Effect of Water Distribution Ways on the Operation of Solar Pond

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Chun Juan Gao ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xi Ping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Storage Zone ◽  
Small Model ◽  
Laboratory Tank ◽  
Salt Diffusion

An experimental study on the evolution of the salinity profiles in the salinity gradient solar ponds was executed using a small model pond. The body of the simulated pond is a cylindrical plastic tank, with 50 cm height and 45 cm diameter. The salinity gradient was established in the laboratory tank by using the salinity redistribution technique. The measurements were taken during a period of 20 days of experimentation. This period of time allowed the existence of salt diffusion from the storage zone to the surface. Results obtained from this study show that when the ratio of brine/water is 1/1, the salinity gradient layer can sustain a longer time and the lower convective zone is thicker, which is benefit to store solar energy.

Assessing the Maximum Stability of the Nonconvective Zone in a Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Abdullah ◽  
K. A. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Maximum Stability ◽  
Storage Zone ◽  
The Stability

The quality of the stability of the nonconvective zone of a salinity-gradient solar pond (SGSP) is investigated for an operating protocol in which the flushing procedure exactly compensates for evaporation losses from the solar pond and its associated evaporation pond. The mathematical model of the pond uses simplified, but accurate, constitutive expressions for the physical properties of aqueous sodium chloride. Also, realistic boundary conditions are used for the behaviors of the upper and lower convective zones (LCZs). The performance of a salinity-gradient solar pond is investigated in the context of the weather conditions at Makkah, Saudi Arabia, for several thickness of upper convective zone (UCZ) and operating temperature of the storage zone. Spectral collocation based on Chebyshev polynomials is used to assess the quality of the stability of the pond throughout the year in terms of the time scale for the restoration of disturbances in temperature, salinity, and fluid velocity underlying the critical eigenstate. The critical eigenvalue is found to be real and negative at all times of year indicating that the steady-state configuration of the pond is always stable, and suggesting that stationary instability would be the anticipated mechanism of instability. Annual profiles of surface temperature, salinity, and heat extraction are constructed for various combinations for the thickness of the upper convective zone and storage zone temperature.

The Influence of Height of LCZ on the Salinity Diffusion of Solar Pond

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1521-1524
Author(s):  
Chun Juan Gao ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Hai Hong Wu ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xi Ping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Salt Gradient ◽  
And Diffusion

The solar ponds with a surface of 0.3m2were filled with different concentration salt water and fresh water. The three layer’s structure of solar ponds was formed in the laboratory ponds by using the salinity redistribution. The performance and diffusion of salinity were xperimentally in the solar pond. The measurements were taken and recorded daily at various locations in the salt-gradient solar pond during a period of 30 days of experimentation. The experimental results showed that the salinity gradient layer can sustain a longer time when the lower convective zone is thicker, which is benefit to store solar energy. Therefore, properly increasing the height of LCZ is a good method to enhance the solar pond performance.

scholarly journals Investigation of saturation temperature in solar pond for different sizes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2905-2914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haci Sogukpinar ◽  
Ismail Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Temperature ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Discrete Ordinates ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Storage Zone ◽  
Zone Depth ◽  
Depth Ranges

This paper deals with the modelling of solar ponds for different sizes to calculate saturation time and temperature by using discrete ordinates method. The modeled solar pond is a subsoil type and aimed to minimize the heat losses by isolating side wall and ground with foam with the thickness of 10 cm in all cases. In the model, upper convective zone is 10 cm deep and non-convective zone consists of five layer and each layer is 10 cm deep and storage zone depth ranges from 40-400 cm. Therefore, the solar pond totally consists of seven layers. The saturation temperature was found to be about 322 K for 12 different solar pond. For a depth of 40 cm, the equilibrium temperature was reached in 1000 hours, 1300 hours for 60 cm, 1400 hours for 80 cm, 1500 hours for 100 cm, 1600 hours for 120 cm, 1750 hours for 1140 cm, 1800 hours for 180 cm, 2700 hours for 200 cm, 1800 hours for 250 cm, 3400 hours for 300 cm, and 6000 hours have passed for 400 cm. As the depth increases, time to reach to the equilibrium temperature increases but increment amount of water and time to reach equilibrium temperature shows a proportional increase. At the same time we calculated that, when we increase the width of the pond by keeping the depth constant, the saturation temperature and the time did not changed for the seven different cases.

Gradient-Zone Erosion by Extraction in Solar Ponds

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Estevadeordal ◽  
S. J. Kleis
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Density Difference ◽  
Finite Density ◽  
Gradient Zone ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Storage Zone

The erosion the dynamically stable gradient zone of a salinity-gradient solar pond, due to the extraction of fluid from the storage zone, is numerically investigated. The effects of fluid withdrawal rate, density stratification level, pond and diffuser geometries, and diffuser placement are considered. It is found, for a typical salinity-gradient solar pond with uniform salinity in the storage zone and a continuous salinity gradient above that a finite amount of fluid entrainment from the gradient zone is inevitable. That is, a finite density difference across the interface is always required for a finite extraction rate under steady-state conditions. The magnitude of the density difference is predicted as function of the geometric and flow parameters. From the results, it is possible to predict the total amount of fluid entrained from the gradient zone as the pond reaches steady-state for prescribed operating conditions.

El Paso Solar Pond

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanmin Lu and ◽  
Andrew H. P. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Bureau Of Reclamation ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Brine Management

The El Paso Solar Pond, a research, development, and demonstration project operated by the University of Texas at El Paso, is a salinity-gradient solar pond with a surface area of 3,000 m2 and a depth of 3.2 m. The pond utilizes an aqueous solution of predominantly sodium chloride (NaCl). The surface convective zone, main gradient zone, and bottom convective zone are approximately 0.6 m, 1.4 m, and 1.2 m, respectively. The project, located on the property of Bruce Foods, Inc., was initiated in 1983 in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Since then, the El Paso Solar Pond has successfully developed a series of technologies for solar pond operation and maintenance, as well as demonstrated several different applications. In 1985, the El Paso Solar Pond became the first in the world to deliver industrial process heat to a commercial manufacturer; in 1986 became the first solar pond electric power generating facility in the United States; and in 1987 became the nation’s first experimental solar pond powered water desalting facility. Currently, the major research at El Paso Solar Pond is focused on desalination and brine management technologies. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a systems approach for desalination/brine management via a multiple process desalination coupled with solar ponds. This systems approach will reuse the brine concentrate rejected from desalting plants thereby negating the need for disposal (zero discharge), and provide additional pollution-free renewable energy for the desalting process.

Thermal Heat Storage Gain of Salinity Gradient Solar Pond Using Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 800-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljit Singh ◽  
Muhammad Fairuz Remeli ◽  
Alex Pedemont ◽  
Amandeep Oberoi ◽  
Abhijit Date ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Evacuated Tube Collectors ◽  
Evacuated Tube

This paper investigates the capability of running a system which uses hot fluid from solar evacuated tube collectors to boost the temperature and overall heat storage of the solar pond. The system is circulated by a solar powered pump, producing heat energy entirely from the incoming solar radiation from the sun. Solar evacuated tube collectors use a renewable source of power directly from the sun to heat the working fluid to very high temperatures. Solar ponds are emerging on the renewable energy scene with the capacity to provide a simple and inexpensive thermal storage for the production of heat on a large scale. The results of the performance of the system show a significant heat energy increase into the solar ponds lower convective region, increasing the overall performance of the solar pond.

scholarly journals Comparative Experimental Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Mini Size Permeable and Non-Permeable Varying Salt Density Solar Pond

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 486-492
Author(s):  
Periyasamy Rangaraju ◽  
Santhia Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Mixed Medium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

Varying salt density solar pond is a method that is best suited to absorb and store solar energy. This examination includes the test enhancement of the permeable and non-permeable sunlight-based ponds dependent on its exhibition in different conditions. This experiment was done in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. This particular topographical area has a high level of solar radiation and is a tropical district. Readings for a period of 30 days were taken; the temperature circulation, a measure of heat energy stored and concentration of salt density was assessed. For examination, two comparable solar ponds of volume 0.02 m3 and a height of 0.32 m was built. Black granite pieces, broken glass pieces, and welding spatter were used as a permeable medium in the lower convective zone (LCZ) in one of the two solar ponds. The temperatures of the permeable solar pond and non-permeable solar pond reached the highest values of 42.3℃ and 40.6℃ respectively. The solar pond with a permeable medium demonstrated an increase of 4.18% in temperature. The difference in amounts of stored thermal energy is 4.54 kJ. From the obtained parameters, the optimization is done and the permeable medium solar pond is found to store more amount of heat energy than the non- permeable solar pond. For the optimization of the mixed medium, criterion parameter βelk has been acquired in the solar pond.

Experimental Study on Solar Ponds Combination with Solar Collector

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Hong Sheng Liu ◽  
Wen Ce Sun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Salt Gradient

The performance of Salt-gradient solar ponds (SGSP) with and without the solar collector are investigated experimentally in this paper. Two mini solar ponds with same structure are built, and one the them is appended with an exceptive solar collector for compared study. The salinity, temperature and turbidity of solar pond are studied contrastively for the two solar ponds under the same ambient conditions. The ambient temperatures,humidity and solar radiation are investigated during the experimental period. It was found that the temperature of the lower convective zone in the solar pond coupled with a solar collector increases by about 20% due to the introduce of solar collector.

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