Pyrometallurgical Processing of Copper-Smelting Slags

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Stadnichenko ◽  
Edis B. Ten ◽  
Vladimir N. Krasnov ◽  
Eugeniy A. Shangin ◽  
Vladimir A. Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slag Composition ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Metallic Part ◽  
Pyrometallurgical Processing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Slag Processing

t is considered an actuality and problems of the Copper-smelting slags processing. It is formulated the demands, which the slag processing technology must to conform. It is given the ground for preferableness of the pyrometallurgical method, which it is caused the next factors: a) variety of slag composition, forming on the Copper founding plants and b) necessity of its selective proceeding with using the individual technology regimes. It is offered the two stage technology for Copper slag pyrometallurgical processing, which allows to extract from slag the metallic part during the separating smelting, and during the reducing smelting to extract the metallic components from nonmetallic part, where its presents at the chemical combined condition. It is presented the experimental dates about output of metal during the every smelting stage and the kinetic of reducing extraction.

scholarly journals Influence of Slag Composition on the Distribution Behavior of Cu between Liquid Sulfide and Cu-Containing Multicomponent Slag via Thermodynamic and Kinetic Assessment

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Seung-Hwan Shin ◽  
Sun-Joong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Thermodynamic Data ◽  
Slag Composition ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Liquid Sulfide ◽  
Copper Loss ◽  
Kinetic Assessment ◽  
Coupled Reactions ◽  
Smelting Slag

At present, copper smelting slag is not effectively recycled and is wasted. Copper smelting slag contains FexO at more than 40 mass%. For the utilization of copper slag as a Fe resource, it is necessary to separate the Cu in the slag. For copper recycling from slag, FeS-based matte can be introduced to use sulfurization to concentrate Cu from the slag into the sulfide and finally recover the copper. In a previous paper, a kinetic model was developed to simulate the coupled reactions between the multicomponent slag and FeS-based matte by using previously reported thermodynamic data. Building on this work, we carried out equilibrium experiments to supplement the thermodynamic data used in the previously developed model. An empirical formula for the Cu2O activity coefficient of Cu2O-FeOX-CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3 system slag was obtained. In addition, the effect of alumina content in the slag on the Cu2O activity coefficient in the slag was investigated. The model was also supplemented to account for MgO solubility. By the developed model and the industrial conditions, we investigated the effect of slag composition on the behavior of Cu between matte and Cu2O-FeOX-CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3 system slag for the copper loss.

DOES TRUST PROMOTE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY?

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (05) ◽  
pp. 1385-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
KITAE SOHN ◽  
ILLOONG KWON
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Trust was found to promote entrepreneurship in the US. We investigated whether this was true in a developing country, Indonesia. We failed to replicate this; this failure was true whether trust was estimated at the individual or community level or whether ordinary least squares (OLS) or two stage least squares (2SLS) was employed. We reconciled the difference between our results and those for the US by arguing that the weak enforcement of property rights in developing countries and the consequent hold-up problem make it more efficient for entrepreneurs to produce generic goods than relationship-specific goods—producing generic goods does not depend on trust.

Partitioning Contrast or Luminance Disparity into Perceived Intensity and Rotation

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hetley ◽  
Wm Wren Stine
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Rectangular Wave ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Simple Difference ◽  
Intensity Contrast

AbstractWhile most of the work on stereopsis focuses on geometric disparities, humans also respond to intensity (contrast or luminance) disparities in the absence of geometric disparities. A rectangular-wave grating viewed with an intensity disparity engenders two perceptions: a perceived intensity, and a perceived rotation of the individual bars of the grating (the Venetian blind effect). Measuring perceived intensity and perceived rotation in gratings with intensity disparities, we found that the two degrees of freedom from the intensities presented to each eye are conserved in the form of two perceptions: perceived intensity is related to the sum of the grating intensities and perceived rotation is related to the difference. Perceived rotation as a function of intensity disparity was then modeled as a simple difference in the neural response of each eye. Perceived contrast and brightness as a function of intensity disparity were modeled using the two-stage gain-control model.

scholarly journals Research on the Effect of Cooper Slag as a Fine Aggregate on the Properties of Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 619-623
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Copper Recovery ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Fine Aggregate

Copper slag is a rough blasting grit or a by-product acquired by the process of copper smelting and refining. These copper slags are recycled for copper recovery. In this paper, we analysed copper slag’s feasibility and evaluate its total competence in M25 grade concrete. In this observation, a concrete mixture is applied with copper slag as a fine aggregate ranging from 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% respectively. The strength of copper slag’s implementation is accomplished on the basis of concrete’s flexural strength, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. From the obtained results, in concrete 40% percentage of copper slag is used as sand replacement. On 28 days, the modulus of elasticity increased up to 32%, the compressive strength increased up to 34% and flexural strength is increased to 6.2%. From this experiment, it is proved technically that replacing sand using copper slag as a fine mixture in M25 grade concrete.

scholarly journals EXAMINING GENDER AND NATIONALITY BIAS IN DECISION-MAKING BY ENGINEERING STUDENT TEAMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Ostafichuk ◽  
Masoud Malakoutian ◽  
Mahsa Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Team Decision Making ◽  
Incorrect Answer ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nationality Differences

This study uses two-stage team quizzes to assess differences in team decision-making based on the factors gender and nationality.  Over 200 teams in two different engineering design courses delivered using Team-Based Learning across five years were considered.  In the two-stage quizzes, individuals first committed to their own answers, and then the team discussed the same questions and answered as a group.  Cases where an individual was incorrect and the team adopted that same incorrect answer were used as a measure of influence of that individual on team decision-making (i.e., “pushing” behaviour by the individual).  Similarly, cases where an individual was correct but the team adopted a different (incorrect) answer were used as a measure of lack of influence (i.e., “switching” behaviour by the individual).  Overall, no significant gender or nationality differences were found in pushing behaviours.  Male students and international students were found to be more likely to engage in switching behaviours.  The overall differences in switching were modest (0.3-0.4% difference per question), but this translates to between 5 and 15 more male/international students engaging in switching behaviours in a typical 75- to 150-student course.

Efficient removal of arsenic from copper smelting wastewater in form of scorodite using copper slag

2020 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 122428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongkui Li ◽  
Xing Zhu ◽  
Xianjin Qi ◽  
Bo Shu ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Slag ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic ◽  
Smelting Wastewater

Removal and immobilization of arsenic from copper smelting wastewater using copper slag by in situ encapsulation with silica gel

2020 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
pp. 124833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongkui Li ◽  
Xing Zhu ◽  
Xianjin Qi ◽  
Bo Shu ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Smelting Wastewater

The Staged Nature of Decision Making among Senior Tourists

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Nicolau ◽  
Nieves Losada ◽  
Elisa Alén ◽  
Trinidad Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Decision Stage ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

This article builds on the idea that senior tourists’ decision making is a staged process in which the different choices are sequential, interrelated, and interdependent. These decisions are “whether to take a vacation," “whether to opt for an international trip," “whether to use an organized tour," and “whether to use publicly subsidized travel.” Considering the social character of many trips offered to seniors, the fourth decision of the proposed process makes it unique. No research has empirically considered using a staged decision making in the context of senior travelers, and the proposed model quantifies the effect of each variable based on the decision the individual is dealing with; also, the way a variable changes its effect even within the same decision stage depending on the individual is analyzed by including heterogeneity into the modeling. The results find that senior tourists follow the proposed four-staged decision-making process rather than the basic two-stage decision-making process.

In Search of a Unified Definition of Organisational Political Behaviour: Evidence for a Multi-Level Approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Charmine E. J. Härtel ◽  
Melissa E. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organisational Politics

AbstractDespite thousands of years of interest, there is no standardised definition of organisational politics. This paper attempts to integrate different accounts of organisational politics through the development of a multi-level definition. A two-stage field study showed that political activities observed in the workplace can be fully captured by defining organisational politics relative to organisational efficiency at the level of the organisation, the group and the individual.

scholarly journals Critical Metals Ga, Ge and In: Experimental Evidence for Smelter Recovery Improvements

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri Avarmaa ◽  
Lassi Klemettinen ◽  
Hugh O’Brien ◽  
Pekka Taskinen ◽  
Ari Jokilaakso
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Secondary Copper Smelting

High-tech metals, including Ga, Ge and In, are critical for the performance of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). None of these three metals exist in mineable levels in natural minerals, and thus their availability and production are dependent on the primary and secondary base metals (including Zn, Al and Cu) production. To secure the supply of high-tech metals in the future, their behavior, including distribution coefficients (LCu/s = [wt% M]in copper/(wt% M)in slag), in primary and secondary processes need to be characterized. This study reports three series of copper-slag distribution experiments for Ga, Ge and In in simulated secondary copper smelting and refining process conditions (T = 1300 °C, pO2 = 10−9–10−5 atm) using a well-developed drop–quench technique followed by EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses. This study shows how an analytical technique more traditionally applied to the characterization of ores or minerals can also be applied to metallurgical process investigation. The LA-ICP-MS analysis was used for the first time for measuring the concentrations of these minor elements in metallurgical glasses, i.e., slags, and the results were compared to the geological literature. The distribution coefficient of indium increased as a function of decreasing oxygen partial pressure from 0.03 to 10, whereas the distribution coefficient of gallium was 0.1 at 10−9 atm and decreased as the pO2 increased. The concentrations of gallium in slags were between 0.4 and 0.6 wt% and germanium around 1 ppm. Germanium was vaporized almost entirely from the samples.

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