OBTENCIÓN DE BIODIESEL POR TRANSESTERIFICACIÓN ALCALINA A PARTOR DE ACEITES VEGETALES RESIDUAL EN LIMA

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Linda N. Zavaleta Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Maximum Conversion ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Production ◽  
Do So

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el proceso de producción óptimo para generar biodiesel, por transesterificación alcalina, a partir de aceites vegetales residuales de los restaurantes del distrito de San Borja, Lima- Perú. Para ello, se analizó el aceite vegetal residual recolectado, se determinó la concentración de metanol (%v/v), la concentración de hidróxido de potasio (%p/p), el tiempo de reacción óptimo, y por último se determinó la calidad del biodiesel producido.Los resultados mostraron que es posible realizar biodiesel con el aceite recolectado, ya que su grado de acidez (1,56%) fue inferior al 3%. Las condiciones óptimas para lograr la máxima conversión de la reacción se obtuvieron cuando se usó una concentración de metanol del 30%, una concentración de hidróxido de potasio del 0,4% respecto al peso del aceite y un tiempo de reacción de 3 hrs 30 min a una temperatura constante de 60°C. Bajo estas condiciones se obtuvo un rendimiento de biodiesel del 85,97%. Al biodiesel obtenido bajo las mejores condiciones de reacción se le analizaron cuatro propiedades del combustible, encontrándose que la viscosidad cinemática fue 5,5 cSt, el número de acidez fue 0,68 mgKOH/g, la ceniza sulfatada fue 0,0478 % y el carbón conradson fue 0,142%.Palabras claves.- Transesterificación alcalina, grado de acidez, máxima conversión número de acidez, viscosidad cinemática, ceniza sulfatada, carbón conradson y postratamiento del biodiesel. ABSTRACT In this paper, it is presented an experiment carried out with the objective of knowing the optimum production process in order to generate bio diesel by alkaline transesterification, from residual vegetable oils from the Restaurants in San Borja. In order to do so, first of all of the residual vegetal oil collected was analyzed, then it was determined the concentration of methanol (%v/v), the concentration of potassium hydroxide (%p/p) and the optimum reaction time, and lastly, it was determined the bio diesel quality produced.The results showed that it is possible to generate biodiesel from the collected oil, due to its grade of acidity (1,56%) was lower than 3%. The optimum conditions to get the maximum conversion of the reaction were achieved when it was used a methanol concentration of 30%, a concentration of potassium hydroxide of 0,4% regarding the weight of the oil and a reaction time of 3:30 minutes at a constant temperature of 60%. Under these conditions it was obtained a performance of biodiesel of 85,97%. Biodiesel obtained under the best reaction conditions will be analyzed four fuel properties, finding that the kinematic viscosity was 5,5 cSt, the acid number was 0,68 mg KOH / g, the sulfated ash was 0,0478% and Conradson Carbon was 0,142%. Key Words.- Alkaline Transesterification, grade of acidity, maximum conversion, number of acidity, kinematic viscosity,    sulfated ash, conradson carbon and after treatment of biodiesel

OBTENCIÓN DE BIODIESEL POR TRANSESTERIFICACIÓN ALCALINA A PARTOR DE ACEITES VEGETALES RESIDUAL EN LIMA

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Linda N. Zavaleta Palomino ◽  
Jean Pierre A. Suavo Carrión
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Maximum Conversion ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Production ◽  
Do So

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el proceso de producción óptimo para generar biodiesel, por transesterificación alcalina, a partir de aceites vegetales residuales de los restaurantes del distrito de San Borja, Lima- Perú. Para ello, se analizó el aceite vegetal residual recolectado, se determinó la concentración de metanol (%v/v), la concentración de hidróxido de potasio (%p/p), el tiempo de reacción óptimo, y por último se determinó la calidad del biodiesel producido.Los resultados mostraron que es posible realizar biodiesel con el aceite recolectado, ya que su grado de acidez (1,56%) fue inferior al 3%. Las condiciones óptimas para lograr la máxima conversión de la reacción se obtuvieron cuando se usó una concentración de metanol del 30%, una concentración de hidróxido de potasio del 0,4% respecto al peso del aceite y un tiempo de reacción de 3 hrs 30 min a una temperatura constante de 60°C. Bajo estas condiciones se obtuvo un rendimiento de biodiesel del 85,97%. Al biodiesel obtenido bajo las mejores condiciones de reacción se le analizaron cuatro propiedades del combustible, encontrándose que la viscosidad cinemática fue 5,5 cSt, el número de acidez fue 0,68 mgKOH/g, la ceniza sulfatada fue 0,0478 % y el carbón conradson fue 0,142%.Palabras claves.- Transesterificación alcalina, grado de acidez, máxima conversión número de acidez, viscosidad cinemática, ceniza sulfatada, carbón conradson y postratamiento del biodiesel. ABSTRACT In this paper, it is presented an experiment carried out with the objective of knowing the optimum production process in order to generate bio diesel by alkaline transesterification, from residual vegetable oils from the Restaurants in San Borja. In order to do so, first of all of the residual vegetal oil collected was analyzed, then it was determined the concentration of methanol (%v/v), the concentration of potassium hydroxide (%p/p) and the optimum reaction time, and lastly, it was determined the bio diesel quality produced.The results showed that it is possible to generate biodiesel from the collected oil, due to its grade of acidity (1,56%) was lower than 3%. The optimum conditions to get the maximum conversion of the reaction were achieved when it was used a methanol concentration of 30%, a concentration of potassium hydroxide of 0,4% regarding the weight of the oil and a reaction time of 3:30 minutes at a constant temperature of 60%. Under these conditions it was obtained a performance of biodiesel of 85,97%. Biodiesel obtained under the best reaction conditions will be analyzed four fuel properties, finding that the kinematic viscosity was 5,5 cSt, the acid number was 0,68 mg KOH / g, the sulfated ash was 0,0478% and Conradson Carbon was 0,142%. KeyWords.- Alkaline Transesterification, grade of acidity, maximum conversion, number of acidity, kinematic viscosity,sulfated ash, conradson carbon and after treatment of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Ulat Jerman (Zophobas morio L.) dengan Metode Transesterifikasi Langsung Menggunakan Pelarut N-Heksana Metanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Oktaviani Cahyaningtyas ◽  
Zulmanelis Zulmanelis ◽  
Darsef Darsef
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Direct Transesterification ◽  
Potential Condition ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Transesterification Method

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu reaksi optimum pembuatan biodiesel dari ulat jerman (Zophobas morio L.) menggunakan katalis H2SO4 dengan metode transesterifikasi langsung. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah waktu reaksi 8, 12, 16, dan 20 jam pada dua kondisi berbeda (perbandingan pelarut n-heksana metanol 1:2 dan 1:5). Hasil dari penelitian inimenunjukkan  belum ditemukan waktu optimum pada kedua kondisi. Ditemukan kondisi produk biodiesel paling berpotensi yang telah memenuhi dua dari tiga parameter standar biodiesel yaitu pada kondisi perbandingan pelarut n-heksana metanol 1:5 dengan waktu reaksi 20 jam menghasilkan 20mL biodiesel, densitas 0,8950 g mL-1, viskositas kinematik 12,17 cSt, dan bilangan asam 0,41 mg KOH/g sampel. Berdasarkan uji GC-MS pada biodiesel paling berpotensi didapatkan 4 jenis metil ester yaitu metil palmitat, metil palmitoleat, metil linoleat dan metil stearat. Kata kunci: Biodiesel, metil ester, transesterifikasi langsung, ulat jerman Abstract The aims for this studies was to determine the optimum reaction time of biodiesel from superworm (Zophobas morio L.) using H2SO4 catalyst by direct transesterification method. Reaction times 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours in two different conditions (comparison of hexane-methanol solvents 1:2 and 1:5) were investigated. The results of this study have not yet found optimal time in both conditions. It was found that the most potential condition of biodiesel products had fulfilled two of the three standard biodiesel parameters, was the condition of the comparison of hexane-methanol 1:5 solvents with a reaction time of 20 hours producing 20 mL biodiesel, density 0.8950 g mL-1, kinematic viscosity 12.17 cSt, and acid number 0,41 mg KOH/g sample. The GC-MS result showed the methyl ester from biodiesel product are contains methyl palmitate, methyl palmitoleate, methyl linoleic, and methyl stearat Keywords: Biodiesel, direct transesterification, methyl ester, superworm

Study on the Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by Strong Acidic Cation Exchange Resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2411-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Li Hong Lan ◽  
Tao Xie ◽  
An Ping Liao
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Isoamyl acetate was synthesized from isoamylol and glacial acetic acid with strong acidic cation exchanger as catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions such as acid-alcohol ratio, reaction time, catalyst dosage to esterification reaction have been investigated and the optimum reaction conditions can be concluded as: the molar ratio of acetic acid to isoamylol 0.8:1, reaction time 2h, 25 % of catalyst (quality of acetic acid as benchmark). The conversion rate can reach up to 75.46%. The catalytic ability didn’t reduce significantly after reusing 10 times and the results showed that the catalyst exhibited preferably catalytic activity and reusability.

scholarly journals Synthesis of NdAlO3 Nanoparticles and Evaluation of the Catalytic Capacity for Biodiesel Synthesis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionicio-Navarrete ◽  
Arrieta-Gonzalez ◽  
Quinto-Hernandez ◽  
Casales-Diaz ◽  
Zuñiga-Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Capacity

Biodiesel synthesis was carried out via heterogeneous catalysis of canola oil with nanoparticles of a mixed oxide based on rare earths. The catalyst synthesis (NdAlO3) was carried out based on the method proposed by Pechini for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) analysis was performed on the nanoparticle precursor gel in order to establish the optimum conditions for its calcination, with these being of 800 °C over 24 h. A pure NdAlO3 compound with an approximate size of 100 nm was obtained. The products of the transesterification reaction were analyzed using gas chromatography, FTIR, and NMR. The optimum reaction conditions were determined, namely, the temperature effect, reaction time, methanol:oil mass ratio, and recyclability of the catalyst. These studies showed the following optimal conditions: 200 °C, 5 h, methanol:oil mass ratio of 6:1, and a constant decrease in the catalytic activity of the catalyst was observed for up to six reuses, which later remained constant at around a 50% conversion rate. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained with the optimum conditions was around 75%. Analysis of the reaction products showed that the residual oil showed a chemical composition different from that of the source oil, and that both the biodiesel and glycerol obtained were of high purity.

A New Technological Study on Synthesis of Bis(2-chloroethoxy)Methane

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Yan Bai ◽  
Xuan Tang ◽  
Kui Zhou ◽  
Cun She Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Ethylene Chlorohydrin ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Chromatographic Detection ◽  
Catalyst Dosage ◽  
Technological Study

bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane was synthesized by the reaction of ethylene chlorohydrin and Oligopolyformaldehyde under sulfuric acid catalysis. optimum reaction conditions obtained were as follows: the molar ratio of Oligopolyformaldehyde and ethylene chlorohydrin of 1.2:2, catalyst dosage was 5‰mass fraction of ethylene chlorohydrin, toluene were chose as water-carrying agent, All reactant were refluxed on temperature of 110°C until no water generated. Under the optimum conditions the yield of bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane was 97.7%. The structure of bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane were conformed by ATR IR. The purity of bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane were 99% by gas chromatographic detection.

Catalytic Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by (NH4)6[MnMo9O32]•8H2O Supported Activated Carbon with Waugh Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Mei Xu ◽  
Hua Yuan ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Feng Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

The synthesis of isoamyl acetate with ammonium 9-molybdate manganese heteropolyacid salt supported activated carbon as catalyst was studied. The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows: isoamyl alcohol to acetic acid molar ratio = 1.646, the weight of catalyst is 40% of total weigh, m (acidulate catalyst)=0.2g, m (water carrying reagent toluene) = 3ml, reaction time is about 63 minutes. Selectivity is 100% and conversion rate is 89.48%.

Preparation of Sodium Ferrate by Microwave Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2225-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Cui ◽  
Shan Shan Chen ◽  
Dang Sheng Li ◽  
Peng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Maximum Absorption ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Iron Source

Sodium ferrate solution was obtained with microwave method using Fe3O4 as iron source. The product was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-Vis). And the results indicated that the prepared product was sodium ferrate, which has a maximum absorption at 505nm. The concentration of the product was affected by many reaction conditions, such as activation time, reaction time, and concentration of reactant. The optimum conditions was determined through a series experiment, at which the concentration of sodium ferrate was 1.41g/L.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Biji Alpukat (Persea americana) Melalui Proses Transesterifikasi Langsung

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Shafira Dwita Purnama Putri Shafira ◽  
Zulmanelis Zulmanelis ◽  
Darsef Darsef
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Direct Transesterification ◽  
Methanol Mixture ◽  
Avocado Seed

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi optimum pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak biji alpukat melalui proses transesterifikasi langsung. Variasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah variasi waktu reaksi 8, 12, 16 dan 20 jam serta variasi perbandingan campuran heksana-metanol 1:2 dan 1:5. Katalis yang digunakan adalah H2SO4 sebesar 20% berat yang diimpregnasi ke dalam serbuk biji alpukat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi optimum pembuatan biodiesel dari biji alpukat adalah pada waktu reaksi 16 jam dengan perbandingan campuran heksana-metanol 1:5. Volume akhir biodiesel yang didapatkan sebesar 1,6 mL dengan densitas sebesar 910,7 kg m-3, viskositas kinematik sebesar 3,3051 cSt dan bilangan asam 1,9418 mg KOH g-1 lemak. Berdasarkan analisis GC-MS produk biodiesel dari kondisi optimum yang berhasil terkonversi adalah metil palmitat Kata kunci: biji alpukat, biodiesel, metil ester, transesterifikasi langsung Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions of making biodiesel from avocado seed oil through a direct transesterification process. The variations used in this study were reaction time of 8, 12, 16 and 20 hours and hexane-methanol mixture of 1:2 and 1:5. The catalyst used was H2SO4 of 20% (wt) that has been impregnated into avocado seed powder. The results showed that the optimum conditions for making biodiesel from avocado seeds were at the reaction time of 16 hours with a hexane-methanol mixture ratio of 1:5. The final volume of biodiesel was 1.6 mL with a density of 910.7 kg m-3, kinematic viscosity of 3.3051 cSt and acid number 1.9418 mg KOH g_1. Based on GC-MS analysis of biodiesel products from the optimum conditions the resulted of fatty acid methyl ester is methyl palmitate. Keywords: avocado seeds, biodiesel, direct transesterification, methyl ester.

scholarly journals Differential Degradation and Detoxification of an Aromatic Pollutant by Two Different Peroxidases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysha Hamad Alneyadi ◽  
Iltaf Shah ◽  
Synan F. AbuQamar ◽  
Syed Salman Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Sulforhodamine B ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
First Time

Enzymatic degradation of organic pollutants is a new and promising remediation approach. Peroxidases are one of the most commonly used classes of enzymes to degrade organic pollutants. However, it is generally assumed that all peroxidases behave similarly and produce similar degradation products. In this study, we conducted detailed studies of the degradation of a model aromatic pollutant, Sulforhodamine B dye (SRB dye), using two peroxidases—soybean peroxidase (SBP) and chloroperoxidase (CPO). Our results show that these two related enzymes had different optimum conditions (pH, temperature, H2O2 concentration...etc.) for efficiently degrading SRB dye. High-performance liquid chromatography and LC-mass spectrometry analyses confirmed that both SBP and CPO transformed the SRB dye into low molecular weight intermediates. While most of the intermediates produced by the two enzymes were the same, the CPO treatment produced at least one different intermediate. Furthermore, toxicological evaluation using lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds demonstrated that the SBP-based treatment was able to eliminate the phytotoxicity of SRB dye, but the CPO-based treatment did not. Our results show, for the first time, that while both of these related enzymes can be used to efficiently degrade organic pollutants, they have different optimum reaction conditions and may not be equally efficient in detoxification of organic pollutants.

The influence of laccase/histidine system on the properties of OCC pulp fibers, and of handsheets made thereof

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Yangmei Chen ◽  
Yiqian Mai ◽  
Qitang Wu ◽  
Jiaqian Kang ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Recycled Fiber ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Enzyme Dosage ◽  
Resource Shortage

Abstract For improving the physical properties of old corrugated container (OCC) fiber, the laccase/histidine system was used in this paper. Firstly, the paper studied the optimum conditions that the laccase/histidine system modified the OCC fiber, including enzyme dosage, histidine dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature, and pH. Experimental results showed that the optimum reaction conditions of laccase/histidine system for OCC pulp were: dose of enzyme 1 U·{\text{g}^{-1}}, 4 h reaction time, pH 4.5, dose of histidine 1 %. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the tensile and burst indexes of the sheet made from laccase/histidine treatment were increased by 25.2 % and 34.0 %, compared with that of the control sample. The SEM results showed that compared with the control sample, the fibrillation of the fiber modified with laccase/histidine was more obvious. Finally, the content of acid-insoluble lignin of the fiber was determined. The content of acid-insoluble lignin of the control sample was 29.2 %, and the content of acid-insoluble lignin of the fiber treated by laccase/histidine system in optimum reaction conditions was 16.0 %, which decreased by 13.2 %. Laccase/histidine system could improve the physical properties of recycled fiber, alleviate fiber decay, which are of great significance to solve the resource shortage and environment pollution of the paper-making industry.

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