Design and Implementation of a Heart Rate Monitor

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
J.A. Igimoh ◽  
Susan Konyeha
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Heart Rate Monitor ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Beat Heart

A heart rate monitor measures the heart beat. Heart beat is the number of heartbeat per unit time, and is expressed as beats per minute (BPM). The measurement of heart rate is used by medical professionals to assist in the diagnosis and tracking of medical conditions amongst other applications. This paper describes the design of a heart rate monitor which measures the heart rate from the finger using an optical sensor which consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a phototransistor. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, and the phototransistor senses the portion of the light that is reflected back, each heartbeat slightly alters the amount of reflected infrared light that can be detected by the phototransistor. A non-inverting amplifier is used to detect this little change in the amplitude of the reflected light. The pulses are filtered to remove unwanted signals, counted by Atmega16L microcontroller, and the result is displayed on a text based LCD in beats per minute. An experiment was performed that demonstrated an increase in heart rate as the human activity level increases. Tests were performed on ten children between ages 3 and 10 years. The average heart beat per minute were between 94 and 119. Tests were also performed on ten students with increased physical activity and they were found to have average heartbeat per minute of between 98 and 111.

scholarly journals Earable POCER: Development of a Point-of-Care Ear Sensor for Respiratory Rate Measurement

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Taniguchi ◽  
Atsushi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Reflected Light

We have carried out research and development on an earphone-type respiratory rate measuring device, earable POCER. The name earable POCER is a combination of “earable”, which is a word coined from “wearable” and “ear”, and “POCER”, which is an acronym for “point-of-care ear sensor for respiratory rate measurement”. The earable POCER calculates respiratory frequency, based on the measurement values over one minute, through the simple attachment of an ear sensor to one ear of the measured subject and displays these on a tablet terminal. The earable POCER irradiates infrared light using a light-emitting diode (LED) loaded on an ear sensor to the epidermis within the ear canal and, by receiving that reflected light with a phototransistor, it measures movement of the ear canal based on respiration. In an evaluation experiment, eight healthy subjects first breathed through the nose 12 times per minute, then 16 times per minute, and finally 20 times per minute, in accordance with the flashing of a timing instruction LED. The results of these evaluation tests showed that the accuracy of the respiratory frequency was 100% for nose breathing 12 times per minute, 93.8% at 16 times, and 93.8% at 20 times.

Heat-resistant reflectors for enhanced 850-nm near infrared light-emitting diode efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 103879
Author(s):  
Hyung-Joo Lee ◽  
Gwang-Hoon Park ◽  
Jin-Su So ◽  
Choong-Hun Lee ◽  
Jae-Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Heat Resistant

Evaluation of Static Performance of Optoelectronic Semiconductor Devices under X-Rays Irradiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider F. Abdul Amir ◽  
Fuei Pien Chee
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Total Ionizing Dose ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Static Performance ◽  
Current Drives

In this research, optoelectronic devices consisted of an infrared light emitting diode and a phototransistor with no special handling or third party-packaging were irradiated to ionizing radiation utilizing x-rays. It was found that the devices under test (DUTs) undergo performance degradation in their functional parameters during exposure to x-rays. These damaging effects are depending on their current drives and also the Total Ionizing Dose (TID) absorbed. The TID effects by x-rays are cumulative and gradually take place throughout the lifecycle of the devices exposed to radiation.

Transcranial, Red/Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Therapy to Improve Cognition in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 610-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Naeser ◽  
Paula I. Martin ◽  
Michael D. Ho ◽  
Maxine H. Krengel ◽  
Yelena Bogdanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Light Emitting

Reduction of Reflected Light On Fluorescence Emission for Indocyanine Green

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yoon Kwon ◽  
Ki-Cheol Yoon ◽  
Kwang Gi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Light Reflection ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Surgical Microscope ◽  
Reflected Light

Abstract Inside the brain tumor, the blood vessels are intricately composed, and the tumors and blood vessels are similar in color. Therefore, when observing tumors and blood vessels with the naked eye or a surgical microscope, it is difficult to distinguish between tumors and blood vessels. Fluorescence staining with indocyanine green (ICG) is performed to distinguish between brain tumors and blood vessels using a surgical microscope. However, when observing the blood circulation state of a tumor or blood vessel through a surgical microscope, light reflection occurs from the camera. In the process of observing the state of the blood vessel, due to the occurrence of light reflection, an obstruction phenomenon in which the observation field is blocked by the blood vessel of the object to be observed occurs. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose the vascular condition. In this experiment, the 780nm light-emitting diode (LED) was irradiated to the ICG phantom, and then, when the fluorescence expression image was observed, the polarizing filter such as circular polarized light (CPL) filter and linear polarized light (LPL) filter were inserted into the camera and the reflected light was reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the reflected light from the fluorescence expression image by using a polarizing filter, and it is expected to be applicable to surgery and diagnostic fields of cancer such as surgery.

Near-Infrared Light Emitting Diode Based Non-Invasive Glucose Detection System

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 6187-6191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Ho Lee ◽  
Min Seok Kim ◽  
Ok-Kyun Kim ◽  
Hyung-Hwan Baik ◽  
Ji-Hye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Glucose Detection ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Non Invasive

Light Emitting Diode with MOS Structures Containing Multiple-Stacked Si Quantum Dots

2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 557-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Xu ◽  
Katsunori Makihara ◽  
Hidenori Deki ◽  
Yoshihiro Kawaguchi ◽  
Hideki Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Luminescence Intensity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Gate Bias ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Mos Structures ◽  
Si Quantum Dots

Light emitting diode with MOS structures containing multiple-stacked Si quantum dots (QDs)/SiO2 was fabricated and the visible-infrared light emission was observed a room temperature when the negative gate bias exceeded the threshold voltage. The luminescence intensity was increased linearly with increasing the injected current density. The possible luminescence mechanism was briefly discussed and the delta P doping was performed to obtain the doped Si QDs and the improvement of EL intensity was demonstrated.

Optimization of GaAs-based 940 nm infrared light emitting diode with dual-junction design

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-liang Lin ◽  
Xiang-hua Zeng ◽  
Shi-man Shi ◽  
Hai-jun Tian ◽  
Mo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Light Emitting
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