ◽  
River Banks

Soil bioengineering is a kind of engineering by using living plant materials to construct the structures with some engineering and ecological functions, which can provide an effective means for the slope stabilization and site restoration of river banks. Experimental site in Liuli River proves that Salix cheilophila Schneid and Salix alba var. tristis are good materials to obtain near-natural riverbank restoration. Soil bioengineering measures of live staking, live fascines and brush layers are effective. After periods time of project implementation, significant effectiveness was obtained on slope stability, habitat improvement, and ecological restoration of river banks. This can provide guidelines for selecting materials and methods to control riverbank erosion. It was concluded that the approach could be widely applied in ecological riverbank restoration in China.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly dyeing of wool and pashmina fabric using Quercus robur L. (fruit cups) dye and Salix alba L. (wood extract) mordant

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Maqbool Geelani ◽  
Shoukat Ara ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Mishra ◽  
S.J.A. Bhat ◽  
Syed Hanifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Colour Strength ◽  
Wood Extract ◽  
Natural Mordant ◽  
Colour Coordinates ◽  
Percent Absorption

Study was conducted to investigate the dyeing potential of Quercus robur L. (fruit cups) dye and Salix alba L. (wood extract) mordant on wool and pashmina fabrics. The experiment was conducted keeping in view the environmental safety by using unutilized plant materials and excluding the usage of chemical agents. The dyeing was carried out individually including and excluding mordant adopting different mordanting methods. The parameters like percent absorption, colour coordinates, colour strength (K/S), relative colour strength and colour fastness with regard to washing, light and rubbing were investigated. The results revealed higher percent absorption of mordanted samples than unmordanted samples. Colour coordinates (L*a*b*, Chroma, hue and ΔE) of dyed wool and pashmina fabric exhibited satisfactory results. The colour strength (K/S) and relative colour strength of pashmina fabric recorded higher than wool fabric. The fastness properties to washing, light and rubbing showed satisfactory grades including and excluding natural mordant. However, the grades of mordanted samples were found better than unmordanted samples. The dye and mordant in isolation and in combination showed beautiful colours and shades on selected fabrics with satisfactory retention properties, hence can be utilized commercially for coloration of wool and pashmina fabrics.

Use of molecular probes to detect human cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1581-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Spector ◽  
K Hsia ◽  
F Denaro ◽  
D H Spector
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
A New Technique

Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause severe disease. The identification of these viruses in clinical specimens and understanding the progression of infection and diseases relating to HCMV and HIV are essential to develop effective means for treatment and prevention. Here we describe the application of molecular probes to the diagnosis and pathogenesis of HCMV and HIV. In situ hybridization and the amplification procedure of polymerase chain reaction are used to detect both viruses; these techniques have provided important information regarding the pathogenesis of HCMV and HIV. A new technique, target cycling, may also prove useful for the detection of viruses by enriching for target sequences. The continued application of molecular probes to pathogenetic studies of HCMV and HIV promises to further our knowledge of these viruses, and of their interaction.

scholarly journals Morphological responses of seedlings of four species of Salicaceae to drought

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1988-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Van Splunder ◽  
L. A. C. J. Voesenek ◽  
X. J. A. De Vries ◽  
C. W. P. M. Blom ◽  
H. Coops
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
River Banks

The riparian distribution patterns of floodplain species are affected by fluctuations in water level. Rapidly declining water levels in river banks during the growing period of plants can result in limited availability of water, particularly on coarse substrates. Differences in drought resistance among Salix alba, Salix triandra, Salix viminalis, and Populus nigra, four species dominating river banks along the River Rhine, could explain part of the riparian distribution patterns. Mortality and growth responses of seedlings grown under well-watered and dry conditions were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Drought-induced mortality was 0% in S. alba and P. nigra, 37.5% in S. triandra, and 62.5% in S. viminalis, which correlated with differences in water-loss characteristics of the species studied: S. triandra and S. viminalis had much higher transpiration rates under well-watered conditions than S. alba and P. nigra. Decreased shoot to root ratios were observed in all species after 3 weeks of drought. The increase after drought of the root length to leaf area ratio was greatest for P. nigra, indicating that this species has a relatively efficient water economy. Specific leaf areas of draughted plants decreased in S. alba and P. nigra, reflecting smaller transpiration areas. Drought also affected root distributions, resulting for all four species in deeper rooting and increased root length in deeper soil layers. Salix viminalis and S. triandra showed the greatest increase in root length in deep soil layers. We concluded that P. nigra is most resistant to drought followed by S. alba and then S. triandra and S. viminalis, and that these differences are reflected in the distribution patterns of these species observed on the banks of the River Rhine. Keywords: drought resistance, Salix, Populus, root distribution, transpiration, leaf conductance.

Preservation of the superior petrosal sinus during the petrosal approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 1294-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hafez ◽  
Remi Nader ◽  
Ossama Al-Mefty
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Venous Anatomy ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Petroclival Meningioma ◽  
Trigeminal Schwannoma ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Superior Petrosal Sinus ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Good Access

Object The petrosal approach is based on sectioning the superior petrosal sinus (SPS) and the tentorium. However, the venous anatomy in certain situations forbids this maneuver. The authors have derived a technique that enables the SPS to be spared during the performance of the petrosal approach. They describe the anatomical basis of this technique and report on 2 cases in which the technique was applied. Methods Five alcohol-preserved cadaveric heads injected with colored silicone were used for bilateral dissection and demonstration of the technique. The described method was thoroughly investigated in these cadavers to assess its advantages, variabilities, and limitations. Subsequently, the technique was applied during the resection of petroclival tumors in 2 patients. Results The authors were able to demonstrate that the approach provides good access to the petroclival area through both the middle and posterior fossa in cadavers. By deriving a new technique of applying the combined petrosal approach without cutting the SPS, the senior author (O.A.M.) managed to achieve total resection of a dumbbell-shaped trigeminal schwannoma in a 19-year-old woman and of a petroclival meningioma in a 49-year-old man. Conclusions This modification of the petrosal approach involving sparing of the SPS or cutting of the tentorium is an effective means for cases in which the venous anatomy mandates preservation of these structures.

scholarly journals 3D-analysis of plant microstructures: advantages and limitations of synchrotron X-ray microtomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Matsushima ◽  
W. Graf ◽  
S. Zabler ◽  
I. Manke ◽  
M. Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Conventional Light Microscopy

Abstract Synchrotron X-ray computer microtomography was used to analyze the microstructure of rose peduncles. Samples from three rose cultivars, differing in anatomy, were scanned to study the relation between tissue structure and peduncles mechanical strength. Additionally, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and conventional light microscopy was applied to quantify possible irradiation-induced damage to plant physiology and tissue structure. The spatial resolution of synchrotron X-ray computer microtomography was sufficiently high to investigate the complex tissues of intact rose peduncles without the necessity of any preparation. However, synchrotron X-radiation induces two different types of damage on irradiated tissues. First, within a few hours after first X-ray exposure, there is a direct physical destruction of cell walls. In addition, a slow and delayed destruction of chlorophyll and, consequently, of photosynthetic activity occurred within hours/ days after the exposure. The results indicate that synchrotron X-ray computer microtomography is well suited for three-dimensional visualization of the microstructure of rose peduncles. However, in its current technique, synchrotron X-ray computer microtomography is not really non-destructive but induce tissue damage. Hence, this technique needs further optimization before it can be applied for time-series investigations of living plant materials

Living Plant Materials in Prairie Soils

Ecology ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-264
Author(s):  
A. E. Aldous
Keyword(s):  
Plant Materials ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Prairie Soils

An Ultrastructural Study of Chronic Pyelonephritis in Macaca Arctoides

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
T.W. Smith ◽  
J.A. Roberts ◽  
B.J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Macaca Arctoides ◽  
Left Ureter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sizeable Number

Chronic pyelonephritis is one of the most common diseases of the kidney and accounts for a sizeable number of cases of renal insufficiency in man, however its pathogenesis requires further elucidation. Transmission electron microscopy may serve as a uniquely effective means of observing details of the nature of this disease. The present paper describes preliminary results of an ultrastructural study of chronic pyelonephritis in Macaca arctoides (stumptail monkey).The infection was induced in these experiments in a retrograde fashion by means of a unilateral catheterization of the left ureter whereby an innoculum of 10 cc of broth containing approximately 2 billion E. coli per cc and radio-opaque dye were injected under pressure (mimicing vesico-ureteric reflux).

Novel magneto-optical recording materials: Bi-substituted garnet films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 776-777
Author(s):  
Takao Suzuki ◽  
Hossein Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Amorphous Film ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Garnet Film ◽  
Media Noise ◽  
Garnet Films ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
A Current

For future high density magneto-optical recording materials, a Bi-substituted garnet film ((BiDy)3(FeGa)5O12) is an attractive candidate since it has strong magneto-optic effect at short wavelengths less than 600 nm. The signal in read back performance at 500 nm using a garnet film can be an order of magnitude higher than a current rare earth-transition metal amorphous film. However, the granularity and surface roughness of such crystalline garnet films are the key to control for minimizing media noise.We have demonstrated a new technique to fabricate a garnet film which has much smaller grain size and smoother surfaces than those annealed in a conventional oven. This method employs a high ramp-up rate annealing (Γ = 50 ~ 100 C/s) in nitrogen atmosphere. Fig.1 shows a typical microstruture of a Bi-susbtituted garnet film deposited by r.f. sputtering and then subsequently crystallized by a rapid thermal annealing technique at Γ = 50 C/s at 650 °C for 2 min. The structure is a single phase of garnet, and a grain size is about 300A.

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