The Rising Damp in Cultural Heritage: From Physical and Numerical Analyse to Practical Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 128-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M.P.Q. Delgado ◽  
A.S. Guimarães ◽  
V.P. de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Rising Damp

The main goal of this work is to present a complete review of rising damp treatment in building heritage using a technique developed in our group to estimate and mitigate the height of the rising damp front and to predict the improvements of some experimental treatment techniques. The paper present a mathematical and a numerical analyse of the problem; an experimental and a practical application of the technique developed. This work is distributed into six main sections, in addition to this general Introduction: This book chapter is divided in several sections. Initially, it is presented the “state of the art” synthesis, where it is studied the techniques traditionally used for the rising damp treatment, showing the existing limitations on its application in monumental heritage and in old or ancient buildings, with specific characteristics. Then, it is performed the idea and the operating principle of the new technique, known as the wall base ventilation system, on the basis of previously conducted studies. An analytical, numerical and “in-field” study it is presented based in a case study described in detail. Finally, it is done a critical analysis of the results obtained, projecting the future work.

Case Studies of Rising Damp Treatment in Historical Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
A.S. Guimarães ◽  
J.M.P.Q. Delgado ◽  
V.P. de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Salt Damage ◽  
Building Physics ◽  
Rising Damp

Salt damage can affect the service life of numerous building structures, both historical and contemporary, in a significant way. Therefore, various conservation methods have been developed for the consolidation and protection of porous building materials exposed to the salt attack. As any successful treatment of salt damage requires a multidisciplinary attitude, many different factors such as salt solution transport and crystallization, presence and origin of salts in masonry, and salt-induced deterioration are to be taken into account. The importance of pre-treatment investigations is discussed as well; in a combination with the knowledge of salt and moisture transport mechanisms they can give useful indications regarding treatment options.Another important cause of building pathologies in buildings is the rising damp and this phenomenon it is particularly more severe with the presence of salts in water. The treatment of rising damp in historic building walls is a very complex procedure. At Laboratory of Building Physics (LFC-FEUP) a wall base hygro-regulated ventilation system was developed. This system patented, HUMIVENT, has been submitted to laboratorial monitoring and to in situ validation and a numerical simplified model was developed to facilitate the practical application. Having in mind the practical application of scientific and technological knowledge from Building Physics to practice, this paper presents the design of the system (geometry, ventilation rate and hygrothermal device), the detailing and technical specification of its different components and information about the implementation in three types of buildings: a church, a museum and a residential building.

scholarly journals Degradation Control of Walls with Rising Damp Problems

2013 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Guimarães ◽  
João M.P.Q. Delgado ◽  
V.P. de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Building Physics ◽  
Rising Damp

Degradation in walls of Historical Building with rising damp is a complex problem to solve, due to the thickness and heterogeneity of those walls. The traditionally treatment techniques used (such as watertight barriers, injection of hydrofuge products, etc.) show, sometimes, to be ineffective or too expensive, justifying the need to find a new approach. Experimental studies validate the effectiveness of a new treatment technique applied to the walls of old buildings wall base ventilation system. Building Physics Laboratory (LFC) is developing a model of this technique. The sizing of the treatment system is based on knowledge of the characteristics of the wall, of the geometry of the ventilation system and of the building being dealt with. In this work it is described the moisture transfer process between the moving air flux, inside the system, and the wall. Experimental results were used to validate the mathematical solution and the values obtained are very similar.

Centrality Measures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginestra Bianconi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Katz Centrality ◽  
Pagerank Centrality

Defining the centrality of nodes and layers in multilayer networks is of fundamental importance for a variety of applications from sociology to biology and finance. This chapter presents the state-of-the-art centrality measures able to characterize the centrality of nodes, the influences of layers or the centrality of replica nodes in multilayer and multiplex networks. These centrality measures include modifications of the eigenvector centrality, Katz centrality, PageRank centrality and Communicability to the multilayer network scenario. The chapter provides a comprehensive description of the research of the field and discusses the main advantages and limitations of the different definitions, allowing the readers that wish to apply these techniques to choose the most suitable definition for his or her case study.

Optimizing preventive maintenance over a finite planning horizon in a semi-Markov framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sánchez Herguedas ◽  
Adolfo Crespo Márquez ◽  
Francisco Rodrigo Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Recurrence Relations ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Mathematical Solution ◽  
Accumulated Reward ◽  
Finite Planning Horizon

Abstract This paper describes the optimization of preventive maintenance (PM) over a finite planning horizon in a semi-Markov framework. In this framework, the asset may be operating, and providing income for the asset owner, or not operating and undergoing PM, or not operating and undergoing corrective maintenance following failure. PM is triggered when the asset has been operating for τ time units. A number m of transitions specifies the finite horizon. This system is described with a set of recurrence relations, and their z-transform is used to determine the value of τ that maximizes the average accumulated reward over the horizon. We study under what conditions a solution can be found, and for those specific cases the solution τ* is calculated. Despite the complexity of the mathematical solution, the result obtained allows the analyst to provide a quick and easy-to-use tool for practical application in many real-world cases. To demonstrate this, the method has been implemented for a case study, and its accuracy and practical implementation were tested using Monte Carlo simulation and direct calculation.

scholarly journals Photovoltaics Enabling Sustainable Energy Communities: Technological Drivers and Emerging Markets

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Alexandros-Georgios Chronis ◽  
Foivos Palaiogiannis ◽  
Iasonas Kouveliotis-Lysikatos ◽  
Panos Kotsampopoulos ◽  
Nikos Hatziargyriou
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Energy Community

In this paper, we investigate the economic benefits of an energy community investing in small-scale photovoltaics (PVs) when local energy trading is operated amongst the community members. The motivation stems from the open research question on whether a community-operated local energy market can enhance the investment feasibility of behind-the-meter small-scale PVs installed by energy community members. Firstly, a review of the models, mechanisms and concepts required for framing the relevant concepts is conducted, while a clarification of nuances at important terms is attempted. Next, a tool for the investigation of the economic benefits of operating a local energy market in the context of an energy community is developed. We design the local energy market using state-of-the-art formulations, modified according to the requirements of the case study. The model is applied to an energy community that is currently under formation in a Greek municipality. From the various simulations that were conducted, a series of generalizable conclusions are extracted.

scholarly journals R–R–T (resistance–resilience–transformation) typology reveals differential conservation approaches across ecosystems and time

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Peterson St-Laurent ◽  
Lauren E. Oakes ◽  
Molly Cross ◽  
Shannon Hagerman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Transformative Action ◽  
Conservation Actions

AbstractConservation practices during the first decade of the millennium predominantly focused on resisting changes and maintaining historical or current conditions, but ever-increasing impacts from climate change have highlighted the need for transformative action. However, little empirical evidence exists on what kinds of conservation actions aimed specifically at climate change adaptation are being implemented in practice, let alone how transformative these actions are. In response, we propose and trial a novel typology—the R–R–T scale, which improves on existing concepts of Resistance, Resilience, and Transformation—that enables the practical application of contested terms and the empirical assessment of whether and to what extent a shift toward transformative action is occurring. When applying the R–R–T scale to a case study of 104 adaptation projects funded since 2011, we find a trend towards transformation that varies across ecosystems. Our results reveal that perceptions about the acceptance of novel interventions in principle are beginning to be expressed in practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document