Study on Methanol Synthesis with the Analog Components of Bluecoke Furnace Gas by Rich Oxygen Carbonization

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1972-1975
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Wan Jiang Luo ◽  
Xin Zhe Lan ◽  
Xi Cheng Zhao ◽  
...  

According to the components of bluecoke furnace gas by rich oxygen carbonization, the methane conversion and methanol synthesis processes with simulation mix gas were separately researched using the self-made catalysts. The results show that the conversion rate of methane could achieve about 95% under the conditions of temperature of 800°C, space velocity of 9000h-1 and the ratio of water to hydrocarbon of about 3.0 with self-made Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. For synthesis of methanol with self-made CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst in fixed reactor from the reformed gas, the space time yield and selectivity of coarse methanol respectively reached 1.5451g•g-1•h-1 and 99.6143% under the conditions of temperature of 240°C, pressure of 5.5MPa and space velocity of 12000h-1.

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Xin Zhe Lan ◽  
Wan Jiang Luo ◽  
Yong Hui Song ◽  
Qiu Li Zhang ◽  
...  

The property of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts for methanol synthesis was investigated by means of XRD, H2-TPR and DTG. The results show that the thermal activity of the self-made CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst is better than the commercial catalyst C302 and displayed stable property after 180h application. The catalyst calcinated revealed strong interaction between CuO and ZnO, and the dispersion of CuO crystal particular was uniform. There was a small amount of carbon deposition on the surface of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst after synthesis reaction. For synthesis of methanol with self-made catalyst in fixed reactor from the analog components of reformed bluecoke furnace gas, the space time yield and selectivity of coarse methanol respectively reached 1.5451 g·g-1·h-1 and 99.6143% under the conditions of temperature of 240°C, pressure of 5.5MPa and space velocity of 12000h-1.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
G. B. Narochnyi ◽  
A. P. Savost'yanov ◽  
I. N. Zubkov ◽  
A. V. Dulnev ◽  
R. E. Yakovenko

The possibility to use the zinc-copper catalyst NIAP-06-06 for steam conversion of CO in the synthesis of methanol was explored. The catalyst was characterized by means of TPR H2, XRD and SEM methods and tested in the methanol synthesis in flow and circulation modes at a pressure of 5.0 MPa and gas hourly space velocity of 3000 h–1 over a temperature range of 220–260 °С. The catalyst was shown to be highly active and selective toward the methanol synthesis from a gas with the H2 /СО ratio 3.9, which is obtained by steam conversion of methane. The use of tubular catalytic reactors connected in series in the flow-circulation mode makes it possible to convert more than 70 % of CO and obtain crude methanol with the concentration of 95 %. In the circulation mode, a methanol output of 427.7 kg/(m3 cat·h) was achieved on the catalyst.


1953 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1644-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinjiro Kodama ◽  
Kenichi Fukui ◽  
Akira Mazume

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Langxing Liao ◽  
Yonghui Zhang ◽  
Yali Wang ◽  
Yousi Fu ◽  
Aihui Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Biosynthesis of l-tert-leucine (l-tle), a significant pharmaceutical intermediate, by a cofactor regeneration system friendly and efficiently is a worthful goal all the time. The cofactor regeneration system of leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) has showed great coupling catalytic efficiency in the synthesis of l-tle, however the multi-enzyme complex of GDH and LeuDH has never been constructed successfully. Results In this work, a novel fusion enzyme (GDH–R3–LeuDH) for the efficient biosynthesis of l-tle was constructed by the fusion of LeuDH and GDH mediated with a rigid peptide linker. Compared with the free enzymes, both the environmental tolerance and thermal stability of GDH–R3–LeuDH had a great improved since the fusion structure. The fusion structure also accelerated the cofactor regeneration rate and maintained the enzyme activity, so the productivity and yield of l-tle by GDH–R3–LeuDH was all enhanced by twofold. Finally, the space–time yield of l-tle catalyzing by GDH–R3–LeuDH whole cells could achieve 2136 g/L/day in a 200 mL scale system under the optimal catalysis conditions (pH 9.0, 30 °C, 0.4 mM of NAD+ and 500 mM of a substrate including trimethylpyruvic acid and glucose). Conclusions It is the first report about the fusion of GDH and LeuDH as the multi-enzyme complex to synthesize l-tle and reach the highest space–time yield up to now. These results demonstrated the great potential of the GDH–R3–LeuDH fusion enzyme for the efficient biosynthesis of l-tle.


Author(s):  
Lejian Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Zhu ◽  
Xinping Wang ◽  
Chuan Shi

Anatase-free titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) zeolite with high framework titanium content is highly required for catalysing selective oxidation reactions, while its synthesis generally suffers from cost, efficiency and environmental issues. Herein,...


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Meriama Hansali Mebarki

The reinforcement sensitivity theory lacks basic sources of any human experience :time, place, and learning contexts that have shaped the reinforcement; therefore I have assumed a missing link in Gray's framework based on special relativity relying on the «what, where, and when of happenning»? as major resources of human conscious experience, which under punishment or reward exceed the sensitivity to pleasant or unpleasant stimuli transcending therefore the Weber law, that's why I called it: Psychological Space-Time Reinforcement Sensitivity “PSTRS” axis. The lasts explains BAS and BIS systems sensitivity to reinforcement across the cognitive space-time continuum of episodic memory, and not only across the two great dimensions of fear/anxiety and defensive distance of the McNaughton & Corr model of 2004. So, based on the disruption of the high-sensitivity information processing system in the brain, the four-dimensional conscious experience is distorted by its underlying sources and context. Thus, one of the timedominating records prevents the individual from overcoming the present., such in depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (psychological sensitivity to the past). These temporal records clearly lose their sequence and associative nature in dissociative symptoms due to the disruption of the most important milestone on which Einstein's physics was based. Consequently, psychological space-time reinforcement sensitivity supposes that psychological disorders can be interpreted according to the laws of special relativity (acceleration / deceleration), but this seems more complicated when it comes to mental disorders where the self is disturbed on its spatio-temporal axis as observed in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia looks like a three-componements disorder characterized by a disruption of the experience of time, place and self, which could be asummed up as a “self space-time disturbance". Notably schizophrenic patients appear losing the ability to gather in a dynamic way these componements, as if the world seemed missig the gestalt characteristic or fragmented. The past felt like an inevitable destiny inhibits the direction towards the future; sometimes disorient the self to the point of feeling lost, as if the psychological time slows down to the point of feeling separated from the « now » the physical time. So are we dealing with an Euclidian space? The article attempts to provide a non-traditional interpretation of mental disorders by including general relativity in psychological studies, based on the neurobiological bases involved in the spatio-temporal processing of the conscious experience in the quantum brain.


Author(s):  
Mahdi Mollamahdi ◽  
Seyed Abdolmehdi Hashemi

The effects of porous and solid bluff bodies in the combustion chamber on flame stability limits, gas and solid temperature distributions, pressure drop, methane conversion rate, and CO and NO emissions are examined numerically. The porous and solid bluff bodies are made of SiC with the inner diameter of 50 mm, the outer diameter of 90 mm, and the length of 22 mm. In this study, Renormalization Group k–ε is used for modeling of turbulence. Eddy dissipation concept is selected for modeling of the interaction between turbulence and chemistry. A reduced mechanism based on GRI 3.0 consisting of 16 species and 41 reactions is employed to model methane combustion. The results indicate that the upper flame stability limit can be diminished by adding porous bluff body in the combustion chamber instead of the solid bluff body. Besides, the pressure drop, CO and NO emissions in the combustion chamber with solid bluff body are higher than those of porous bluff body, while the methane conversion rate increases by replacing porous bluff body instead of solid bluff body in the combustion chamber.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1843
Author(s):  
Sebastian Beblawy ◽  
Laura-Alina Philipp ◽  
Johannes Gescher

Anode-assisted fermentations offer the benefit of an anoxic fermentation routine that can be applied to produce end-products with an oxidation state independent from the substrate. The whole cell biocatalyst transfers the surplus of electrons to an electrode that can be used as a non-depletable electron acceptor. So far, anode-assisted fermentations were shown to provide high carbon efficiencies but low space-time yields. This study aimed at increasing space-time yields of an Escherichia coli-based anode-assisted fermentation of glucose to acetoin. The experiments build on an obligate respiratory strain, that was advanced using selective adaptation and targeted strain development. Several transfers under respiratory conditions led to point mutations in the pfl, aceF and rpoC gene. These mutations increased anoxic growth by three-fold. Furthermore, overexpression of genes encoding a synthetic electron transport chain to methylene blue increased the electron transfer rate by 2.45-fold. Overall, these measures and a medium optimization increased the space-time yield in an electrode-assisted fermentation by 3.6-fold.


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