Effects of Ball Milling Time on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Cu90Al10 Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 663-666
Author(s):  
C.J. Li ◽  
G. Chen ◽  
Q. Yuan ◽  
J. Tan ◽  
L. Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Powder Particle Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

Nanostructured Cu90Al10 alloy powders were prepared by high energy ball milling mechanical alloying (MA). Up to 10 at.% Al could be dissolved into copper by mechanical alloying at room temperature. Effects of milling time on phase transformation, structural characteristics, and mechanical property of powders were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Optical Microscopy (OM) and microhardness tester. The results show: with increasing the milling time, the powder particle size increased gradually, and then it tended to be homogeneous. The grain size of the alloy decreased gradually, but the yield strength increased with the extension of the ball milling. After 30h milling, the grain size reached the minimum value of 9 nm, and the yield strength obtained the maximum value of 511 MPa.

Nickel Silicides Synthesized by High Energy Ball Milling

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1625-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Shun Ji ◽  
Qin Ma ◽  
Tie Ming Guo ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Jian Gang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microstructure Morphology ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The high energy ball milling of Ni-50 atom % Si elemental powder mixtures was carried out using a planetary mill. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phase evolutions during the high energy ball milling period. The microstructure morphology of the powders milled different time was determined by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The beginning time of mechanical alloying was determined by back scattered electrons (BSE) images. The XRD patterns showed that the nickel peaks intensity and the silicon peaks intensity obviously decreased with milling time increased to 1 hour. BSE images revealed that nickel and silicon powders were not blended uniformly for 1 hour of milling. It was found that NiSi formed as the milling time increased to 5 hours, simultaneously, the nickel peaks and the silicon peaks almost disappeared. That means the obvious mechanical alloying started from 5 hours of milling. BSE images agreed with the result analyzed from XRD patterns. With the milling time further increased from 10 to 75 hours, the NiSi peaks decreased gradually, at the same time, the Ni2Si peaks appeared and then increased gradually.

THE EFFECT OF Mn ON α TO γ TRANSFORMATION IN THE NANOSTRUCTURED HIGH NITROGEN Fe-Cr-Mn STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCED BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
FARIBA TEHRANI ◽  
MOHAMMAD HASAN ABBASI ◽  
MOHAMMAD ALI GOLOZAR ◽  
MASOUD PANJEPOUR
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this study, the effect of Mn on α to γ transformation in the nanostructured high nitrogen Fe -18 Cr - xMn stainless steel produced by mechanical alloying (MA) was investigated. MA was performed under nitrogen atmosphere using a high-energy planetary ball mill. X- ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of produced samples showed that α to γ transformation starts after 20 hours of milling and propagates by increasing the milling time. Completion of this phase transformation occurred in the Fe -18 Cr -8 Mn sample after 100 hours of milling. But, in the Fe -18 Cr -7 Mn sample, some α phase remained even after 150 hours of milling. Also, nitrogen analysis revealed that nitrogen solubility in the milled powders increased significantly by increasing the milling time, and ultimately reached 1wt%. This is believed to be due to the increase of the lattice defects and development of nanostructure through MA. Variations in grain size and internal lattice strain versus milling time in both cases showed that the critical ferrite grain size for austenite nucleation was lower than 10nm. Moreover, a lower transformation rate was found in samples containing lower Mn content.

The Synthesis of Cu0.81Ni0.19 Intermetallics by Mechanical Alloying

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 379-382
Author(s):  
Rui Song Yang ◽  
Ming Tian Li ◽  
Chun Hai Liu ◽  
Xue Jun Cui ◽  
Yong Zhong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Elemental Powder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scherrer Equation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Cu0.81Ni0.19 has been synthesized directly from elemental powder of nickel and copper by mechanical alloying. The alloyed Cu0.81Ni0.19 alloy powders are prepared by milling of 8h. The grain size calculated by Scherrer equation of the NiCu alloy decreased with the increasing of milling time. The end-product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Appropriate Conditions for Preparation of Nanosized WO3 through High-Energy-Milling

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 665-668
Author(s):  
Chun Huan Chen ◽  
Rui Ming Ren
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Energy Milling ◽  
Transmission Electron

In order to synthesize WC-Co nanopowders through an integrated mechanical and thermal activation process, WO3-Co2O3-C nanopowders need to be obtained first. It is critical how to obtain the WO3-Co2O3-C nanopowders efficiently. The effect of processing parameters on the grain size during high-energy-milling of WO3-Co2O3-C mixed powders was studied via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the grain size of reactants can be effectively decreased with increasing the milling time, rotation speed, and charge ratio. After a certain time milling, both WO3 and C powders achieve nano-level in grain size and mixed homogeneously. The appropriate milling parameters for fabricating nanosized WO3+C+Co2O3 powders are suggested to be 4 to 8 hours of milling time, 400 RPM of rotation speed, and 40:1 to 60:1 of charge ratio.

Mechanically Driven Alloying and Magnetic Properties in Immiscible Mn80Bi20 Nanocrystalline Powders

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Qun Jiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Solid Solubility ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The paper has described the formation of nanocrystalline Mn80Bi20powders by mechanical alloying and studied the changes of structure and magnetic properties of the powders during the process of ball milling by using X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization σsmeasurements. The solid solubility of bismuth in manganese increases with milling time and tends to a stable value after 80h milling. The σsof Mn80Bi20increases abruptly with milling time at the early stage and begins to decrease after 15h. At the time of 15h, the σsreaches a maximum, which is about 7Am2/kg. The result shows an interesting information that the antiferromagnetic Mn and the diamagnetic Bi produce ferromagnetic Mn80Bi20in process of mechanical alloying.

Different Cr Contents in Nanostructured Fe-Ni-Cr Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi He ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Jian Liang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Milling Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fe-Ni-Cr alloy powders with the different components were prepared by Mechanical Alloying (MA). The phase structure, grain size, micro-strain and lattice distortion were determined with X-ray diffraction. The morphology and particle size of the powders were observed and analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the Fe-Ni-Cr nanocrystalline powders could be obtained by MA. The ball milling time could be reduced with increasing amount of Cr, resulting the formation of Fe-Ni-Cr powders. With the increasing amount of Cr, the speed of Ni diffusion to Fe lattice approaching saturation became more rapid. The particle size got smaller as the ball milling went further; the extent of micro-strain and distortion of lattice intensified; the solid solubility of Ni and Cr in Fe was increased. Finally the super-saturated solid solution of Fe was obtained.

Microstructural Transformations of an Amorphous Fe90 Zr10 Alloy Induced by High-Energy Ball-Milling

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 698-701
Author(s):  
Pyuck Pa Choi ◽  
Young Soon Kwon ◽  
Ji Soon Kim ◽  
Dae Hwan Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Induced Crystallization

Mechanically induced crystallization of an amorphous Fe90Zr10 alloy was studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Under high-energy ball-milling in an AGO-2 mill, melt-spun Fe90Zr10 ribbons undergo crystallization into BCC α- Fe(Zr). Zr atoms are found to be solved in the Fe(Zr) grains up to a maximum supersaturation of about 3.5 at.% Zr, where it can be presumed that the remaining Zr atoms are segregated in the grainboundaries. The decomposition degree of the amorphous phase increases with increasing milling time and intensity. It is proposed that the observed crystallization is deformation-induced and rather not attribute to local temperature rises during ball-collisions.

The Investigation of Structural and Magnetic Properties at High-Temperature of Nanostructured Fe90-Mg10 Alloys Produced by Mechanical Alloying

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
A. El Mohri ◽  
M. Zergoug ◽  
K. Taibi ◽  
M. Azzaz
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Energy Ball Mill ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
The Mean

Nanocrystalline Fe90Mg10 alloy samples were prepared by mechanical alloying process using planetary high energy ball mill. The prepared powders were characterized using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) at high temperature, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Obtained results are discussed according to milling time. XRD at high temperature results also indicated that when the milling time increases, the lattice parameter and the mean level of grain size increase, whereas the microstrains decrease. The result of the observation by the TEM of the Fe-Mg powders prepared in different milling time, coercive fields derived and Saturation magnetization derived from the hysteresis curves in high temperature are discussed as a function of milling time.

Spark Plasma Sintering of High-Energy Ball-Milled ZrB2 and HfB2 Powders with 20vol% SiC

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 1990-1995
Author(s):  
Naidu V. Seetala ◽  
Cyerra L. Prevo ◽  
Lawrence E. Matson ◽  
Thomas S. Key ◽  
Ilseok I. Park
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Ball Milling Time

ZrB2 and HfB2 with incorporation of SiC are being considered as structural materials for elevated temperature applications. We used high energy ball milling of micron-size powders to increase lattice distortion enhanced inter-diffusion to get uniform distribution of SiC and reduce grain growth during Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). High-energy planetary ball milling was performed on ZrB2 or HfB2 with 20vol% SiC powders for 24 and 48 hrs. The particle size distribution and crystal micro-strain were examined using Dynamic Light Scattering Technique and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. XRD spectra were analyzed using Williamson-Hall plots to estimate the crystal micro-strain. The particle size decreased, and the crystal micro-strain increased with the increasing ball milling time. The SPS consolidation was performed at 32 MPa and 2,000°C. The SEM observation showed a tremendous decrease in SiC segregation and a reduction in grain size due to high energy ball milling of the precursor powders. Flexural strength of the SPS consolidated composites were studied using Four-Point Bend Beam test, and the micro-hardness was measured using Vickers micro-indenter with 1,000 gf load. Good correlation is observed in SPS consolidated ZrB2+SiC with increased micro-strain as the ball milling time increased: grain size decreased (from 9.7 to 3.2 μm), flexural strength (from 54 to 426 MPa) and micro-hardness (from 1528 to 1952 VHN) increased. The correlation is less evident in HfB2+SiC composites, especially in micro-hardness which showed a decrease with increasing ball milling time.

Microstructures and Functional Group Properties of Nano-Sized Chitosan Prepared by Ball Milling

2019 ◽  
Vol 948 ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Kartika Sari ◽  
Edi Suharyadi ◽  
Roto Roto ◽  
Kamsul Abraha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Nano-sized chitosan has been prepared by ball mill (High Energy Milling) with 1500 rpm to determine itsgrainz size and functional group. A nanopowder sample was prepared in the various milling time of the precusor. The milling time were 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)images indicated that the microstructures and grain size of as-prepared chitosan changed by increasing the milling time. The average of grain size is 15,1 nm. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectra showedthat the -OH bond shifted after milling process. The new C=O roups formedduring the milling process, because of the ordered microstructures in the nano-sized chitosan granules weredestroyed after ball millingThe surface area of the nano-sized chitosan was high, the particles tend to agglomerate since the ionic electrostatic could not prevent to form the agglomeration. The ball milling treatment was an effective method to reduce the grain size of chitosan, and functional groups will not automatically change during the milling process.

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