Production of Biodiesel in Supercritical Methanol and Related Correlation on Phase Equilibrium

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zeng ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Tao Fang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Final Yield

Biodiesel was prepared by methyl esterification and effects of different reaction conditions on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were investigated. The result of the orthogonal experiment analysis shows that the order of influential factors is ranked as reaction temperature > methanol-to-soybean-oil (M/O) ratio > reaction time. The maximum yield of 94.8 % has been achieved by reacting supercritical methanol and soybean oil in M/O ratio 4:2 (v/v) at 573 K for 45 min. Moreover, the higher M/O ratio, the higher yield of FAMEs will be obtained. At the temperature ranging from 533 k to 573 k, the yield rises significantly; however, since soybean oil decomposes over 573 K, the yield decreases oppositely. Time longer than 45 min has less effect on the final yield. In addition, the phase equilibrium data of supercritical methanol + C12 methyl esters and supercritical methanol + C18 methyl esters were separately correlated using the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) with the Adachi-Sugie (AS) mixing rule.

scholarly journals USE OF CERAMIC MATERIAL (CEMENT CLINKER) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
SUNNY SONI ◽  
MADHU AGARWAL
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
Additional Demand ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel made from natural, renewable biological sources such as edible and non edible oils. Over the last years, biodiesel has gained more market due to its benefits and because it appears as the natural substitute for diesel. Reasons for growing interest in biodiesel include its potential for reducing noxious emissions, potential contributions to rural economic development, as an additional demand center for agricultural commodities, and as a way to reduce reliance on foreign oil. Biodiesel was prepared from soybean oil by transesterification with methanol in the presence of cement clinker. Cement clinker was examined as a catalyst for a conversion of soybean oil to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). It can be a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel fuels from soybean oil because of high activity in the conversion and no leaching in the transesterification reaction. The reaction conditions were optimized. A study for optimizing the reaction parameters such as the reaction temperature, and reaction time, was carried out. The catalyst cement clinker composition was characterized by XRF. The results demonstrate that the cement clinker shows high catalytic performance & it was found that the yield of biodiesel can reach as high as 84.52% after 1 h reaction at 65°C, with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 21 wt% KOH/cement clinker as catalyst.

Estimation of critical properties of reaction mixtures obtained in different reaction conditions during the synthesis of biodiesel with supercritical methanol from soybean oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 418-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Olivares-Carrillo ◽  
Joaquín Quesada-Medina ◽  
Antonia Pérez de los Ríos ◽  
Francisco J. Hernández-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Critical Properties ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Reaction Conditions

Synthesis of Biodiesel by Different Carriers Supported KOH Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Mei Yang ◽  
Peng Mei Lv ◽  
Zhen Hong Yuan ◽  
Wen Luo ◽  
Hui Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
And Performance

Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to methyl eaters was found proceed in the presence of KOH loaded on five different oxides (CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Bentonite, kaolin) as heterogeneous catalysts. The structure and performance of these catalysts were studied using the techniques of XRD, CO2-TPD, and SEM. It was found that the 15wt% KOH/CaO catalyst provided best activity. In the presence of this catalyst, the yield of fatty acid methyl esters was 97.1%. The reaction conditions were as follows: methanol to soybean oil molar ratio was 16:1, temperature of 65 °C, reaction time of 1 h, and a catalyst amount of 4 wt%. The catalysts of KOH loaded on CaO showed a new crystalline phase of K2O. However, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has more basic sites than the catalyst of 15-KOH/MgO. Therefore, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has been associated with higher transesterification activity.

Epoxidation of Soybean Oil under Acid-Free Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Xia Miao ◽  
Jian Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Free System ◽  
Epoxy Ring Opening ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Industrially the epoxidation of soybean oil utilize peracids as oxidizing agents together with strong mineral acids as catalyst. To avoid the corrosive waste and undesirable epoxy-ring opening as well as polymerization under acidic conditions, new green catalytic processes in acid-free system have been paid great attentions in recent years. In this paper, MoO3/Al2O3 simply prepared by impregnation method and mesoporous TS-1 prepared by one-pot hydrothermal method were evaluated as catalysts for the epoxidation of soybean oil with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Orthogonal experiment design was used to optimize the reaction conditions for MoO3/Al2O3 and the optimized conditions are as reaction temperature of 80°C, reaction time of 4h, the ratio of double bond to TBHP of 1:1.4, and the ratio of Ti to double bond of 1%. Higher than 55.8% of selectivity would be obtained. The synthesized meso-TS-1 displayed worse performance than expected result, only 27.6% of epoxy selectivity at conversion of 38.7%.

scholarly journals Variable-rate in corn sowing for maximizing grain yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Eujácio da Silva ◽  
Fábio Henrique Rojo Baio ◽  
Daniel Fernando Kolling ◽  
Renato Schneider Júnior ◽  
Alex Rogers Aguiar Zanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Soil Attributes

AbstractSowing density is one of the most influential factors affecting corn yield. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, according to soil attributes, maximum corn productivity can be attained by varying the seed population. Specifically, our objectives were to identify the soil attributes that affect grain yield, in order to generate a model to define the optimum sowing rate as a function of the attributes identified, and determine which vegetative growth indices can be used to predict yield most accurately. The experiment was conducted in Chapadão do Céu-GO in 2018 and 2019 at two different locations. Corn was sown as the second crop after the soybean harvest. The hybrids used were AG 8700 PRO3 and FS 401 PW, which have similar characteristics and an average 135-day cropping cycle. Tested sowing rates were 50, 55, 60, and 65 thousand seeds ha−1. Soil attributes evaluated included pH, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, clay content, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Additionally, we measured the correlation between the different vegetative growth indices and yield. Linear correlations were obtained through Pearson’s correlation network, followed by path analysis for the selection of cause and effect variables, which formed the decision trees to estimate yield and seeding density. Magnesium and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) were the most important soil attributes for determining sowing density. Thus, the plant population should be 56,000 plants ha−1 to attain maximum yield at ECa values > 7.44 mS m−1. In addition, the plant population should be 64,800 plants ha−1 at values < 7.44 mS m−1 when magnesium levels are greater than 0.13 g kg−1, and 57,210 plants ha−1 when magnesium content is lower. Trial validation showed that the decision tree effectively predicted optimum plant population under the local experimental conditions, where yield did not significantly differ among populations.

Phase equilibrium data and thermodynamic modeling of the system propane+NMP+methanol at high pressures

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael M. Charin ◽  
Marcos L. Corazza ◽  
Papa M. Ndiaye ◽  
Marcio A. Mazutti ◽  
J. Vladimir Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Phase Equilibrium Data ◽  
Equilibrium Data

An assessment test for phase equilibrium data of water soluble and insoluble clathrate hydrate formers

2013 ◽  
Vol 360 ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poorandokht Ilani-Kashkouli ◽  
Saeedeh Babaee ◽  
Farhad Gharagheizi ◽  
Hamed Hashemi ◽  
Amir H. Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Clathrate Hydrate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phase Equilibrium Data ◽  
Equilibrium Data

scholarly journals Preparation of Glucosamine Hydrochloride from Indigenous Shrimp Processing Waste

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
SM Masum ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
AA Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Therapeutic Activity ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Glucosamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Glycoside Linkage ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The present investigation described the effective preparation of glucosamine hydrochloride (GluHCl) from chitin which was extracted from indigenous shrimp shell. GluHCl has attracted much attention owing to its therapeutic activity in osteoarthritis and widely used dietary supplement. The key step involved was extraction of chitin from shrimp skeleton and then hydrolysis of chitin by concentrated hydrochloric acid. The reaction proceeds via break down of glycoside linkage. Structural analysis was carried out by melting point, TLC, FT-IR, elemental analysis and all the data were compared with that of standard GluHCl. The elemental (C, 32.75; H, 6.51; N, 6.20) analysis is good concord with the calculated value (C, 33.42; H, 6.54; N, 6.50). Absence of v max at 1726 cm-1 indicates that GluHCl is a deacetylated product of chitin. The yields of the product mainly depend on reaction conditions. Maximum yield (63.5%) was obtained when chitin was hydrolyzed with concentrated HCl for 1.30 h. Key words: Shrimp shell; Chitin, Acid hydrolysis; Glucosamine hydrochloride Osteoarthritis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9046 BJSIR 2011; 46(3): 375-378

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document