Laboratory-Scale Experimental Design to Establish the Optimum Conditions for Chrome Plating Process: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1121-1126
Author(s):  
Nisakorn Somsuk ◽  
Onuma Kosanan ◽  
Chitlada Maimun ◽  
Pongtiwa Pongpanich
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Chrome Plating ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Screening Factor

This paper aims to determine the optimum conditions in Chrome plating process for ABS products by using laboratory-scale experimental design, and taking a company in Chrome plating industry as a case study. This study is composed of two main parts; 1) screening design using a 2-level factorial design to find the few significant factors from a list of potential ones, and 2) analysis for the optimum levels of the factors using a 3-level factorial design and response surface methodology. The response used is the percentage of defects found in plated brass. The results of the study found that screening factor is able to reduce number of the factors from 6 to 4. Then the finding of conducting 3-level factorial design is that four factors significantly affect the response of percentage of defects found in brass specimen, at the 5% significant level. By using response surface method provides the Quadratic model which shows the relationship between four factors on the response. The information as appropriate factor levels in laboratory-scale experimental will be as a guideline for this company to reduce the amount of produced defect and to improve the surface quality of Chrome plating.

scholarly journals Designing Valid and Reliable Vignette Experiments for Survey Research: A Case Study on the Fair Gender Income Gap

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Steiner ◽  
Christiane Atzmüller ◽  
Dan Su
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
The Real ◽  
Income Gap

In survey research, vignette experiments typically employ short, systematically varied descriptions of situations or persons (called vignettes) to elicit the beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors of respondents with respect to the presented scenarios. Using a case study on the fair gender income gap in Austria, we discuss how different design elements can be used to increase a vignette experiment’s validity and reliability. With respect to the experimental design, the design elements considered include a confounded factorial design, a between-subjects factor, anchoring vignettes, and blocking by respondent strata and interviewers. The design elements for the sampling and survey design consist of stratification, covariate measurements, and the systematic assignment of vignette sets to respondents and interviewers. Moreover, the vignettes’ construct validity is empirically validated with respect to the real gender income gap in Austria. We demonstrate how a broad range of design elements can successfully increase a vignette study’s validity and reliability.

scholarly journals Box-Behnken Experimental Design for Extraction of Spinosin from Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1048
Author(s):  
Quang Thuong Tran ◽  
Loan Thi Thanh Vu ◽  
Tram Huyen Le ◽  
Ly Thi Phuong Giang ◽  
Toyonobu Usuki
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Extraction Parameters

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, extraction ratio of solvent to raw material and extraction time) on the yield of spinosin from the seeds of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Box-Behnken factorial design was used in association with response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were an ethanol concentration of 61 %, 40 (v/w) liquid-to-solid ratio, and 2.6 h extraction time with reflux. Spinosin was purified using Diaion HP20SS as an adsorbent. The maximum spinosin yield was 1.18 mg/g raw material. Present findings can be applied to future approaches for maximizing the extraction of spinosin from Z. mauritiana Lam. seeds.

scholarly journals Optimization of Chitinase Production by Trichoderma virens in Solid State Fermentation Using Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Rachmawaty ◽  
Pagarra Halifah ◽  
Hartati ◽  
Zulkifli Maulana ◽  
Madihah Md. Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Chitinase Production ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Screening Factor ◽  
Substrate Ph

Physical factor for chitinase production by Trichodermavirens was first carried out using screening factor of 2-level factorial. The design was employed by selecting incubation time, temperature, moisture substrate, pH, inoculums size and concentration ammonium sulphate as a model factors. The result of 2-level factorial design experiment showed thal all three independent variable have significant effect on chitinase production. The physical factor was further optimized using Central Composite Design in which response surface was generated later from the derived model. An experimental design of three variables including various incubation time, temperature and moisture substrate were created using Design Expert® Software, Version 6.0.4 The design consist of 20 experiments, which include 6 replicate at center points. The optimal value for each variable are incubation time sixth days, temperature 27.83°C and moisture substrate 54% with predicted chitinase activity of 0.48738 U/g of dry substrate. These predicted parameters were tested in the laboratory and the final chitinase activity obtained was 0.48864 U/g of dry substrate, which is similar to the predicted value. The obtained value of the chitinase production was 0.48738 U/g IDS, which was 1.2 fold higher than that of the 2-level factorial design (0.261 U/gds)

scholarly journals The importance of factorial design in tissue engineering and biomaterials science: Optimisation of cell seeding efficiency on dermal scaffolds as a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 204173141878169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Levin ◽  
Vaibhav Sharma ◽  
Lilian Hook ◽  
Elena García-Gareta
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Seeding ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Seeding Efficiency

This article presents a case study to show the usefulness and importance of using factorial design in tissue engineering and biomaterials science. We used a full factorial experimental design (2 × 2 × 2 × 3) to solve a routine query in every biomaterial research project: the optimisation of cell seeding efficiency for pre-clinical in vitro cell studies, the importance of which is often overlooked. In addition, tissue-engineered scaffolds can be cellularised with relevant cell type(s) to form implantable tissue constructs, where the cell seeding method must be reliable and robust. Our results show the complex relationship between cells and scaffolds and suggest that the optimum seeding conditions for each material may be different due to different material properties, and therefore, should be investigated for individual scaffolds. Our factorial experimental design can be easily translated to other cell types and three-dimensional biomaterials, where multiple interacting variables can be thoroughly investigated for better understanding of cell–biomaterial interactions.

Response Surface Design for Remove of Copper from a Fe-Rich Pyrite Cinder

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Shu Ming Wen ◽  
Qi Cheng Feng ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Shao Jun Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Response Surface Design ◽  
Pyrite Cinder ◽  
Surface Design ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Roasting Temperature ◽  
Chlorination Roasting ◽  
Good Agreement

The study aims to remove copper from a pyrite cinders using chlorination roasting and optimizing the roasting parameters through response surface methodology (RSM). After a series of experiments, a quadratic model was suggested by RSM to correlate the variables to the copper volatilization ratio. The results indicate that the model is in good agreement with the experimental data and the dosage of chlorinating agent and roasting temperature play a key role in improving the volatilization ratio. The optimum conditions for remove copper from the cinders were identified as chlorinating agent dosage at 5%, roasting temperature at 1155.05 °C and roasting time of 10 minutes; under such a condition, an average copper volatilization ratio of 95.16% was achieved from the cinder.

scholarly journals Removal of Iron from Groundwater by Ozonation: The Response Surface Methodology for Parameter Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
Apiradee Sukmilin ◽  
◽  
Ratsamee Sangsirimongkolying ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Iron Removal ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Response Surface Technique ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Independent Parameters

This research studied the possibility of using ozone to remove iron from groundwater. The optimum conditions were investigated using a Box-Behnken experiment design with statistical analysis by response surface technique. The three parameters investigated, pH (6.0-8.0), hardness (300-500 mg/L as CaCO3) and removal time (10 to 60 min) were independent parameters of iron removal. Data was examined for optimal conditions and included main effects and their interactions. Analysis of variance indicated that the proposed quadratic model successfully interpreted the experimental data with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 98.83% and adjusted R2 of 96.72%. Through this model, it could predict the iron removal efficiency under variable conditions. Furthermore, the optimum conditions were pH 6.99, hardness of 300 mg/L as CaCO3, and 10 min of reaction time. The predicted iron removal efficiency obtained from the model under the optimum conditions was 99.00%. The experiment confirmed that the optimum condition which validated the model’s accuracy of iron removal efficiency was 98.45%. The results showed that ozone can remove iron from groundwater.

scholarly journals Obtaining process of interpolymeric complexes from lactalbumin, xanthan gum and pectin

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Coimbra Zuvanov ◽  
Edwin Elard Garcia-rojas ◽  
Clitor Júnior Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Eliana da Silva Gulão ◽  
Luciano José Barreto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Nacl Concentration

In this work, the optimization process of interpolymeric complexes formation between lactalbumin and the polysaccharides xanthan gum and pectin was studied in order to define the optimum conditions for the complexes formation. For the experimental design, response surface methodology (RSM) for three independent variables was used. The optimum conditions for the complexes formation between lactalbumin and xanthan gum were: pH 6.6, NaCl concentration of 0.6 mol/L and xanthan gum concentration 0.083% w/v. And for the complexes formed between pectin and lactalbumin the conditions were: pH 6.6, NaCl concentration of 0.25 mol/L and pectin concentration of 0.113% w/v. The best fitted model for the experimental data was that corresponding to the complex xanthan gum-lactalbumin, whose coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.97.

scholarly journals Optimization Method of the Solvothermal Parameters Using Box–Behnken Experimental Design—The Case Study of ZnO Structural and Catalytic Tailoring

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kovács ◽  
Csanád Molnár ◽  
Urška Lavrenčič Štangar ◽  
Vasile-Mircea Cristea ◽  
Zsolt Pap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Crystallographic Facets ◽  
Degradation Of Methyl Orange

ZnO photocatalysts were synthesized via solvothermal method and a reduced experimental design (Box–Behnken) was applied to investigate the influence of four parameters (temperature, duration, composition of the reaction mixture) upon the photocatalytic activity and the crystal structure of ZnO. The four parameters were correlated with photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and the ratio of two crystallographic facets ((002) and (100)) using a quadratic model. The quadratic model shows good fit for both responses. The optimization experimental results validated the models. The ratio of the crystal facets shows similar variation as the photocatalytic activity of the samples. The water content of the solvent is the primary factor, which predominantly influence both responses. An explanation was proposed for the effect of the parameters and how the ratio of (002) and (100) crystal facets is influenced and its relation to the photocatalytic activity. The present research laconically describes a case study for an original experimental work, in order to serve as guideline to deal with such complicated subjects as quantifying influence of synthesis parameters upon the catalytic activity of the obtained ZnO.

Optimization of slicing sugar beet for improving the purity of diffusion juice using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Naghipour Zade ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Aghkhani ◽  
Abbas Rohani ◽  
Khalil Behzad ◽  
Armaghan Kosari-Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The purity is accounted for one of the main characteristics of sugar beet juice in the sugar production process. In this regard, in the paper, the impact of slicing parameters including blade type, slicing angle from 0 to 90°, slicing thickness from 3 to 6 mm, and preheating duration from 3 to 15 min was studied on juice purity using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique was also employed to find the optimum values of variables to reach the highest juice purity. The results indicated that the quadratic model was the best model to predict juice purity. The Findings presented that as cossette thickness and slicing angle increased, the juice purity was improved. Optimization of the quadratic model by GA showed the best cossette thickness was 6 mm for both blades. The results of optimization indicated that 92.25 and 94.45% juice purities could be obtained from optimum conditions.

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