Total Appearance Measurements of Special Effect Finish after Real-Live Tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Martina Syrovátková ◽  
Michal Vik ◽  
Petr Kulhavý ◽  
Martina Viková
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Geometrical Distribution ◽  
Geometrical Factors

Special-effect finishes are used in many applications to create new color impressions, pronouncing the design of a product and at the same time making the product appear alive. Total appearance conducting color and geometrical factors such as gloss, shape, etc. Gloss is an attribute of visual appearance that originates from the geometrical distribution of the light reflected by the surface. This paper presents new technologies that were developed to objectively describe total impression of appearance special effect finishes, coated composites and automotive paints after real live tests.

Special effect pigments

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Synthetic Mica ◽  
Reflection And Refraction ◽  
High Temperature Processes ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Synthetic Pigments

Abstract Special effect pigments are in the very most cases synthetic pigments, characterized by high luster, brilliance and iridescent colors known from optically thin films. The visual appearance has its origin in reflection and refraction of light at thin single and multiple layers. The pigments are either transparent, semitransparent or light-absorbing platelet-shaped crystals or layer systems. They can consist of single crystals, but also of monolayer or a multilayer structures in which the layers have different refractive indices and light absorption properties. Pigment based on the layer-substrate principle represent the technically most important class of special effect pigments. There are many variation and combination possibilities for the layer and substrate materials used. Special effect pigments based on platelets of natural or synthetic mica, on alumina, silica, or borosilicate flakes are the main representatives of layer-substrate pigments. They are manufactured in most cases by wet chemical processes combined with high-temperature processes. The production of substrate particles includes mechanical processes, but also crystal growth, glass formation, and web coating.

Employment of Finite Element Modelling and Design of Experiments to Investigate the Geometrical Factors in T-Type Bi-Layered Tube Hydroforming

2011 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 775-782
Author(s):  
Abed Alaswad ◽  
Abdul Ghani Olabi ◽  
Khaled Y. Benyounis
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Finite Element Modelling ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Tube Hydroforming ◽  
Element Modelling ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Geometrical Factors ◽  
Bulge Height

In the last years many researchers were concentrating to develop and design new unconventional metal forming processes. Among such new technologies, tube hydroforming was proved as one of the most promising. Geometry of the tube and die were found to have significant effects on the hydroformed part. In this work, Response surface method was used based on data provided by Finite element modeling to construct a model for the bulge height as a function of geometrical factors for T-type bi-layered tube hydroforming. Interaction effects were analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Graininess Attribute by Visual Scaling for Coatings with Special-Effect Pigments

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Esther Perales ◽  
Bàrbara Micó-Vicent ◽  
Khalil Huraibat ◽  
Valentín Viqueira
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Illumination Direction ◽  
Industrial Sectors

In our society, objects’ visual appearance is an essential factor because it allows us to recognize and differentiate one object from another. In different industrial sectors like cosmetics, textiles and automotive, special-effect pigments are largely used to achieve attractive visual features. These pigments provide a color change with viewing and illumination direction, and visually provide texture. Depending on a finish’s properties, and also on the viewing and illumination conditions, coatings exhibit sparkle or a graininess-like texture. Currently, not many scientific works on the visual perception of these texture effects can be found in the literature. In addition, choice of experimental method can influence the measurement scale obtained from visual data. For this reason, the purpose of this work was to analyze graininess visual scaling constructed by two different psychophysical methods. The experimental design was based on the rank-order and paired-comparison methods. The data analysis was conducted by following the law of comparative judgments to obtain a visual scale of the graininess attribute to compare it to instrumental data. A good correlation appeared between both magnitudes with a correlation coefficient close to 0.9. Both methods provided useful results with a reasonable correspondence between them, which ensures that data can be considered reliable, while the visual obtained scale can act as a good graininess scale perceived by the human visual system.

Effect of coating formulations and drying methods on the coverage and smoothness of brown grade base papers

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hak Lae Lee ◽  
Jin Doo Kim ◽  
Kyong Ho Lee ◽  
Chae Hoon Kim ◽  
Hye Jung Youn
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Surface Tension ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
Curtain Coating

Abstract The Corrugated container industry asks papermakers to produce highly attractive linerboard with good multicolor printing properties to improve product appeal as much as possible at low cost to consumers. To meet this requirement, it is necessary to improve the visual appearance and printing properties of conventional linerboard which is made from recycled fibers for economic and environmental reasons. To meet this challenge, two new technologies, hot press drying and curtain coating, which make a strong combination as a method to produce high quality coated linerboard, were used. Hot press drying improved the smoothness of the linerboard and decreased the coating penetration, resulting in better surface smoothness after the coating process. The influence of the pigment composition on the brightness, gloss and smoothness of single or double coated linerboard was examined. Clay outperformed calcium carbonate by improving the brightness and gloss for coated linerboards, suggesting that the hiding power is more important than scattering characteristics when considering the pigment to be used in linerboard coating. The dynamic surface tension of the coating color decreased with the addition of a surfactant. It was shown that a surfactant that provides the curtain stability and less foaming should be used in the curtain coating. Mill experience from Dong-Il Paper Mfg. Co. started the twolayer curtain coating operation at the end of 2008 was described.

Principles of Low-Vacuum SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1304-1305
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Gaseous Environment ◽  
New Information ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
Gas Pressures

Only recently it became possible to expand scanning electron microscopy to low vacuum and atmospheric pressure through the introduction of several new technologies. In principle, only the specimen is provided with a controlled gaseous environment while the optical microscope column is kept at high vacuum. In the specimen chamber, the gas can generate new interactions with i) the probe electrons, ii) the specimen surface, and iii) the specimen-specific signal electrons. The results of these interactions yield new information about specimen surfaces not accessible to conventional high vacuum SEM. Several microscope types are available differing from each other by the maximum available gas pressure and the types of signals which can be used for investigation of specimen properties.Electrical non-conductors can be easily imaged despite charge accumulations at and beneath their surface. At high gas pressures between 10-2 and 2 torr, gas molecules are ionized in the electrical field between the specimen surface and the surrounding microscope parts through signal electrons and, to a certain extent, probe electrons. The gas provides a stable ion flux for a surface charge equalization if sufficient gas ions are provided.

Structural dynamics of P-type ATPase ion pumps

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dyla ◽  
Sara Basse Hansen ◽  
Poul Nissen ◽  
Magnus Kjaergaard
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
P Type

Abstract P-type ATPases transport ions across biological membranes against concentration gradients and are essential for all cells. They use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to propel large intramolecular movements, which drive vectorial transport of ions. Tight coordination of the motions of the pump is required to couple the two spatially distant processes of ion binding and ATP hydrolysis. Here, we review our current understanding of the structural dynamics of P-type ATPases, focusing primarily on Ca2+ pumps. We integrate different types of information that report on structural dynamics, primarily time-resolved fluorescence experiments including single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamics simulations, and interpret them in the framework provided by the numerous crystal structures of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. We discuss the challenges in characterizing the dynamics of membrane pumps, and the likely impact of new technologies on the field.

Meiotic CENP-C is a shepherd: bridging the space between the centromere and the kinetochore in time and space

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Fellmeth ◽  
Kim S. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
M Phase ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract While many of the proteins involved in the mitotic centromere and kinetochore are conserved in meiosis, they often gain a novel function due to the unique needs of homolog segregation during meiosis I (MI). CENP-C is a critical component of the centromere for kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Recent work, however, has highlighted the unique features of meiotic CENP-C. Centromere establishment and stability require CENP-C loading at the centromere for CENP-A function. Pre-meiotic loading of proteins necessary for homolog recombination as well as cohesion also rely on CENP-C, as do the main scaffolding components of the kinetochore. Much of this work relies on new technologies that enable in vivo analysis of meiosis like never before. Here, we strive to highlight the unique role of this highly conserved centromere protein that loads on to centromeres prior to M-phase onset, but continues to perform critical functions through chromosome segregation. CENP-C is not merely a structural link between the centromere and the kinetochore, but also a functional one joining the processes of early prophase homolog synapsis to late metaphase kinetochore assembly and signaling.

Recent Developments of Ambulatory Assessment Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hey ◽  
Panagiota Anastasopoulou ◽  
André Bideaux ◽  
Wilhelm Stork
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Ambulatory Assessment ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Physiological Sensors

Ambulatory assessment of emotional states as well as psychophysiological, cognitive and behavioral reactions constitutes an approach, which is increasingly being used in psychological research. Due to new developments in the field of information and communication technologies and an improved application of mobile physiological sensors, various new systems have been introduced. Methods of experience sampling allow to assess dynamic changes of subjective evaluations in real time and new sensor technologies permit a measurement of physiological responses. In addition, new technologies facilitate the interactive assessment of subjective, physiological, and behavioral data in real-time. Here, we describe these recent developments from the perspective of engineering science and discuss potential applications in the field of neuropsychology.

Into the Future: Language, Culture, and New Technologies

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-439
Author(s):  
Michele Knobel
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
The Future
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