Estimation of critical properties of reaction mixtures obtained in different reaction conditions during the synthesis of biodiesel with supercritical methanol from soybean oil

Biodiesel was prepared by methyl esterification and effects of different reaction conditions on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were investigated. The result of the orthogonal experiment analysis shows that the order of influential factors is ranked as reaction temperature > methanol-to-soybean-oil (M/O) ratio > reaction time. The maximum yield of 94.8 % has been achieved by reacting supercritical methanol and soybean oil in M/O ratio 4:2 (v/v) at 573 K for 45 min. Moreover, the higher M/O ratio, the higher yield of FAMEs will be obtained. At the temperature ranging from 533 k to 573 k, the yield rises significantly; however, since soybean oil decomposes over 573 K, the yield decreases oppositely. Time longer than 45 min has less effect on the final yield. In addition, the phase equilibrium data of supercritical methanol + C12 methyl esters and supercritical methanol + C18 methyl esters were separately correlated using the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) with the Adachi-Sugie (AS) mixing rule.

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USE OF CERAMIC MATERIAL (CEMENT CLINKER) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL

International Journal of Modern Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1142/s201019451300994x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 71-78

Author(s):

SUNNY SONI ◽

MADHU AGARWAL

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Edible Oils ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Rural Economic Development ◽

Additional Demand ◽

Biodiesel Fuels

Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel made from natural, renewable biological sources such as edible and non edible oils. Over the last years, biodiesel has gained more market due to its benefits and because it appears as the natural substitute for diesel. Reasons for growing interest in biodiesel include its potential for reducing noxious emissions, potential contributions to rural economic development, as an additional demand center for agricultural commodities, and as a way to reduce reliance on foreign oil. Biodiesel was prepared from soybean oil by transesterification with methanol in the presence of cement clinker. Cement clinker was examined as a catalyst for a conversion of soybean oil to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). It can be a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel fuels from soybean oil because of high activity in the conversion and no leaching in the transesterification reaction. The reaction conditions were optimized. A study for optimizing the reaction parameters such as the reaction temperature, and reaction time, was carried out. The catalyst cement clinker composition was characterized by XRF. The results demonstrate that the cement clinker shows high catalytic performance & it was found that the yield of biodiesel can reach as high as 84.52% after 1 h reaction at 65°C, with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 21 wt% KOH/cement clinker as catalyst.

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Assessing the reaction conditions to mediate the milkfat-soybean oil enzymatic interesterification

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.1590/1981-6723.11615 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ariela Veloso de Paula ◽

Gisele Fátima Morais Nunes ◽

Heizir Ferreira de Castro ◽

Júlio César dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Rhizopus Oryzae ◽

Immobilized Lipase ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Structured Lipids ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Oil Blend ◽

The Ideal

Summary A food grade lipase from Rhizopus oryzae immobilized on a hybrid polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol matrix (SiO2-PVA) was used as the biocatalyst to mediate the interesterification reactions of a blend containing 65% milkfat and 35% soybean oil. All the reactions occurred in an inert nitrogen atmosphere in cylindrical glass reactors (80 mL) with 40 g of the milkfat-soybean oil blend. The influence of the following variables was evaluated: biocatalyst loading (250-1500 activity units per gram of blend), biocatalyst moisture content (5-20%), temperature (45-60 °C) and incubation time (2-48 h). The reactions were monitored by determining the free fatty acid content, triacylglycerol (TAGs) composition in carbon species, and the consistency of the interesterified (IE) products. The reaction conditions were set based on the parameters that provided a high interesterification yield and good consistency of the final product within the ideal range (200 to 800 gf cm-2). Hence the best results were obtained using a biocatalyst loading of 500 U g-1 of blend with 10% moisture content at 45 °C for 4 h. Under these conditions the consistency of the interesterified product was 539.7 ± 38 gf cm-2. The results demonstrated the potential of the immobilized lipase to alter the TAGs profile of the milkfat-soybean oil blend, allowing for the production of structured lipids.

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Rapid room-temperature polymerization of bio-based multiaziridine-containing compounds

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c4ra10335a ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1557-1563 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ruqi Chen ◽

Jason S. Chen ◽

Chaoqun Zhang ◽

Michael R. Kessler

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Michael Addition ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Epoxidized Soybean Oil ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil

Successful Michael addition under mild reaction conditions resulted in the grafting of 2-methyl aziridine onto acrylated epoxidized soybean oil, and the aziridine content was titrated as 0.00413 mol g−1.

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Synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil using supercritical methanol in a one-step catalyst-free process in batch reactor

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids ◽

10.1016/j.supflu.2011.07.011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 378-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Pilar Olivares-Carrillo ◽

Joaquín Quesada-Medina

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Supercritical Methanol ◽

Catalyst Free ◽

Free Process ◽

One Step

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Laboratory-Scale Research of Non-Catalyzed Supercritical Alcohol Process for Continuous Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11040435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 435

Author(s):

Aso A. Hassan ◽

Joseph D. Smith

Keyword(s):

Plug Flow ◽

Tubular Reactor ◽

Volumetric Flow Rate ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Supercritical Methanol ◽

Setup Cost ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Reactor Technology ◽

Kinetics Of

This work investigates the non-catalyzed supercritical methanol (SCM) process for continuous biodiesel production. The lab-scale setup was designed and used for biodiesel production in the temperature range of 520–650 K and 83–380 bar with an oil-to-methanol molar ratio ranging from 1:5 to 1:45. The experiments were performed in the coiled plug flow tubular reactor. The volumetric flow rate of the methanol/oil ranged from 0.1–10 mL/min. This work examines a new reactor technology involving preheating and pre-mixing of the methanol/oil mixture to reduce setup cost and increase biodiesel yield under the same reaction conditions. Work performed showed that FAME’s yield increased rapidly with temperature and pressure above the methanol critical points (i.e., 513 K and 79.5 bar). The best methyl-ester yield using this reaction technology was 91% at 590 K temperature and 351 bars with an oil-to-methanol ratio of 39 and a 15-min residence time. Furthermore, the kinetics of the free catalyst transesterification process was studied in supercritical methanol under different reaction conditions.

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Synthesis of Epoxidized Soybean Oil via Phase Transfer Catalysis

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1061 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 690-693 ◽

pp. 1061-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lu Jing ◽

Guo Qin Liu ◽

Xin Qi Liu ◽

Xue De Wang

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽

Phase Transfer ◽

Active Agent ◽

Epoxidized Soybean Oil ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Epoxidation Reaction ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Epoxy Value

In the system of heteropoly acid [π-C5H5NC16H33]3[PO4(WO3)4], H2O2 (30 %, w/w), polyethylene glycol, 1,2-dichloroethane, soybean oil under went epoxidation reaction smoothly via reaction-controlled phase transfer catalysis. Effects of the amount of interfacial active agent, H2O2, catalyst and reaction time were investigated and the optimized reaction conditions were as follows: 10 g of soybean oil, 0.3 g of [π-C5H5NC16H33]3[PO4 (WO3)4],8 ml of H2O2 (30 %, w/w), 5.0 ml of PEG, 30 g of 1,2-dichloroethane, and the reaction temperature was 65 °C and reaction time was 3.5-4.0 h. Under these optimized conditions, an epoxy value of 6.30 % and a yield of 90 % were obtained. Hence, it is an environmental-friendly and effective way to synthesize epoxidized soybean oil.

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