Development of Environmentally Friendly Binder in Extrusion Molding

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 1735-1739
Author(s):  
Xiao Wei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
Polyoxyethylene Ether ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Stable Performance

A new kind of binder was developed in extrusion molding. It included four ingredients: ethylene glycol acetate (60%~85% (mass/mass, as follows)), ethyl cellulose (10%~30%), ethylene glycol polyoxyethylene ether (5%~10%), polyethylene glycol stearate (0.8%~3%). The components of binder were compatible with thermodynamic conditions, so the binder was well-distributed in molecule level. The new binder is actual nontoxic, secure and environmentally friendly. The forming property of the binder is so excellent that it can load 54% ~ 56% (vol. /vol.) cemented carbide powders. The rods produced by this new binder provide high strength, stable performance, homogeneous microstructure.

scholarly journals High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1000
Author(s):  
Ricardo Branco ◽  
Filippo Berto
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Modern Industry

Modern industry, driven by the recent environmental policies, faces an urgent need for the production of lighter and more environmentally friendly components [...]

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Route for Fabricating Conductive Agent for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Carbon Nanoparticles Derived from Polyethylene

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Jihye Mok ◽  
Dalsu Choi ◽  
Suk Ho Bhang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticle ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Conductive Agent ◽  
Economical Advantage

Here, we introduce an environmentally friendly way of fabricating carbon nanoparticles which can be utilized as conductive agent for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Polyethylene (PE), which comprises the largest portion of plastic waste, was used as a source for carbon nanoparticle synthesis. Sulfonation allowed chemical structural transformation of innately non-carbonizable PE into a carbonizable conformation, and carbon nanoparticles could be successfully derived from sulfonated PE. Then, PE-derived carbon nanoparticles were used as conductive agents for LIBs, and assembled cells exhibited stable performance. Even though the performance is not as good as Super-P, utilization of PE as a source of conductive agent for LIBs might provide an economical advantage to upcycle PE.

Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanisms of Harmonic Structure Designed Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Kei Ameyama ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Vajpai ◽  
Mie Ota
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Plastic Instability ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Harmonic Structure ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
Macro Scale

This paper presents the novel microstructure design, called Harmonic Structure, which gives structural metallic materials outstanding mechanical properties through an innovative powder metallurgy process. Homogeneous and ultra-fine grain (UFG) structure enables the materials high strength. However, such a “Homo-“ and “UFG” microstructure does not, usually, satisfy the need to be both strong and ductile, due to the plastic instability in the early stage of the deformation. As opposed to such a “Homo-and UFG“ microstructure, “Harmonic Structure” has a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of bimodal grain size together with a controlled and specific topological distribution of fine and coarse grains. In other words, the harmonic structure is heterogeneous on micro-but homogeneous on macro-scales. In the present work, the harmonic structure design has been applied to pure metals and alloys via a powder metallurgy route consisting of controlled severe plastic deformation of the corresponding powders by mechanical milling or high pressure gas milling, and subsequent consolidation by SPS. At a macro-scale, the harmonic structure materials exhibited superior combination of strength and ductility as compared to their homogeneous microstructure counterparts. This behavior was essentially related to the ability of the harmonic structure to promote the uniform distribution of strain during plastic deformation, leading to improved mechanical properties by avoiding or delaying localized plastic instability.

scholarly journals Study of the properties of Ce3+-doped fluoride nanophosphors: phase composition, morphology, luminescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2056 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
A M Dorokhina ◽  
V V Bakhmetyev ◽  
H Kominami ◽  
A Toru ◽  
M Hisashi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Optimal Duration ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Synthesis Medium

Abstract To date, nanophosphors have found application in various fields, one of which is medicine. These phosphors were developed with the aim to become one of the components of a drug for photodynamic therapy of oncological diseases. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the duration, environment, and stabilizers of solvothermal synthesis on the microstructure and luminescent properties of the YF3:Ce nanophosphor. The solvothermal synthesis technique was carried out in three different media: water, ethanol, and ethylene glycol. The optimal duration of the synthesis was also determined (the synthesis was carried out at a temperature of 200°C for 4…20 hours). The dependence of the YF3 luminescence on the phase composition and the solvothermal synthesis medium was studied. Using SEM, the morphology and particle size of YF3:Ce phosphors were studied depending on different stabilizers (polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone). The luminescence intensity of YF3:Ce and Na(Y1,5Na0,5)F6:Ce samples was compared.

The Phase Morphology of Citrogypsum Waste Controlled by a Hydrothermal Process in Ethylene Glycol/Water Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanakit Sirimahasal ◽  
Yutthana Kalhong ◽  
Lida Simasatitkul ◽  
Siriporn Pranee ◽  
Semih Durmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Molecule ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Exothermic Peak ◽  
Crystal Water ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Main Component

The acid purification of calcium citrate from citric acid production using sulfuric acid as a reagent resulted in citrogypsum waste. The identification of citrogypsum by XRD technique indicates that the main component consists of CaSO4∙2H2O (DH). Furthermore, the comparison of the colours between citrogypsum and natural gypsum are also different. Hence, this research mainly focused on the phase transformation of DH to α-CaSO4 ∙0.5H2O (α-HH) due to high strength and heat resistant. The preparation of α-HH carry out in different volume ratios of ethylene glycol (EG): water solutions at 95oC for 7 hrs under atmospheric pressure. The FT-IR spectra of DH and α-HH results reveal that the absorption frequencies at 1700 and 1800 cm-1 of –OH group are 0.5 and 1.5 water molecule in CaSO4 respectively. TGA thermograms show the theoretical crystal water content of DH approximately 20.1 wt% and the converted α-HH about 4-5 wt%. DSC thermograms of the citrogypsums show two endothermic peaks regarding to two steps of water molecule loss at 151.2oC and 168.5oC respectively. In addition, the α-HH shows exothermic peak at 238.7oC. The morphology of citrogypsum and α-HH are observed by SEM, showing the plate-like shape of citrogypsum and hexagonal shape of α-HH. Moreover, the products could be applied to several other industries for increasing the value and reducing the environmental concerns.

Preparation of amphiphilic block copolymers (polyethylene adipate-block-polyethylene glycol) and its application in rotogravure ink formulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Assem ◽  
Heba A. Mohamed ◽  
Rana Said ◽  
Ahmed El-Masry
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Amphiphilic Block Copolymers ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Weights

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers polyethylene adipate-block-polyethylene glycol (PEA-b-PEG)s and study their performance as plasticizers in rotogravure ink formulations. Design/methodology/approach Series of amphiphilic block copolymers (PEA-b-PEG1), (PEA-b-PEG2), (PEA-b-PEG3), (PEA-b-PEG4) and (PEA-b-PEG5) were prepared by the reaction of adipic acid, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol of different molecular weights (300, 1,000, 2,000, 10,000 and 20,000 g/mol), respectively. Full characterization of the prepared copolymers was achieved using Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The performance of the prepared copolymers as plasticizers for neat nitrocellulose resin were studied in different formulations, namely, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 containing copolymers (PEA-b-PEG1), (PEA-b-PEG2), (PEA-b-PEG3), (PEA-b-PEG4) and (PEA-b-PEG5), respectively. In addition to formula R0 that contains acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as a commercial plasticizer. The mechanical properties, thermal analysis (DSC, TGA) and optical properties of the prepared formulations films were investigated. Theses amphiphilic block copolymers were then applied as plasticizers in different rotogravure ink formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5) and compared with commercial rotogravure ink formula (F0). The color measurements and optical properties of all formulations were achieved. Findings It was found that the performance of the prepared copolymers as plasticizers in different formulations based on nitro cellulose resin gives better gloss, adhesion for R1 compared with the other samples and color strength for F1 compared with F0. Finally, all the samples gave excellent plasticizing effect. Research limitations/implications The authors believe that type of these materials open the way for a new class of plasticizers that upon application or even degradation gives small ecofriendly molecules (adipic acid and or ethylene glycol moieties) taking into consideration the simplicity of the rout of the synthesis process. Practical implications The prepared ecofriendly (PEA-b-PEG)s could be successfully used as plasticizers instead of commercial plasticizer ATBC. Originality/value The research provides that the prepared (PEA-b-PEG)s with different molecular weights can act as plasticizers in rotogravure ink formulations, and their performance was acceptable and available.

Comparison of two different methods for the vitrification of hatched blastocysts from the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Skidmore ◽  
M. Billah ◽  
N. M. Loskutoff
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Vitrification Solution

The uteri of 32 donor camels were flushed non-surgically on Day 6, 7 or 8 after ovulation and a total of 184 embryos was recovered. Sixty Day 6 embryos and 61 Day 7 embryos were vitrified or frozen ultrarapidly using open pulled straws and a modified version of the Vajta protocol. These embryos were subjected to concentrations of either 10% and 20% or 20% and 40% ethanediol as the cryoprotectant before being loaded into open pulled straws (OPS) and plunged into liquid nitrogen. All embryos were subsequently thawed and rehydrated either directly into holding media or into holding media containing 0.2 m sucrose and were incubated for 5 or 10 min before being transferred to holding media before transfer to recipients. Although the survival rate of the embryos immediately after thawing was high (OPS 20%/40% ethanediol resulted in 97% and 100% survival for Day 6 and Day 7 embryos, respectively; OPS 10%/20% ethanediol resulted in 90% and 70% survival for Day 6 and Day 7 embryos, respectively), after 2 h in culture, survival rates had decreased to 46% and 53% for Day 6 and Day 7 embryos, respectively, using OPS 10%/20% and 53% and 63% for Day 6 and Day 7 embryos, respectively, using OPS 20%/40%; however, none of the embryos transferred resulted in a viable fetus. A further 63 embryos (Day 6: n = 31; Day 7: n = 16; Day 8: n = 16) were subsequently exposed to vitrification solution (20% glycerol + 20% ethylene glycol + 0.3 m sucrose + 0.375 m glucose + 3% polyethylene glycol) in three steps and after loading into 0.25 mL straws were plunged into liquid nitrogen. However, a much greater percentage of the Day 7 and Day 8 embryos (43.8% and 81.2% respectively) were fractured or torn after warming and none of the 12 intact embryos transferred resulted in a pregnancy. Better survival rates immediately after thawing and rehydration were obtained with the smaller Day 6 embryos (94%), which resulted in a total of eight fetuses from the 21 embryos transferred.

Screen Printing Equipment Control System Design Based on PLC

2013 ◽  
Vol 415 ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Yun Long Yuan ◽  
Hong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Plc Control ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Low Efficiency

For the traditional operation mode of high strength, low efficiency in the process of the plastic ruler screen printing, the powerful PLC is used as the control core, the automatic PLC control system is developed, and the reasonable programming skills are applied so that the two institutions can work in parallel, which greatly improves the production efficiency. At the same time, sophisticated sensors are used to detect each action execution state so as to ensure that work is reliable with stable performance. Through actual production test, the printing speed has reached the capacity of 28 rulers on average per minute, and has achieved the good production benefit.

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