Improvement of Foaming Properties of Whole Egg Powder through Maillard Reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1091-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Yu ◽  
Yu Jie Chi ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Lei Lv ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  

In attempt to improve foaming properties of whole egg powder(WEP), WEP proteins were covalently attached to polysaccharide (maltodextrin) in a controlled aqueous solution through Maillard reaction. The optimum reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature was 50°C, reaction time was 120min, the weight ratio of maltodextrin:protein was 8‰. After modification, the foaming ability (FA) of WEP increased from 62.96% to 86.05%, the foaming stability(FS) increased from 20.67% to 38.97%. As the reaction proceeded, hydrophobicity and Surface SH groups increased, total SH groups and vailable lysine contents of M-WEP decreased. This results demonstrated that the Maillard reaction partially unfolds and polymerizes proteins of M-WEP and, consequently, improved foaming properties of WEP under certain controlled conditions.

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2411-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Li Hong Lan ◽  
Tao Xie ◽  
An Ping Liao

Isoamyl acetate was synthesized from isoamylol and glacial acetic acid with strong acidic cation exchanger as catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions such as acid-alcohol ratio, reaction time, catalyst dosage to esterification reaction have been investigated and the optimum reaction conditions can be concluded as: the molar ratio of acetic acid to isoamylol 0.8:1, reaction time 2h, 25 % of catalyst (quality of acetic acid as benchmark). The conversion rate can reach up to 75.46%. The catalytic ability didn’t reduce significantly after reusing 10 times and the results showed that the catalyst exhibited preferably catalytic activity and reusability.


2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1092-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnendu Kumar Pobi ◽  
Biplab Mondal ◽  
Sumanta Nayek ◽  
Apurba K. Patra ◽  
Rajnarayan Saha

Abstract The present study is focused on the removal of Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution using a tridentate chelating agent, 2-pyridyl-N-(2′-methylthiophenyl) methyleneimine (PMTPM); and applicability of such removal from industrial wastewater using PMTPM is also investigated. The results showed that the metal ions removal efficiency using PMTPM was in the order of Hg2+(99.46%) > Cd2+(95.42%) > Pb2+(94.54%) under optimum reaction conditions (L:M2+ = 3:1, pH = 9, time = 24 h, temp. = 30 °C). Formed chelated complexes such as [Hg(PMTPM)Cl2] (1), [Cd(PMTPM)Cl2] (2) and [Pb(PMTPM)Cl2] (3) were characterized by numerous spectroscopic tools and X-ray structure determination of a representative complex of Hg2+. In the X-ray structure of [Hg(PMTPM)Cl2], 1, the Hg2+ adopted a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry surrounding two N donors of PMTPM and two chloride ions. A similar coordination geometry surrounding the respective metal centres in 2 and 3 was established. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a stability order of [Cd(PMTPM)Cl2] > [Hg(PMTPM)Cl2] > [Pb(PMTPM)Cl2]. Further the comparative metal leaching behaviour of these chelate complexes exhibited higher stability in alkaline solution than in acidic. Moreover, PMTPM was applied in real mixed industrial wastewater with alkaline pH, and adequate removals of toxic metals were achieved.


2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 617-620
Author(s):  
Yong Hong Wang ◽  
Yan Gai Liu ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang ◽  
Ming Hao Fang

The utilization of lightweight refractories plays an important role in reducing the energy consumption of industrial furnaces. In this paper, MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 high temperature composite was synthesized via solid state reaction using magnesite, dolomite and industrial alumina as raw materials. The influences of raw materials and reaction temperature on phase compositions and microstructure of the composite were investigated by XRD and SEM,respectively. The parameters to prepare MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 high temperature composite were optimized. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions for synthesizing MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 composite is the CA6/MA weight ratio of 2:3, and the reaction temperature of 1500°C for 4h. The CaA112O19 crystals showed laminated or plate-like structure, and the MgAl2O4 showed spherical morphology. The reaction temperature had little effect on the phase compositions of MA-CA6 composite in this experiment. The content of Al2O3 in the raw material affected the phase composition of MA-CA6 composite.With the increase of the CaA112O19 amount, the bending strength of the composite decreased.


2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Mei Xu ◽  
Hua Yuan ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Feng Zhen Yang

The synthesis of isoamyl acetate with ammonium 9-molybdate manganese heteropolyacid salt supported activated carbon as catalyst was studied. The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows: isoamyl alcohol to acetic acid molar ratio = 1.646, the weight of catalyst is 40% of total weigh, m (acidulate catalyst)=0.2g, m (water carrying reagent toluene) = 3ml, reaction time is about 63 minutes. Selectivity is 100% and conversion rate is 89.48%.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Yangmei Chen ◽  
Yiqian Mai ◽  
Qitang Wu ◽  
Jiaqian Kang ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
...  

Abstract For improving the physical properties of old corrugated container (OCC) fiber, the laccase/histidine system was used in this paper. Firstly, the paper studied the optimum conditions that the laccase/histidine system modified the OCC fiber, including enzyme dosage, histidine dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature, and pH. Experimental results showed that the optimum reaction conditions of laccase/histidine system for OCC pulp were: dose of enzyme 1 U·{\text{g}^{-1}}, 4 h reaction time, pH 4.5, dose of histidine 1 %. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the tensile and burst indexes of the sheet made from laccase/histidine treatment were increased by 25.2 % and 34.0 %, compared with that of the control sample. The SEM results showed that compared with the control sample, the fibrillation of the fiber modified with laccase/histidine was more obvious. Finally, the content of acid-insoluble lignin of the fiber was determined. The content of acid-insoluble lignin of the control sample was 29.2 %, and the content of acid-insoluble lignin of the fiber treated by laccase/histidine system in optimum reaction conditions was 16.0 %, which decreased by 13.2 %. Laccase/histidine system could improve the physical properties of recycled fiber, alleviate fiber decay, which are of great significance to solve the resource shortage and environment pollution of the paper-making industry.


2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 601-605
Author(s):  
Xi Sheng He ◽  
Hui Qing Peng

The initial pH, initial concentration of Fe2+and NaClO on the degradation of ammonium butyl-dithiophosphate using Fe2+/NaClO process have been investigated in this paper. The results shows that under the optimum reaction conditions of a temperature 28°C, pH 4.0, the initial concentration of Fe2+and NaClO is 15 mg/L and 5.33 mL/L, respectively, about 87.86% ammonium butyl-dithiophosphate removal can be achieved within 150 min by using a Fe2+/NaClO process. The degradation of ammonium butyl-dithiophosphate under different NaClO concentration conditions follows the first order exponential decay equations. The Fe2+/NaClO can efficiently oxidation of ammonium butyl-dithiophosphate in aqueous solution and can be an effective process for the treatment of ammonium butyl-dithiophosphate wastewater.


2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Linda N. Zavaleta Palomino

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el proceso de producción óptimo para generar biodiesel, por transesterificación alcalina, a partir de aceites vegetales residuales de los restaurantes del distrito de San Borja, Lima- Perú. Para ello, se analizó el aceite vegetal residual recolectado, se determinó la concentración de metanol (%v/v), la concentración de hidróxido de potasio (%p/p), el tiempo de reacción óptimo, y por último se determinó la calidad del biodiesel producido.Los resultados mostraron que es posible realizar biodiesel con el aceite recolectado, ya que su grado de acidez (1,56%) fue inferior al 3%. Las condiciones óptimas para lograr la máxima conversión de la reacción se obtuvieron cuando se usó una concentración de metanol del 30%, una concentración de hidróxido de potasio del 0,4% respecto al peso del aceite y un tiempo de reacción de 3 hrs 30 min a una temperatura constante de 60°C. Bajo estas condiciones se obtuvo un rendimiento de biodiesel del 85,97%. Al biodiesel obtenido bajo las mejores condiciones de reacción se le analizaron cuatro propiedades del combustible, encontrándose que la viscosidad cinemática fue 5,5 cSt, el número de acidez fue 0,68 mgKOH/g, la ceniza sulfatada fue 0,0478 % y el carbón conradson fue 0,142%.Palabras claves.- Transesterificación alcalina, grado de acidez, máxima conversión número de acidez, viscosidad cinemática, ceniza sulfatada, carbón conradson y postratamiento del biodiesel. ABSTRACT In this paper, it is presented an experiment carried out with the objective of knowing the optimum production process in order to generate bio diesel by alkaline transesterification, from residual vegetable oils from the Restaurants in San Borja. In order to do so, first of all of the residual vegetal oil collected was analyzed, then it was determined the concentration of methanol (%v/v), the concentration of potassium hydroxide (%p/p) and the optimum reaction time, and lastly, it was determined the bio diesel quality produced.The results showed that it is possible to generate biodiesel from the collected oil, due to its grade of acidity (1,56%) was lower than 3%. The optimum conditions to get the maximum conversion of the reaction were achieved when it was used a methanol concentration of 30%, a concentration of potassium hydroxide of 0,4% regarding the weight of the oil and a reaction time of 3:30 minutes at a constant temperature of 60%. Under these conditions it was obtained a performance of biodiesel of 85,97%. Biodiesel obtained under the best reaction conditions will be analyzed four fuel properties, finding that the kinematic viscosity was 5,5 cSt, the acid number was 0,68 mg KOH / g, the sulfated ash was 0,0478% and Conradson Carbon was 0,142%. Key Words.- Alkaline Transesterification, grade of acidity, maximum conversion, number of acidity, kinematic viscosity,    sulfated ash, conradson carbon and after treatment of biodiesel


2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 2340-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jie Wang ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Wen Yu Wang ◽  
Chang Fa Xiao ◽  
Lin Tong

This paper investigates the preparation and electrospinning of acidified-oxidized potato starch. In this article, acidified-oxidized potato starch was prepared by adding ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agent and hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. The effect of reaction time, temperature, the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the content of ammonium persulfate on the viscosity and content of carboxyl were discussed. The optimum reaction conditions were as follows: 1.5 hours ,50°C, 0.5mol/l HCl, 2.5% (NH4)2S2O8. And then, the acidified-oxidized potato starch prepared at the optimum condition was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to be electrospinned by contrast to native starch. Electrospinning of 5wt%-21wt% of modified starch in DMSO produced beads, beaded fibers, and smooth fibers, depending on the concentration range. Smooth fibers were observed until the concentration reached 19wt%, while native starch was 5wt%.


2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1804-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Feng Zhu ◽  
Hong Ye Liu ◽  
Peng Hui Shi ◽  
Jun Feng Wu ◽  
Yi Fei Guo

Red mud has been used to develop effective adsorbents to remove phosphate from aqueous solution. The effects of different dosage, pH of solution and reaction time on adsorption have been examined in batch experiments. It was found that red mud samples show higher removal efficiency for phosphate. The results showed that phosphate removal efficiency was found to be 97 % with optimal reaction conditions initial phosphate concentration 100mg L−1, red mud dosage 10g L−1, pH 2.0, respectively. The phosphate removal efficiency of the red mud adsorbents decreases with increase of pH.


2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Feng Yang ◽  
Hong Hui Chen

The present study provides results describing the degradation performance of ciprofloxacin antibiotic via Fenton treatment. The effect of reaction conditions including the initial pH value, and dosages of ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide on ciprofloxacin and COD removal was investigated. Ciprofloxacin removal efficiency of more than 90% was achieved under optimum reaction conditions of pH value of 2, dosages of 0.75 mmol/L of ferrous ion, and 2.0 mmol/L of hydrogen peroxide after 10min. However, the change of COD in aqueous solution was not obvious and further study about intermediate products during oxidation process should be carried out in the future.


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