The Research of Negative Ion Test Method for Fabric

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 138-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Sen Sun ◽  
Bo Qiu ◽  
Qing Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Testing Device ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Functional Textiles ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

We developed a device for automatic closed friction and analyzed its test results in this paper, which showed the influence factors in the test methods of textile negative ion occurrence amounts. The textile negative ion occurrence amounts in different time stages were tested in this process; the analysis of its influence of temperature and humidity has certain reference significance for improving testing device for testing textile negative ion concentration, on the basis, functional textiles were also studied. Finally, we put forward the influence factors in the test methods of textile negative ion occurrence amounts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bleeding Resistance in Chip Seal and Asphalt Emulsion Residue Rheology

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Preeda Chaturabong
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Asphalt Emulsions

Chip seal bleeding is influenced by many factors, including design inputs, material properties, and project-specific conditions. It reduces the surface texture of the pavement and thus compromises the safety of the traveling public. Even though factors that bring about premature bleeding are known, currently, no laboratory test methods for evaluating bleeding in chip seals have been specified. The objective of this paper is to present the results of an investigation of the influence factors of asphalt emulsion residue properties measured by the ASTM D7405 multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test, as well as other factors related to chip seal bleeding resistance as measured by the modified loaded wheel test (MLWT). In this study, the MSCR test was used as a tool for evaluating the performance of asphalt emulsions because it has been identified as a potential test related to bleeding in the field. In addition, MLWT was selected as a tool for evaluating chip seal bleeding performance in the laboratory. The results of the MLWT showed that the emulsion application rate (EAR), aggregate gradation, and emulsion properties were significant factors affecting bleeding. The MSCR test was found to be a promising tool for the performance evaluation of asphalt emulsion residue, as the test was able to differentiate between emulsion chemistries and modifications in terms of sensitivity to both temperature and stress. In relation to chip seal bleeding resistance, only the creep compliance (Jnr) obtained from the MSCR test results was identified as a significant property affecting potential for bleeding.

Experimental Research on Vibration Characteristics of Laminated Composite Cantilever Beam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Xiaobin Li ◽  
Hongxi Li
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Vibration Characteristics ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
Vibration Test ◽  
Test Results

Abstract In this paper, the vibration characteristics of laminated composite cantilever beam is taken as the research object. Firstly, a vibration formula specific for laminated composite cantilever beam is derived, from which the low order natural frequency of laminated composite cantilever beam is calculated; Secondly, two experimental methods, electrical and optical measurement, are used to study the vibration characteristics of laminated composite cantilever beam, and the influence of different test methods, sensor types, number of measuring points and excitation methods on the test results are analyzed. Through the combination of theory and experiment, a test method that can be applied to the vibration test of composite material laminated structure cantilever beam is obtained. Based on the laser vibration measurement method in the optical method, the results show that the deviation between the experimental data and the theoretical solution is the smallest when the distance between the probe and the specimen is 0.5m and the sampling time is 5s by using the optical fiber vibrometer. The research content of this article can provide a reasonable reference for related vibration test research.

Methods to Evaluate Cleaners and Sanitizers

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 1257-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALE L. SCHEUSNER
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Cellulose Sponge ◽  
Equivalent Test ◽  
Recovery Methods

Methods to evaluate germicides can be grouped into three categories: standard laboratory tests, in-use tests and simulated-use tests. Standard laboratory methods, such as the Available Chlorine Germicidal Equivalent test, are specifically defined for reproducibility in any laboratory by any operator, but the test results often lack relevance to actual product-use conditions. In-use test methods are relevant to product-use; however, in-use test procedures do not permit proper controls to be included in the organism recovery methods. Contact plates give an estimate of organism numbers which is only 25% of the theoretical number of organisms present. Organism recovery using a swab, cellulose sponge or tube sampler give estimates of organisms ranging from 91 to 111% of theoretical. The tube sampler is a 1-in. length of flexible tubing having a 1-in. interior diameter and a smooth end, which can make a water-tight seal on a flat surface. Simulated use testing yields data which are relevant to actual product-use. A cafeteria tray is soiled, inoculated and cleaned in a manner to simulate actual product-use. This test method permits the necessary controls to be used. Tray-test reproducibility is as good as that of the other recovery methods tested and organism recovery is quantitative. The tray test provides a means for determining biological cleaning where the effect of both cleaning and germicidal activity are measured together.

Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Headed Studs in Tensile Concrete Slab

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Wen Qi Hou ◽  
Mei Xin Ye ◽  
Ye Zhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Steel Girder ◽  
Push Out ◽  
Main Influence

Abstract. In the presented paper, reverse push-out test method was put forward and applied in the ultimate bearing capacity experiments of studs with concrete slab in tension. Ultimate bearing capacity experiments were carried out on 22 reverse push-out specimens composed of C50 or C40 concrete, 14MnNbq steel girder and Φ22studs. Results showed that ultimate bearing capacity of studs, pu, in tensile concrete slab is controlled by concrete failur, concrete strength, studs arragement and reinforcement ratio are the main influence factors of pu. Compared with that in compressive concrete, pu of Φ22 studs in tensile concrete is reduced about 30% averagely. According to the test results, a fitted load-slip relationship curve and a regression formula of pu for studs in tensile concrete were put forward, calculated results were in good agreement with the test results.

scholarly journals Performance characteristics of polymerase chain reaction and histological methods for the detection of Haplosporidium nelsoni in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nellie Gagné ◽  
Anne Veniot ◽  
Mary Stephenson ◽  
Carol McClure
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fitness For Purpose ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Fitness for purpose and validation are increasingly becoming a benchmark in the development of test methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases in aquatic animals. The design of the evaluation and the analysis of data are critical to demonstrate test method performance characteristics and fitness for purpose, as stated in the World Organization for Animal Health pathway for test validation. Three test methods for the detection of the oyster parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni were selected for the validation study described herein: histology, end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR (qPCR). Preliminary work evaluated the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the PCR and qPCR assay in development. The following stage used test results on 100 oysters in 3 different laboratories to assess diagnostic sensitivity (DSe), diagnostic specificity (DSp), repeatability, and reproducibility. Repeatability and reproducibility were within 68–95%. The final part of the project evaluated DSe and DSp using test results on 400 oysters and results from the first 100 oysters tested. In the absence of a 100% gold standard test, latent class modeling methods were explored to characterize the tests (i.e., Bayesian analyses). For both PCR methods, DSe was >90%, and in the 60% range for histology, whereas DSp was >90% for all methods. Based on the results of this validation, a threshold cycle value of 30 for qPCR corresponds to the limit of sensitivity for histology where unreliable detection becomes more frequent, thus providing a threshold helpful in diagnostic settings where both histology and qPCR are used.

Transient Methods of Thermal Properties Measurement on Fibrous Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuo Lei ◽  
Sukang Zhu ◽  
Ning Pan
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Transient Methods ◽  
Transfer Properties

Fibrous material is a complex porous medium and steady test methods are the main test approaches we currently depend on to study the heat transfer properties. The application of unsteady test methods on fibrous material is still not mature. In this paper, some systematic studies are taken to investigate this problem. By analyzing the main factors impacting the test results, it is found that the local heat convection potentially excited by imposing test temperature can be avoided by limiting the internal temperature gradient and the so-called dual-phase lagging effects are negligible so that the feasibility of the unsteady test method is verified via both theoretical analysis and experimental data.

scholarly journals THE ESTIMATION PROBLEMS OF THE FIRE HAZARD FOR VERTICALLY ORIENTED BUILDING PRODUCTS/VERTIKALIAI ORIENTUOTŲ STATYBINIŲ GAMINIŲ GAISRINIO PAVOJINGUMO ĮVERTINIMO PROBLEMOS

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertas Nyderis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Building Products

The Directive of new approach 89/106/EEC, which was prepared by Directorate General of the European Commission (DG III), defines the guidelines for development of fire protection in building construction. Six main directions for development of fire protection are defined in this Directive as well. Solid materials are most numerous among building products. Therefore a brief analysis of combustion process of these materials is presented in this article. F.Williams developed the theoretical principles of combustion. Phase transitions in the zone of combustion are analyzed in the theory. Formulas 1–4 describe this process. The process of combustion of solid materials is heterogeneous; therefore the model of pyrolysis is presented by 5 formulas. An intricate energy exchange takes place in real fires. The heat is being transferred in different ways. The most acceptable description of heat transfer is by means of radiation. Description of this process is presented in formulas 6–7. The heat transfer by means of radiation can be modelled and used for environment testing. The combustibility of building products can be examined by means of reaction of fire tests. In recent years tests for different building products were carried out according to ISO 5657 test methodology in the Fire Research Centre. Test results indicate that the time to sustained surface ignition for building products is inversely proportional to heat flux. This logarithmic dependence is presented in 8 formulas. Establishment of parameters of this logarithmic flow for different building products can prove this. This work was carried out during the process of verification of this hypothesis. Analysis of fire testing practice of vertically oriented building products in different countries shows that harmonized fire test methods for these products do not exist. Most of these test methods are based on presumption that the flame spread is possible only inside the building not considering the behaviour of facade in fire. The main idea of fire test method for element of vertically oriented building construction together with the principal scheme of test equipment are presented in the article as well. Further development of this idea leads to five questions, which should be answered to solve the problem. After the completion of this task and analysis of test results, all the information is to be submitted for further consideration.

Discussion on the Biodegradation Performance of Foam Extinguishing Agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Liang Yang ◽  
Shuang Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Effective Evaluation ◽  
Method Selection ◽  
Environmental Treatment ◽  
Test Process ◽  
Biodegradation Test

Organic ingredients contained in foam extinguishing agent without environmental treatment may cause serious environmental pollution, so effective evaluation and management of such components are very necessary. In this paper principle and characteristics of OECD ready biodegradation test methods are compared, the feasibility of OECD method applied to environmental performance evolution of foam extinguishing agent is researched, and Matters needing attention in test method selection and influence factors in the test process are discussed considering the component characteristics of samples.

Experiment Study on the Durability of Geotechnical Prestressed Anchorage Structure under Cyclic Loading

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Feng Zhang ◽  
Xiu Guang Song ◽  
Yan Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Repetitive Loading ◽  
Failure Regularities ◽  
Loading Scheme

Based on the analysis of the pretension force influence factors for geotechnical prestressed anchorage cables that are used in a practical engineering, the cyclic loading characteristics of prestressed force long-term variation is revealed, and the conception of large and small cycles of prestressed force variety are also put forward. Based on these analysis, a device for the fatigue failure test and the corresponding test methods are manufactured and developed to analyze the durability problem of the inner bond section of prestressed anchorage structure under repetitive loading and cyclic loading. In the experiment, the means of indoor similar model test is adopted, in which the different loading scheme and loading amplitude were taken into account. According to the test results, the fatigue failure regularities of inner bond section for geotechnical prestressed anchorage structure are revealed.

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