Electrochemical Synthesis and Electrochromic Properties of Poly(3-bromothiophene) Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
Xu Chun Song ◽  
Rong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Prepared Film ◽  
Reversible Change ◽  
Electrochromic Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

Electrochemical synthesis in a room temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIBF4), has been used to prepare electrochromic poly (3-bromothiophene) (PBrT). The PBrT films were characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemistry properties of the prepared film was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. Spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic properties of the PBrT films were characterized using various experiment techniques in [BMIBF4. The thin films were red at its neutral state. After oxidization of the PBrT films, the films underwent reversible change to the blue.

Electrochemical Polymerization and Electrochromic Properties of Poly(3-methoxythiophene)/NiO Composite Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Ting Li ◽  
Ya Ting Wang ◽  
Xu Chun Song
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Prepared Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochromic Properties ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Poly(3-methoxythiophene)/NiO (PMOT/NiO) composite films were electrochemically synthesized on a ITO surface in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-metyllimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) by a potentiodynamic polymerization method. The PMOT/NiO composite films were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemistry properties of the prepared film was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. Spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic properties of the PMOT/NiO composite were characterized using various experiment techniques in [BMIM]PF6.

scholarly journals The Formation of in-rich Regions at The Perphery of The Inverted Hexahonal Pits of InGaN thin-films Grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 675-681
Author(s):  
P. Li ◽  
S. J. Chua ◽  
M. Hao ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Band Edge ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

InGaN thin films were grown by low-pressure metalorganic-vapor-phase-epitaxy (MOVPE) and characterized by cathodoluminescence (CL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed that InGaN samples have inverted hexagonal pits which are formed by the In segregation on the (1011) surfaces. Room temperature CL at the wavelengths corresponding to the GaN band edge, the In-poor and In-rich regions showed that the In–rich regions formed at the periphery of the hexagonal pits.

Electrochemical Polymerization and Characterization of Poly(3-Methylthiophene) in Pure Ionic Liquids

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Li Jin Feng ◽  
Zhi Ai Yang ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Xu Chun Song
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Prepared Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Poly(3-methylthiophene) (PMeT) was electrochemically synthesized on an ITO surface in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-metyllimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) by a potentiodynamic polymerization method. The poly(3-methylthiophene) was characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to show the morphology of the PMeT film. Electrochemical properties of the prepared film were characterized by cyclic voltammetry.

The Formation of In-Rich Regions at the Perphery of the Inverted Hexahonal Pits of Ingan Thin-Films Grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy

1999 ◽  
Vol 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Li ◽  
S. J. Chua ◽  
M. Hao ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Band Edge ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractInGaN thin films were grown by low-pressure metalorganic-vapor-phase-epitaxy (MOVPE) and characterized by cathodoluminescence (CL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed that InGaN samples have inverted hexagonal pits which are formed by the In segregation on the (1011) surfaces. Room temperature CL at the wavelengths corresponding to the GaN band edge, the In-poor and In-rich regions showed that the In–rich regions formed at the periphery of the hexagonal pits.

Scanning Electron Microscopy-cuticular Lesions on the Roundworm Ascaris Suum

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
P. A. Madden ◽  
W. R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Silver Paint ◽  
To Come ◽  
Scanning Electron

The intestinal roundworm of swine is pinkish in color and about the diameter of a lead pencil. Adult worms, taken from parasitized swine, frequently were observed with macroscopic lesions on their cuticule. Those possessing such lesions were rinsed in distilled water, and cylindrical segments of the affected areas were removed. Some of the segments were fixed in buffered formalin before freeze-drying; others were freeze-dried immediately. Initially, specimens were quenched in liquid freon followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen. They were then placed in ampuoles in a freezer at −45C and sublimated by vacuum until dry. After the specimens appeared dry, the freezer was allowed to come to room temperature slowly while the vacuum was maintained. The dried specimens were attached to metal pegs with conductive silver paint and placed in a vacuum evaporator on a rotating tilting stage. They were then coated by evaporating an alloy of 20% palladium and 80% gold to a thickness of approximately 300 A°. The specimens were examined by secondary electron emmission in a scanning electron microscope.

SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
D.R. Hill ◽  
J.R. McCurry ◽  
L.P. Elliott ◽  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.

Imaging magnetic microstructure with SEMPA

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1032-1033
Author(s):  
M. H. Kelley ◽  
J. Unguris ◽  
R. J. Celotta ◽  
D. T. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Magnetic Coupling ◽  
Polarization Analysis ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
Magnetic Microstructure ◽  
Escape Depth ◽  
Scanning Electron

By measuring the spin polarization of secondary electrons generated in a scanning electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) can directly image the magnitude and direction of a material’s magnetization. Because the escape depth of the secondaries is only on the order of 1 nm, SEMPA is especially well-suited for investigating the magnetization of ultra-thin films and surfaces. We have exploited this feature of SEMPA to study the magnetic microstrcture and magnetic coupling in ferromagnetic multilayers where the layers may only be a few atomic layers thick. For example, we have measured the magnetic coupling in Fe/Cr/Fe(100) and Fe/Ag/Fe(100) trilayers and have found that the coupling oscillates between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic as a function of the Cr or Ag spacer thickness.The SEMPA apparatus has been described in detail elsewhere. The sample consisted of a magnetic sandwich structure with a wedge-shaped interlayer as shown in Fig. 1.

Zinc Electrodeposition in the Presence of an Aqueous Electrolyte Containing 1-Ethylpyridinium Bromide: Unexpected Oddities

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max E. Easton ◽  
Lisa C. Player ◽  
Anthony F. Masters ◽  
Thomas Maschmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Redox Couple ◽  
Nucleation Process ◽  
Zinc Electrodeposition ◽  
Unusual Behaviour ◽  
Scanning Electron

The reversible electrodeposition of zinc was investigated in an aqueous electrolyte containing zinc bromide (50 mM) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([C2Py]Br, 50 mM) by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and scanning electron microscopy. Unusual voltammetric behaviour for the Zn/ZnII redox couple was observed in the presence of [C2Py]Br. Passivation of the redox couple was observed after a single deposition–stripping cycle at switching potentials more negative than −1.25 V versus Ag/AgCl. This unusual behaviour was attributed to the reduction of 1-ethylpyridinium cations to pyridyl radicals and their follow-up reactions, which influenced the zinc electrochemistry. This behaviour was further seen to modify the nucleation process of electrodeposition, which altered the morphology of zinc electrodeposits.

Identification of Nd163 phase in melt-textured NdBa2Cu3O7−δ bulk samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2050-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Gombos ◽  
Vicente Gomis ◽  
Anna Esther Carrillo ◽  
Antonio Vecchione ◽  
Sandro Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spontaneous Formation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, we report on the observation of Nd1Ba6Cu3O10,5 (Nd163) phase of the NdBaCuO system in melt-textured Nd123 bulk samples grown from a mixture of Nd123 and Nd210 phase powders. The observation was performed with polarized light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray analyses. Images of the identified phase crystals show an aspect quite different from Nd422 crystals. Unexpectedly, Nd163 was individuated, even in “pure” Nd123 samples. Moreover, after long exposure to air, Nd163 disappeared completely in samples synthesized from powders containing Nd210. Thermogravimetry analyses of powders show that the stability of this phase in air is limited to temperatures higher than 900 °C, so Nd163 is unstable and highly reactive at room temperature. Moreover, an explanation of the observation of Nd163 in Nd210 free samples, based on the spontaneous formation of Nd163 phase in a Nd123 melt, is proposed.

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