Effective Controlled Method Adding Carbon into Molten Steel to Produce 55Q Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Molten Steel ◽  
Rail Steel ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Carbon Absorption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Solubility

It is very important to produce 55Q steel with the exact carbon content. Low and inconsistent carbon elemental recovery problems are often encountered when adding pig iron, or carbon powder into the baths of light rail steel. This is the case because carbon presents some of the following characteristics: lower density much more than the molten steel, low solubility in the liquid steel, high affinity due to oxygen. These circumstances lead to difficulties or risks, such as: poor or erratic recovery of alloying carbon element, violent and dangerous splashing, adverse environmental impact. To counter these problems existed in conventional method, carbon cored wire was prepared and wire injection process introduced in this work, and the effects of parameters such as feeding rate, etc on carbon recovery are investigated. The results show when using the carbon wire injection method, stable carbon addition is obtained, that is, the mean recovery of the carbon absorption is 90%, and what's more, the carbon content is under control accurately and environment improved.

Effective, Controlled Method to Add Sulfur into Molten Steel to Produce Free Cutting Steel for Automobile

2013 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Molten Steel ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sulfur Recovery ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Cutting Steel ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
The Mean

In order to produce required free-cutting steel billets for auto industry, it is necessary to provide steel with correct content of sulfur. Effective, controlled method adding sulfur is very important in the production of sulfur free-cutting steel of consistent microstructure and hence mechanical properties and machinability. Because traditional methods of adding sulfur in steel can not provide stable results and always cause environmental pollution problems, the sulfur cored wire injection process was introduced. Stable results were obtained, and effects of parameters such as feeding rate, etc on sulfur recovery are investigated. The experimental results show that the mean recovery of sulfur was 80%, the treatment time of adding sulfur was about 2 minutes, and the refining period was shortened. Favorable metallurgical achievements and economical benefits were gained.

Carbon Powder as Additive in Near-Net-Shaping of Mechanical Components through Warm Forming Route

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 948-952
Author(s):  
Mujibur M. Rahman ◽  
N.A.A.A. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Warm Forming ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Forming Temperature ◽  
Die Compaction ◽  
Mechanical Components ◽  
Near Net Shaping ◽  
Net Shaping

This paper presents the study of carbon powder as additive in near-net-shaping of mechanical components through warm forming route. Three design parameters, i.e., carbon content (wt %), forming temperature, and sintering schedule were investigated. Iron powder ASC 100.29 was mechanically mixed with different wt% of carbon and copper powder for 30 minutes to prepare the feedstock. Green compacts were then formed through uni-axial die compaction process at 30°C and 180oC. The defect-free green compacts were then sintered at 1000oC in an argon gas fired furnace at a heating/cooling rate of 5oC/minute for 30, 60, and 90 minutes, respectively. The green samples as well the sintered products were characterized through relative density measurement, radial shrinkage, and microstructure evaluation. The results revealed that excessive carbon content contributed adverse effect to the final quality of the products.

scholarly journals Volatilization Behavior of Manganese from Molten Steel with Different Alloying Methods in Vacuum

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Jianhua Chu ◽  
Yanping Bao
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Molten Steel ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Partial Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Carbon Ferromanganese ◽  
Volatilization Behavior

The volatilization loss of manganese during the vacuum smelting process is one of the key factors that determines the manufacturing cost and quality of manganese steel. In this study, the laboratory experiments and thermodynamic calculations were performed to investigate volatilization behavior of manganese from molten steels with different alloying methods in vacuum process. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, with the increase of manganese content, the partial vapor pressure of the manganese component increased, resulting in manganese being easily volatilized from molten steel. The carbon content in the steel shows an evident influence on partial vapor pressure of manganese component, and a higher carbon content in steel leads to a lower partial vapor pressure of manganese, but it not influenced by the silicon content. Compared with the alloying method of high carbon ferromanganese, the volatilization loss of manganese in the alloying method of silicon manganese presents faster decay, agreeing well with the thermodynamic analysis. Besides, the volatile fraction generated in the alloying method of high-carbon ferromanganese is composed of a large amount of MnO nanorods with a lateral length approximately 500 nm and a small number of Mn3O4/Mn nanoparticles with a diameter less than 500 nm. Additionally, the volatile fraction generated in the alloying method of silicon manganese shows Mn3O4 nanoparticles as the main phase. It can be inferred that the existence of the manganese oxide phase is attributed to the high chemical activity of nanoscale particles within air.

A Study of Reduced and Carburized Reactions in Dry-Milled WO3+Co3O4+C Mixed Powders with Different Carbon Content

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 1149-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoo Soon Im ◽  
Jah Mahn Hur ◽  
Wan Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Ar Gas

The dry-milling technique was used for mixing and crushing oxides and graphite powder to get homogeneous mixed powders. The weight ratio of ball-to-powder was 30:1 and argon gas was filled in jar. The carbon content was more 10~ 20wt% than the stoichiometric amount. The drymilling was carried for 20 hours. After milling, the mixed powders were reduced and carburized at 900~980°C for 3 hours flowing Ar gas in tube furnace. The dry-milled powders showed wide diffraction patterns of X-ray. The reactions of reduction and carburization were completed in 3 hours at 980°C. After the reactions, the mean size of WC particles was about 200 nm. The content of free carbon in WC/Co mixed powders decreased as the reaction temperature increased.

scholarly journals Solubility Determination of c-Met Inhibitor in Solvent Mixtures and Mathematical Modeling to Develop Nanosuspension Formulation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Maharjan Ravi ◽  
Tripathi Julu ◽  
Nam Ah Kim ◽  
Kyeung Eui Park ◽  
Seong Hoon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Effect Study ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Met Inhibitor ◽  
Solubility Determination ◽  
Low Solubility

The solubility and dissolution thermodynamics of new c-Met inhibitor, ABN401, were determined in eleven solvents and Transcutol® HP–water mixture (TWM) from 298.15 to 318.15 K. The experimental solubilities were validated using five mathematical models, namely modified Apelblat, van’t Hoff, Buchowski–Ksiazaczak λh, Yalkowsky, and Jouyban–Acree van’t Hoff models. The experimental results were correlated and utilized further to investigate the feasibility of nanosuspension formation using liquid anti-solvent precipitation. Thermodynamic solubility of ABN401 increased significantly with the increase in temperature and maximum solubility was obtained with Transcutol® HP while low solubility in was obtained water. An activity coefficient study indicated that high molecular interaction was observed in ABN401–Transcutol® HP (THP). The solubility increased proportionately as the mole fraction of Transcutol® HP increased in TWM, which was also supported by a solvent effect study. The result suggested endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution. Based on the solubility, nanosuspension was designed with Transcutol® HP as solvent, and water as anti-solvent. The mean particle size of nanosuspension decreased to 43.05 nm when the mole fraction of ABN401 in THP, and mole fraction of ABN401 in TWM mixture were decreased to 0.04 and 0.1. The ultrasonicated nanosuspension appeared to give comparatively higher dissolution than micronized nanosuspension and provide a candidate formulation for in vivo purposes.

Rare earth elements in self-shielded flux-cored wires and their effect on the weld toughing of U75V rail steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 2040054
Author(s):  
Jia Chen ◽  
Jiafan Ye ◽  
Guoqing Gou ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Rail Steel ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
New Type ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Cored Wires ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Addition Amount

Self-shielded flux-cored wire is a new type of welding material that has the advantages of outdoor and high-efficiency application, and it has been used widely for rail repair. A self-shielded flux-cored wire with high alkalinity and rare earth elements was taken for research, and the microstructure, inclusions, hardness and the impact toughness were studied. Rare earth elements could eliminate the oxygen and sulfur when they were added into the molten pool. The addition amount has been optimized to the range of 4% in the self-shielded flux-cored wire when used for rail repairing.

scholarly journals Unravelling the Potency of Activated Carbon Powder Derived from Cultivated Marine Microalgae as a Promising Filler in Mixed Matrix Membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Sukoyo ◽  
Gunomo Djoyowasito ◽  
Yusuf Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Marine Microalgae ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Matrix Membranes

Activated carbon-filled mixed matrix membranes were commonly used to enhance the separation performance of liquid or gas separation processes. Activated carbon is traditionally derived from agricultural crops such as coconut shells or wood biomass. Marine microalgae however have a great potential to produce powdered activated carbon. In this study, marine microalgae Chlorella vulgaris have been evaluated for their carbon content, and the 16.09% carbon content has potential to be employed as a raw material in manufacturing activated carbon powder. Dry microalgae were carbonized at a temperature of 500 °C for 30 min, at a constant increment rate of temperature of 10 °C per minute to produce microalgae charcoal. Chemically-based activation treatments using H3PO4 and ZnCl2 with concentrations of 10%, 30%, and 50%, respectively, assisted by microwave irradiation, have been used to prepare activated carbon. The properties of activated carbon powder were analyzed including yields, ash content, volatile substances, pure activated carbon content, absorption of iodine solution, surface area, and imaging of activated carbon using SEM-EDX. The best treatment characteristics were obtained using H3PO4 at a concentration of 50% with characteristics of 19.47% yield, 11.19% ash content, 31.92% volatile content, 56.89% pure activated carbon, 325.17 mg g−1 iodine absorption, and 109.273 m2 g−1 surface area based on the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, as well as a 5.5-nm average pore diameter. The SEM-EDX imaging results showed the formation of micropores on the surface of activated carbon, with carbon content reaching 72.31%; however, impurities could decrease the surface area and reduce the absorption performance of microalgae activated carbon.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF PARAMETRIC DESIGN IN PROJECT CONTAINING STEEL STRUCTURES: PARAMETRIC LIGHT‐RAIL STEEL BRIDGE

ce/papers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 767-772
Author(s):  
Peter Madsen Nordestgaard ◽  
Jesper Jensen ◽  
Peter Mortensen ◽  
Mikkel Wyrtz ◽  
Mantas Mikulenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Rail Steel ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Steel Bridge

Technology to Reducing the Oxygen Content in Coupler Castings

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 3180-3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Aluminum Wire ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Melting Period ◽  
Steel Castings ◽  
Wire Feeding ◽  
Low Solubility

t is very important to produce coupler steel castings with low oxygen content and the exact aluminum residuals. Low and inconsistent aluminum elemental recovery problems are often encountered when adding aluminum strips or lumps into the baths of 25MnCrNiMo steel. This is the case because aluminum presents some of the following characteristics: low melting point, lower density much more than the molten steel, low solubility in the liquid steel, high affinity due to oxygen. These circumstances lead to difficulties or risks, such as: poor or erratic recovery of alloying aluminum element, oxygen content in casting out of range, violent and dangerous splashing. To counter these problems existed in conventional method, aluminum wire injection process was introduced in this work, and the effects of aluminum wire feeding are investigated. The results show when using the aluminum wire injection, stable cleaner steel melt is obtained, i.e. oxygen content and the aluminum residuals are under control accurately, and what's more, the recovery of the aluminum is 95%. The treatment time was about 1 minute, and the melting period was shortened. Favorable metallurgical achievements and economical benefits were gained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document