Formation of Hard Layers in Tool Steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2059-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lopez-Perrusquia ◽  
M. A. Doñu-Ruiz ◽  
S. Rodríguez-González ◽  
D. L. Rosado Cruz ◽  
Frumencio Vasquez-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aisi 4140 ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Boriding Process ◽  
Palmqvist Crack

In the present study, identify the fracture toughness and strength adhesion of borided layers on grade tools steels by Boronizing, two commonly used steel AISI 4140 and AISI 9840 are considered, the steels contain 1.0 - 0.8 wt% Cr and 0.20 - 0.25 wt% Mo, respectively. The formation of the borided layers was carried out by the powder pack boriding process at a temperature range of 1273 K for 4, 6 and 8 h. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed peak of FeB, Fe2B and CrB, the Fracture toughness of the layers is estimated at 15 and 30 um from surface using four different Vickers indentation loads, using Palmqvist crack model, the adherence of the layer/substrate was evaluate in qualitative form though the Rockwell C. The fracture toughness of the borides depends strongly on temperature and time bronzing. Also, good adhesion is obtained around the Rockwell C indentation prints on the borided layer-substrate-interface.

Evaluation Hard Layers in Steel AISI 8620

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2055-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lopez-Perrusquia ◽  
M. A. Doñu-Ruiz ◽  
Victor Cortes Suarez ◽  
D. Sánchez-Huitron ◽  
E.Y. Vargas-Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Borided Layer ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Palmqvist Crack

In the present study, identify the fracture toughness and strength adhesion of borided layers in Steel AISI 8620 by boriding dehydrated paste. The formation of the borided at a temperature range of 1173, 1223 and 1273 K for 4, 6 and 8 h. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed peak of FeB, Fe2B, MoB and CrB and The distribution of alloying elements was detected by means of energy dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), the Fracture toughness of the layers is estimated at 15 and 30 um from surface using different loads indentation Vickers, using Palmqvist crack model, the adherence of the layer/substrate was evaluate in qualitative form though the Rockwell C. The fracture toughness of the borides depends strongly on temperature and time boriding. Also, good adhesion is obtained around the Rockwell C indentation prints on the borided layer-substrate-interface.

Characterization and Fracture Toughness on AISI 8620 with Hard Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 369 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
M.A. Doñu Ruiz ◽  
N. López Perrusquia ◽  
D. Sanchez Huerta ◽  
C.R. Torres San Miguel ◽  
V.J. Cortés Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Experimental Parameter ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallographic Technique ◽  
Palmqvist Crack ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present studies characterize and evaluate the fracture toughness at the surface AISI 8620 with hard coating. The hard coatings FeB and Fe2B were formed using the boriding dehydrated paste at temperatures 1223 and 1273 K with 6 and 8 h exposure time, respectively. The presence of hard coatings formed on the surface AISI 8620 were confirmed by the classical metallographic technique combined with X-ray diffraction analysis. The distribution of alloying elements was determined by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The fracture toughness of the hard coatings on AISI 8620 was estimated using a Vicker microindentation induced fracture testing of 15 and 35 μm from the surface, applying four load (0.49, 0.98,1.96 and N). The microcrack generated at the corner of the microindentation was considered as an experimental parameter and the tree model Palmqvist crack model was employed to determine the fracture toughness. The adherence of the hard coatings/substrate was evaluate in qualitative form though the VDI 3198 by testing Rockwell C and observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of hard layers was obtained in the range of 100-130 μm, results of XRD present phases FeB, Fe2B, CrB and MnB, the values obtained of Kc are in the range of 2.3 to 4.1 MPam1⁄2 and results of acceptable adhesion HF4 patterns for conditions 6 h of treatment

Mechanical Behavior of Iron Boride Formed in the Surface of an AISI W2

2015 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. de la Mora-Ramírez ◽  
D. Sánchez Huerta ◽  
N. López-Perrusquia ◽  
M.A. Doñu Ruiz ◽  
E.A. Cerrillo-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Test Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Boride ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Constant Distance ◽  
Boriding Process

The present study reports the growth of layers formed in the surface of the boride steel AISI W2; by the application of the dehydrated paste-pack boriding process and using three different temperatures at 1173, 1223 and 1273 K, with 2, 4, 6 and 8 h of exposure. The substrate and the boride Fe2B were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The growth of the boride layer Fe2B was examined using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The properties were mechanically evaluated, using a Vickers indenter with loads of 0.5 and 1 N, with a constant distance of 15 μm and 30 μm. To determine the fracture toughness (Kc) and the adherence of the boride layer Fe2B, the Rockwell C test method (VDI 3198) was used. The morphology present in the boride Fe2B layer showed a smooth flat, whit ranged thickness from 13.96 ± 1.61 μm to 79.86 ± 4.13 μm. The presence of boride Fe2B layers of steel substrate was confirmed by XRD and the distribution of alloying elements by Energy Disperses for Spectroscopy (EDS). The hardness of the boride layers Fe2B ranged from 157 9± 17 to 1875 ± 25 HV. The fracture toughness of boride Fe2B layer observed ranged from 4.15 to 4.75 MPam1/2. The boride layer has a scale delamination H3 to H6. The boride layers formed in the surface have the function to increase the service life of W2 steels used in the industry.

Fracture Indentation on AISI 1018 Borided Steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 449 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Campos-Silva ◽  
M. Ortíz-Domínguez ◽  
E. Hernández-Sánchez ◽  
D. Bravo-Bárcenas ◽  
O. Bravo-Bárcenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
Iron Boride ◽  
Fracture Testing ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Boriding Process ◽  
Palmqvist Crack

Fracture indentation was applied to estimate the fracture toughness of AISI 1018 borided steels. The Fe2B hard layers were formed using the powder-pack boriding process for two temperatures with 4 and 8 h of exposure times. The fracture toughness of the iron boride layer of the AISI 1018 borided steels was estimated using a Vickers microindentation induced-fracture testing at distances of 15 and 30 m from the surface, applying four loads (0.49, 0.98, 1.96 and 2.9 N). The microcracks generated at the corners of the Vickers microindentation were considered as experimental parameters, which are introduced in a Palmqvist crack model to determine their corresponding fracture toughness KC. As a result, the experimental parameters, such as exposure time and boriding temperature are compared with the resulting fracture toughness of the borided phase.

Synthesis and characterization of TiN / Ti / AISI 410 coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
S Chirino ◽  
Jaime Diaz ◽  
N Monteblanco ◽  
E Valderrama
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Photoemission Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Columnar Grains ◽  
Tin Thin Films ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Interacting Surfaces ◽  
Stainless Steel Aisi

The synthesis and characterization of Ti and TiN thin films of different thicknesses was carried out on a martensitic stainless steel AISI 410 substrate used for tool manufacturing. The mechanical parameters between the interacting surfaces such as thickness, adhesion and hardness were measured. By means of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) the superficial morphology of the Ti/TiN interface was observed, finding that the growth was of columnar grains and by means of EDAX the existence of titanium was verified.  Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) it was possible to observe the presence of residual stresses (~ -3.1 GPa) due to the different crystalline phases in the coating. Under X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) it was possible to observe the molecular chemical composition of the coating surface, being Ti-N, Ti-N-O and Ti-O the predominant ones.

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3-TiC-ZrO2 Ceramic Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1031-1035
Author(s):  
Wei Min Liu ◽  
Xing Ai ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Yong Hui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Al2O3-TiC-ZrO2ceramic composites (ATZ) were fabricated by hot-pressed sintering. The phases and microstructure of the composites were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relative density and mechanical properties (flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vicker’s hardness) of the composites were tested. The results show that the microstructure of the composites was the gray core-white rim. With the increase of sintering temperature, the relative density and mechanical properties of the composites increased first and then decreased. The composite sintered at 1705°C has the highest synthetical properties, and its relative density, flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness are 98.3%,970MPa,6.0 MPa•m1/2and 20.5GPa, respectively.

Formation of boride layers on a commercially pure Ti surface produced via powder metallurgy

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Yavuz Kaplan ◽  
Mehmet Gülsün ◽  
Sinan Aksöz
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Titanium Boride ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Boriding Process

Abstract In this study, powder metallurgy was applied in a furnace atmosphere to form titanium boride layers on a commercially pure Ti surface. Experiments were carried out using the solid-state boriding method at 900 °C and 1000°C for 12 h and 24 h. Samples were produced by pressing the commercially pure Ti powders under 870 MPa. The sintering process required by the powder metallurgy method was carried out simultaneously with the boriding process. Thus, the sintering and boriding were performed in one stage. The formation of the boride layer was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, optical-light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental dispersion spectrometry analyses. In addition, microhardness measurements were performed to examine the effect of the boriding process on hardness. The Vickers microhardness of the boronized surface reached 1773 HV, which was much higher than the 150 HV hardness of the commercially pure Ti substrate. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the boriding process had enabled the formation of TiB and TiB2 on the powder metallurgy Ti substrate surface. Consequently, the production of Ti via powder metallurgy is a potentially cost-effective alternative to the conventional method, and the boriding process supplies TiB and TiB2 that provide super-high hardness and excellent wear and corrosion resistance.

Mechanical Behavior of the Cr3C2 Compound at High Pressure and High Temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 1187-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li Jiang ◽  
Zi Li Kou ◽  
De Jiang Ma ◽  
Yong Kun Wang ◽  
Chun Xia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Heat Preservation

In the present study, we present a novel method to sinter Cr3C2 powders under high pressure without any addittives. The sintering Cr3C2 samples were charaterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), relative density measurements, Vicker’s hardness tests and Fracture toughness tests. The reasults show that Cr3C2 powders could be sintered to be bulk under the conditions of 3-5 GPa, 800-1200 °C and the heat preservation for 15 min. Moreover, the sintering body of Cr3C2 compound with the relative density of 99.84% by simultaneously tuning the pressure-temperature conditions exhibited excellent mechanical properties: a Vickers hardness of 20.3 GPa and a fracture toughness of ~8.9 MPam1/2. These properties were much higher than that by using the previous methods. The temperature condition obtained good mechanical properties in the experiment was about 1/3 lower than that using any other methods owing to the high pressure.

X-Ray Residual Stress Measurement on Stress Corrosion Fracture Surfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tsuda ◽  
Yukio Hirose ◽  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fracture Surfaces

X-ray fractography is a new method utilizing the X-ray diffraction technique to observe the fracture surface for the analysis of the micromechanisms and mechanics of fracture. X-ray residual stress has been confirmed to be a particularly useful parameter when studying the fracture surfaces of high strength steels. The method has been applied to the fracture surface of fracture toughness and fatigue specimens.

X-ray Residual Stress Measurement on Fracture Surface of Stress Corrosion Cracking

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tsuda ◽  
Yukic Hirose ◽  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

X-ray fractography is a new method utilizing the X-ray diffraction technique to observe the fracture surface for the analysis of the micromechanisms and mechanics of fracture. The X-ray residual stress has been confirmed to be a particularly useful parameter when studying the fracture surfaces of high strength steels. The method has been applied to the fracture surface of fracture toughness and fatigue specimens.

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