The Ecological Footprint on Product Level in Machining – From the Conceptional Methodology to the Industrial Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 907 ◽  
pp. 417-426
Author(s):  
Fritz Klocke ◽  
Benjamin Döbbeler ◽  
Marvin Binder ◽  
Dieter Lung
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Production Environments

In line with the striving for a more sustainable orientation in manufacturing systems and industrial pursuit of resource efficiency, companies are looking for efficient processes. The consumption of electrical energy and other resources during the manufacturing phase is considered by the ecological footprint. This study offers a conception for the determination of the ecological footprint within manufacturing systems based on life cycle assessments. The existence of basic data is a requirement for such an evaluation. Therefore, a holistic measurement system is presented which is adaptable to small as well as large scaled production environments and different usage scenarios, e.g. full scale measurement or detailed process analysis.

scholarly journals The Ecological Footprint Nowadays

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Daferera ◽  
Mariam Abaskharoun ◽  
Evangelia Theodoratou
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
World Average ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
International Data

This assessment refers to the ecological footprint which is a way to measure the impacts of human activities on Earth. It basically calculates the demand and consumption that measures the needs of a society, as well as the waste and greenhouse gases that generates daily in productive sea and fertile land areas. Moreover, it measures all the natural resources needed to support the material needs of a population or person through the technology, lifestyle and habits of each country. Subsequently we are going to examine the advantages and disadvantages of the phenomenon that human activities provoke and the ways to eliminate the caused problem. The world-average ecological footprint in 2013 was 2.8 global hectares per person and the average per country ranges from over 10 to under 1 global hectares per person. There is also a high variation within countries, based on individual lifestyle and economic possibilities that we also examine. Summarizing all those effects we are going to analyze open international data as far as the metabolism of the ecological footprint concerns in our word but especially in our country to form prospects for our planet the principles of life cycle assessments with the aid of statistics and charts.

Determination of cores electrification during the flow in the modified Wurster apparatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Wojciech Ludwig ◽  
Tadeusz Mączka
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Charge Accumulation ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Materials

The purpose of this paper was presentation of the value of cores electrification during their flow in the modified Wurster apparatus, applied for dry encapsulation of pharmaceutical materials. Previous works of the authors dealt with vulnerability of the particles of different diameter, produced by SYNTAPHARM (Cellets 1000, 700 and 100) on electrification in laboratory conditions. The presented work gives the results of examination on particles electrification in real conditions of their stable circulation in a column. The measurement system, that was applied, allowed determination of electrification potential and electrification current. Those quantities, which are the measures of charge accumulation on cores were determined for several particles (Cellets 1000, 700 and 500) with the different humidity, for different mass of the bed and spouting gas velocities.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Life-Cycle Cost of Robot Substitution: A Case of Automobile Welding Production in China

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Xuyang Zhao ◽  
Cisheng Wu ◽  
Duanyong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Analysis Model

Within the context of the large-scale application of industrial robots, methods of analyzing the life-cycle cost (LCC) of industrial robot production have shown considerable developments, but there remains a lack of methods that allow for the examination of robot substitution. Taking inspiration from the symmetry philosophy in manufacturing systems engineering, this article further establishes a comparative LCC analysis model to compare the LCC of the industrial robot production with traditional production at the same time. This model introduces intangible costs (covering idle loss, efficiency loss and defect loss) to supplement the actual costs and comprehensively uses various methods for cost allocation and variable estimation to conduct total cost and the cost efficiency analysis, together with hierarchical decomposition and dynamic comparison. To demonstrate the model, an investigation of a Chinese automobile manufacturer is provided to compare the LCC of welding robot production with that of manual welding production; methods of case analysis and simulation are combined, and a thorough comparison is done with related existing works to show the validity of this framework. In accordance with this study, a simple template is developed to support the decision-making analysis of the application and cost management of industrial robots. In addition, the case analysis and simulations can provide references for enterprises in emerging markets in relation to robot substitution.

MeV Ion-Beam Bombardment Effects on The Thermoelectric Figures of Merit of Zn4Sb3 and ZrNiSn-Based half-heusler compounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Budak ◽  
S. Guner ◽  
C. Muntele ◽  
C. C. Smith ◽  
B. Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Figures Of Merit ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Conductivity Of Thin Films

AbstractSemiconducting â-Zn4Sb3and ZrNiSn-based half-heusler compound thin films were prepared by co-evaporation for the application of thermoelectric (TE) materials. High-purity solid zinc and antimony were evaporated by electron beam to grow the â-Zn4Sb3thin film while high-purity zirconium powder and nickel tin powders were evaporated by electron beam to grow the ZrNiSn-based half-heusler compound thin film. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to analyze the composition of the thin films. The grown thin films were subjected to 5 MeV Si ions bombardments for generation of nanostructures in the films. We measured the thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and electrical conductivity of these two systems before and after 5 MeV Si ions beam bombardments. The two material systems have been identified as promising TE materials for the application of thermal-to-electrical energy conversion, but the efficiency still limits their applications. The electronic energy deposited due to ionization in the track of MeV ion beam can cause localized crystallization. The nanostructures produced by MeV ion beam can cause significant change in both the electrical and the thermal conductivity of thin films, thereby improving the efficiency. We used the 3ù-method measurement system to measure the cross-plane thermal conductivity ,the Van der Pauw measurement system to measure the cross-plane electrical conductivity, and the Seebeck-coefficient measurement system to measure the cross-plane Seebeck coefficient. The thermoelectric figures of merit of the two material systems were then derived by calculations using the measurement results. The MeV ion-beam bombardment was found to decrease the thermal conductivity of thin films and increase the efficiency of thermal-to-electrical energy conversion.

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