Characterization of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Xin Zhe Lan ◽  
Wan Jiang Luo ◽  
Yong Hui Song ◽  
Qiu Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Thermal Activity ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Space Time Yield ◽  
Synthesis Of Methanol ◽  
Better Than

The property of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts for methanol synthesis was investigated by means of XRD, H2-TPR and DTG. The results show that the thermal activity of the self-made CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst is better than the commercial catalyst C302 and displayed stable property after 180h application. The catalyst calcinated revealed strong interaction between CuO and ZnO, and the dispersion of CuO crystal particular was uniform. There was a small amount of carbon deposition on the surface of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst after synthesis reaction. For synthesis of methanol with self-made catalyst in fixed reactor from the analog components of reformed bluecoke furnace gas, the space time yield and selectivity of coarse methanol respectively reached 1.5451 g·g-1·h-1 and 99.6143% under the conditions of temperature of 240°C, pressure of 5.5MPa and space velocity of 12000h-1.

Study on Methanol Synthesis with the Analog Components of Bluecoke Furnace Gas by Rich Oxygen Carbonization

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1972-1975
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Wan Jiang Luo ◽  
Xin Zhe Lan ◽  
Xi Cheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Methane Conversion ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Self ◽  
Space Time Yield ◽  
Synthesis Of Methanol

According to the components of bluecoke furnace gas by rich oxygen carbonization, the methane conversion and methanol synthesis processes with simulation mix gas were separately researched using the self-made catalysts. The results show that the conversion rate of methane could achieve about 95% under the conditions of temperature of 800°C, space velocity of 9000h-1 and the ratio of water to hydrocarbon of about 3.0 with self-made Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. For synthesis of methanol with self-made CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst in fixed reactor from the reformed gas, the space time yield and selectivity of coarse methanol respectively reached 1.5451g•g-1•h-1 and 99.6143% under the conditions of temperature of 240°C, pressure of 5.5MPa and space velocity of 12000h-1.

Preparation and Characterization of Degradable Poly(silyl ester) and the Self-Crosslinking Reaction of Poly(silyl ester) without Solvent

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 862-866
Author(s):  
De Jie Zhou ◽  
Nian Feng Han ◽  
Xin De Tang
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Viscous Liquids ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Silyl Ester ◽  
Linear Poly ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Better Than

The new poly(silyl ester) has been prepared by the polycondensation reaction of 1,5-dichloro-1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3,3-diphenyl-trisi1oxane with di-tert-butyl fumarate by the elimination of tert-butyl chloride as a driving force. To investigate the self-crosslinking reaction of the unsaturated poly(silyl ester), poly(1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3,3-diphenyltrisiloxane) was self- crosslinked in the presence of 2, 2'-azobis(isobutyronitri1e) (AIBN) as a radical initiator without solvent. After the self-crosslinking, the unsaturated poly(silyl ester), which was viscous liquids, turned into solid product. The characterization of the poly(silyl ester) and the self-crosslinked product included 1H-NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Comparisons were made between the linear poly(silyl ester) and the self-crosslinked products. It was found that after crosslinking, the important resonance signal for ethenylene (C=C) of the poly(silyl ester) reduced, which show that the crosslinking reaction is carried out. The self-crosslinked product exist the structures of linear isomer and four-membered ring isomer. The glass-transition temperatures of the self-crosslinked poly(silyl ester) was higher than that of the uncrosslinked poly(silyl ester), and the thermal stability of the self-crosslinked poly(silyl ester) was better than that of uncrosslinked poly(silyl ester).

Investigation of the Zinc-Copper Catalyst NIAP-06-06 for Steam Conversion of Carbon Monoxide in the Synthesis of Methanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
G. B. Narochnyi ◽  
A. P. Savost'yanov ◽  
I. N. Zubkov ◽  
A. V. Dulnev ◽  
R. E. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Copper Catalyst ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Steam Conversion ◽  
Catalytic Reactors ◽  
Circulation Mode ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
In Series ◽  
Flow Circulation ◽  
Synthesis Of Methanol

The possibility to use the zinc-copper catalyst NIAP-06-06 for steam conversion of CO in the synthesis of methanol was explored. The catalyst was characterized by means of TPR H2, XRD and SEM methods and tested in the methanol synthesis in flow and circulation modes at a pressure of 5.0 MPa and gas hourly space velocity of 3000 h–1 over a temperature range of 220–260 °С. The catalyst was shown to be highly active and selective toward the methanol synthesis from a gas with the H2 /СО ratio 3.9, which is obtained by steam conversion of methane. The use of tubular catalytic reactors connected in series in the flow-circulation mode makes it possible to convert more than 70 % of CO and obtain crude methanol with the concentration of 95 %. In the circulation mode, a methanol output of 427.7 kg/(m3 cat·h) was achieved on the catalyst.

Self-Crosslinking and Cocrosslinking with Styrene of the Unsaturated Poly(silyl ester) and Characteristics of the Crosslinked Product

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Nian Feng Han ◽  
De Jie Zhou ◽  
Xin De Tang
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Resonance Signal ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Viscous Liquids ◽  
Silyl Ester ◽  
Linear Poly ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Better Than

The unsaturated poly(silyl ester) has been prepared by the polycondensation reaction of 1, 3-dichloro-tetramethyldisiloxane with di-tert-butyl fumarate. To investigate the crosslinking reaction of the unsaturated poly(silyl ester), poly(tetramethyl disilyloxyl fumarate) was self-crosslinked and cocrosslinked with styrene in the presence of 2, 2'-azobis(isobutyronitri1e) (AIBN) as a radical initiator. After the crosslinking, the unsaturated poly(silyl ester)s, which were viscous liquids, turned into solid products. The characterization of the poly(silyl ester) and the crosslinked product included infrared (IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Comparisons were made between the linear poly(silyl ester) and the crosslinked products. It was found that after crosslinking, the important resonance signal for ethenylene (C=C) of the poly(silyl ester) disappeared, which show that the crosslinking reaction is carried out progressively. The glass-transition temperatures of the self-crosslinked and cocrosslinked product were higher than that of the uncrosslinked poly(silyl ester), and the thermal stability of the crosslinked poly(silyl ester)s was better than that of uncrosslinked poly(silyl ester). In degradation tests, the self-crosslinked product degradable completely in 35 minutes and the cocrosslinked product complete mass loss in 5 days and the release of PNA followed the degradation of the crsslinked product. The rate of degradation of the poly(silyl ester) decreased after the crosslinking.

Characterization of Rh/Si multilayer structure by HREM and HAADF

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
Y. Cheng ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
M.B. Stearns ◽  
D.G. Steams
Keyword(s):  
Normal Incidence ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Better Than

The Rh/Si multilayer (ML) thin films are promising optical elements for soft x-rays since they have a calculated normal incidence reflectivity of ∼60% at a x-ray wavelength of ∼13 nm. However, a reflectivity of only 28% has been attained to date for ML fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering. In order to determine the cause of this degraded reflectivity the microstructure of this ML was examined on cross-sectional specimens with two high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM and HAADF) techniques.Cross-sectional specimens were made from an as-prepared ML sample and from the same ML annealed at 298 °C for 1 and 100 hours. The specimens were imaged using a JEM-4000EX TEM operating at 400 kV with a point-to-point resolution of better than 0.17 nm. The specimens were viewed along Si [110] projection of the substrate, with the (001) Si surface plane parallel to the beam direction.

Microstructural and fractographic characterization of B4C-Al cermets tested under dynamic and static loading

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Gyeung Ho Kim ◽  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
D. L. Milius ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Full Density ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Strong Component ◽  
Reaction Products

Cermets are designed to optimize the mechanical properties of ceramics (hard and strong component) and metals (ductile and tough component) into one system. However, the processing of such systems is a problem in obtaining fully dense composite without deleterious reaction products. In the lightweight (2.65 g/cc) B4C-Al cermet, many of the processing problems have been circumvented. It is now possible to process fully dense B4C-Al cermet with tailored microstructures and achieve unique combination of mechanical properties (fracture strength of over 600 MPa and fracture toughness of 12 MPa-m1/2). In this paper, microstructure and fractography of B4C-Al cermets, tested under dynamic and static loading conditions, are described.The cermet is prepared by infiltration of Al at 1150°C into partially sintered B4C compact under vacuum to full density. Fracture surface replicas were prepared by using cellulose acetate and thin-film carbon deposition. Samples were observed with a Philips 3000 at 100 kV.

Synthesis and characterization of flame-retardant-wrapped carbon nanotubes and its flame retardancy in epoxy nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110245
Author(s):  
Jiangbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Pristine Cnts ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Ep Matrix ◽  
Better Than

A novel phosphorus-silicon containing flame-retardant DOPO-V-PA was used to wrap carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The results of FTIR, XPS, TEM and TGA measurements exhibited that DOPO-V-PA has been successfully grafted onto the surfaces of CNTs, and the CNTs-DOPO-V-PA was obtained. The CNTs-DOPO-V-PA was subsequently incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) for improving the flame retardancy and dispersion. Compared with pure EP, the addition of 2 wt% CNTs-DOPO-V-PA into the EP matrix could achieve better flame retardancy of EP nanocomposites, such as a 30.5% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and 8.1% reduction in total heat release (THR). Furthermore, DMTA results clearly indicated that the dispersion for CNTs-DOPO-V-PA in EP matrix was better than pristine CNTs.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Talc Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polypropylene Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Govorčin Bajsić ◽  
Vesna Rek ◽  
Ivana Ćosić
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Better Than

The effect of the addition of talc on the morphology and thermal properties of blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The blends of TPU and PP are incompatible because of large differences in polarities between the nonpolar crystalline PP and polar TPU and high interfacial tensions. The interaction between TPU and PP can be improved by using talc as reinforcing filler. The morphology was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of the neat polymers and unfilled and talc filled TPU/PP blends were studied by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of talc in TPU/PP blends improved miscibility in all investigated TPU/T/PP blends. The DSC results for talc filled TPU/PP blends show that the degree of crystallinity increased, which is due to the nucleating effect induced by talc particles. The reason for the increased storage modulus of blends with the incorporation of talc is due to the improved interface between polymers and filler. According to TGA results, the addition of talc enhanced thermal stability. The homogeneity of the talc filled TPU/PP blends is better than unfilled TPU/PP blends.

Estimating the shape and size of supramolecular assemblies by variable temperature diffusion ordered spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (40) ◽  
pp. 7932-7936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Schulze ◽  
Davita L. Watkins ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Ion Ghiviriga ◽  
Ronald K. Castellano
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Supramolecular Assemblies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Conjugated Oligomers ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Temperature Diffusion ◽  
Shape And Size

Reported is characterization of the self-assembly of π-conjugated oligomers, molecules studied recently in photovoltaic devices, using variable temperature diffusion ordered spectroscopy; the approach has allowed estimation of assembly size, shape, and molecularity.

SOCIAL LOAFING AND SELF-BELIEFS: PEOPLE'S COLLECTIVE EFFORT DEPENDS ON THE EXTENT TO WHICH THEY DISTINGUISH THEMSELVES AS BETTER THAN OTHERS

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Charbonnier ◽  
Pascal Huguet ◽  
Markus Brauer ◽  
Jean-Marc Monteil
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Loafing ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Better Than

An experiment tested whether the belief that one is better than others on performance aspects of the self moderates social loafing, the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. French students performed an easy task either coactively or collectively. They were then asked to rate how they individuate themselves from others on personal abilities within various domains of social life. The loafing effect was especially strong in participants who perceived themselves as better than others, suggesting that self-beliefs related to one's feeling of uniqueness is a significant component of social loafing. This finding is discussed from the perspective of Karau and Williams' (1993) Collective Effort Model.

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